Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) war a series o major conflicts pittin the French Empire led bi Emperor Napoleon I against an array o European pouers formed intae sindry coaleetions.

Napoleonic Wars

Top: Battle o Austerlitz
Bottom: Battle o Waterloo
Date18 May 1803 – 20 November 1815
(12 years, 6 months and 2 days)
LocationEurope, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Río de la Plata, French Guiana, West Indies, Indian Ocean, North Americae, Caucasus
Result
Third Coaleetion
French victory; Treaty o Pressburg
Fowert Coaleetion
French victory; Treaties o Tilsit
Peninsular War
Allied victory (in 1814)
Fift Coalition
French victory; Treaty o Schönbrunn
French invasion o Roushie
Roushie victory
Saxt Coalition
Allied victory; First Treaty o Paris
Seivent Coaleetion
Allied victory; Seicont Treaty o Paris
Belligerents

 Unitit Kinrick
 Austrick[1][2](1805, 1809, 1813–1815)

 Roushie[3] (1804–1807, 1810–1815)
Portugal (1800–1807, 1809–1815)
 Proushie[2] (1806–1807, 1812–1815)
Spain Spain[4](1808–1815)
 Swaden[5] (1804–1809, 1812–1815)
 Sicily[6]
 Papal States
 Ottoman Empire[7](1806–1810)
Persie (1807–1812)[8]
 Sardinie
 Netherlands (1815)
 Brunswick
Tuscany
 Switzerland
Kinrick o Fraunce French Ryalists
Province o Hanover Hanover
Nassau
Bavarie
Württemberg
Tyrol

Montenegro (1806–1814)

 Fraunce


Spain Spain[4](1803–1808)
Denmark Denmark–Norawa[16] (1807–1814)
 Austrick[1][2](1809–1813)
 Ottoman Empire[7](1807–1809, 1810–1812)
 Roushie[3](1807–1810)
 Proushie[2](1807–1812)
Persie[8](1804–1807, 1812–1813)
 Swaden[5](1809–1812)


Co-belligerents:

Norawa Norway[16] (1814)
Commanders an leaders

Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland George III
Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland George, Prince Regent
Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland Henry Addington
Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland William Pitt
Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland Lord Grenville
Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland Duke o Portland
Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland Spencer Perceval
Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland Lord Liverpuil
Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland Duke o Wellington
Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland Viscoont Nelson 
Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland John Moore 
Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland James Gambier
Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland Robert Calder
Austrick Empire Francis I
Austrick Empire Airchduke Charles
Austrick Empire Prince von Schwarzenberg
Austrick Empire Airchduke John
Airchduke Joseph
Roushie Alexander I
Roushie Mikhail Kutuzov
Roushie Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
Roushie Count Bennigsen
Roushie Pyotr Bagration 
Kinrick o Proushie Frederick William III
Kinrick o Proushie Gebhard von Blücher
Kinrick o Proushie Duke o Brunswick 
Kinrick o Proushie Prince o Hohenlohe
Spain Charles IV
Spain Ferdinand VII
Spain Miguel de Álava
Mary I
John, Prince Regent
Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Ireland William Beresford
Miguel Pereira Forjaz
Gomes Freire de Andrade (to 1807)
Luís do Rego Barreto
Swaden Gustav IV Adolf
Swaden Charles XIII
Swaden Charles John, Prince Regent[17]
Netherlands William, Prince o Orange
Piedmont-Sardinie Victor Emmanuel I
Ferdinand III
Papal States Pius VII
Kinrick o the Twa SiciliesFerdinand IV
Kinrick o Fraunce Louis XVIII
Duchy o Brunswick Frederick William, Duke o Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel 
Maximilian I Joseph
Karl Philipp von Wrede
Province o Hanover Charles Alten
Frederick I
Frederick William, Prince o Nassau-Weilburg
Andreas Hofer
Switzerland Alois von Reding

Petar I Petrović-Njegoš

Fraunce Napoleon I
Fraunce Louis Alexandre Berthier
Fraunce Joachim Murat  Executed
Fraunce Louis-Nicolas Davout
Fraunce Jean Lannes 
Fraunce André Masséna
Fraunce Michel Ney  Executed
Fraunce Jean-de-Dieu Soult
Fraunce Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt
Fraunce Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte
Fraunce Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
Fraunce Jean-Baptiste Bessières 
Fraunce Bon Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
Fraunce Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
Fraunce Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier
Fraunce Jean-Andoche Junot
Fraunce Claude Victor
Fraunce Jacques MacDonald
Fraunce Nicolas Charles Oudinot
Fraunce Auguste Frédéric Louis Viesse de Marmont
Fraunce Louis Gabriel Suchet
Fraunce Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
Fraunce Pierre Cambronne
Fraunce Emmanuel de Grouchy
Fraunce Gomes Freire de Andrade (from 1807 to 1814)
Spain Joseph I[18]
Netherlands Louis I
Prince Poniatowski 
Jan Henryk Dąbrowski
Kinrick o Italy (Napoleonic) Eugène de Beauharnais
Felice Baciocchi
Kinrick o Italy (Napoleonic) Louis I
Kinrick o the Twa Sicilies Joachim Murat
Jerome I
Maximilian I
Karl Philipp von Wrede
Frederick Augustus I
Frederick I
Swaden Charles XIII
Swaden Charles John, Prince Regent[17]
Fath Ali Shah Qajar
Abbas Mirza
Denmark Frederick VI
Denmark Prince Christian August o Augustenburg

Denmark Ernst Peymann
Strenth

3,500,000 Russian
2,500,000 Austrick
2,000,000 Proushie
1,000,000 Breetish
800,000 Spainyie
500,000 Portuguese
250,000 Swadish
200,000 Italian

Total: 11,000,000
7,000,000 French
Casualties an losses

600,000 Roushie
400,000 Austrick
250,000 Proushie
300,000 Breetish
150,000 Spainyie
100,000 Portuguese
50,000 Swadish
50,000 Italian

Tot: 2,000,000

1,300,000 French
100,000 allies o the French
Tot: 1,400,000
- 2,000,000 civilians
-see full leet

References

eedit
  1. a b The term "Austrick Empire" came intae uise after Napoleon crouned himsel Emperor o the French in 1804, whaurbi Francis II, Haly Roman Emperor teuk the title Emperor o Austrick (Kaiser von Österreich) in response. The Haly Roman Empire wis dissolved in 1806, an consequently "Emperor o Austrick" acame Francis' primary teetle. For this reason, "Austrick Empire" is eften used instead o "Haly Roman Empire" for brevity's sake when speakin o the Napoleonic Wars, even thou the twa entities are nae synonymous.
  2. a b c d Baith Austrick an Proushie briefly acame allies o Fraunce an contreibutit forces tae the French invasion o Roushie in 1812.
  3. a b Roushie acame an ally o Fraunce follaein the Treaty o Tilsit in 1807. The alliance broke doun in 1810, which led tae the French invasion in 1812. During that time Roushie waged war against Swaden (1808–1809) an the Ottoman Empire (1806–1812), an nominally against Breetain (1807–1812).
  4. a b c Spain wis an ally o Fraunce till a stealthy French invasion in 1808, then foucht Fraunce in the Peninsular War.
  5. a b Nominally, Swaden declared war against the Unitit Kinrick efter its defeat bi Roushie in the Finnish War (1808–1809).
  6. Sicily remeened in personal union wi Naples till Naples becam a French client-republic follaein the Battle o Campo Tenese in 1806.
  7. a b The Ottoman Empire foucht against Napoleon in the French Campaign in Egyp an Sirie as pairt o the French Revolutionary Wars. During the Napoleonic era o 1803 tae 1815, the Empire pairteecipatit in twa wars against the Allies: against Britain in the Anglo-Turkis War (1807–1809) an against Roushie in the Russo-Turkis War (1806–1812). Houiver, Roushie wis allied wi Napoleon 1807–1810.
  8. a b Qajar dynasty foucht against Roushie frae 1804 tae 1813; the Roushies war allied wi Napoleon 1807–1812.
  9. Napoleon established the Duchy o Warsaw, ruled by the Kinrick o Saxony in 1807. Pols Legions haed already been serving in the French airmies aforehaund.
  10. Napoleon established the Duchy o Warsaw, ruled bi the Kinrick o Saxony in 1807. Pols Legions haed already been servin in the French airmies aforehaund.
  11. The French Empire annexed the Kinrick o Holland in 1810. Dutch truips foucht against Napoleon during the Hunder Days in 1815.
  12. The French Empire annexed the Kinrick o Etrurie in 1807.
  13. The Kinrick o Naples, briefly allied wi Austrick in 1814, allied wi Fraunce again an foucht against Austrick during the Neapolitan War in 1815.
  14. Saxteen o Fraunce's allies amang the German states (including Bavarie an Württemberg) established the Confederation o the Rhine in Julie 1806 follaein the Battle o Austerlitz (December 1805). Follaein the Battle o Jena-Auerstedt (October 1806), sindry ither German states that had previously foucht alangside the anti-French allies, includin Saxony an Westphalie, an aa allied wi Fraunce an jyned the Confederation. Saxony chynged sides again in 1813 during the Battle o Leipzig, causin maist ither member-states tae quickly follae suit an declare war on Fraunce.
  15. These four states war the leadin naitions of the Confederation, but the Confederation was made up o a tot of 43 principalities, kinricks, an duchies.
  16. a b Denmark-Norawa remained neutral till the Battle o Copenhagen (1807). Denmark wis compelled tae cede Norawa tae Swaden bi the Treaty o Kiel in 1814. Follaeing a brief Swadish campaign against Norawa, Norawa entered a personal union wi Swaden.
  17. a b Wis a commander for the French Empire, as Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, 1804–1810.
  18. Joseph Bonaparte ruled as Joseph I o Naples an Sicily frae 30 Mairch 1806 tae 6 Juin 1808, an o Spain frae 8 Juin 1808 tae 11 December 1813. He an aa served as a French commander afore an efter these twa reigns.