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MeToo movement

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The correct title of this article is #MeToo. The substitution of the # is due to technical restrictions.

"Me too" (or "#MeToo") spread virally as a two-word hashtag used on social media in October 2017 to denounce sexual assault and harassment, in the wake of sexual misconduct allegations against Harvey Weinstein.[1][2][3] The phrase, long used in this sense by social activist Tarana Burke,[4] was popularized by actress Alyssa Milano, who encouraged women to Tweet it to publicize experiences to demonstrate the widespread nature of misogynistic behavior. Since then, millions of people have used the hashtag to come forward with their experiences, including many celebrities.[5][6]

Origin

Alyssa Milano encouraged use of the hashtag after accusations against Harvey Weinstein surfaced in 2017.

Social activist and community organizer Tarana Burke created the phrase "Me Too" on the MySpace social network[7] in 2006 as part of a grassroots campaign to promote "empowerment through empathy" among women of color who have experienced sexual abuse, particularly within underprivileged communities.[4][8][9][10][11] Burke, who is creating a documentary titled Me Too, has said she was inspired to use the phrase after being unable to respond to a 13-year-old girl who confided to her that she had been sexually assaulted. Burke later wished she had simply told the girl, "me too".[7]

After accusations against Weinstein surfaced in 2017, actress Alyssa Milano encouraged spreading the phrase as part of an awareness campaign to show the scale and ubiquity of the problem, tweeting: "If all the women who have been sexually harassed or assaulted wrote 'Me too.' as a status, we might give people a sense of the magnitude of the problem."[12][13][14][5][15] Milano later attributed the phrase to Burke, calling Burke's story "heartwarming and inspiring".[7]

Reach and impact

The phrase had been used more than 200,000 times by October 15,[16] and tweeted more than 500,000 times by October 16.[1] On Facebook, the hashtag had been used by more than 4.7 million people in 12 million posts during the first 24 hours.[6] The platform reported that 45% of users in the United States had a friend who had posted using the term.[17]

Tens of thousands of people replied to Milano's tweet, including more than 30 celebrities[18]:

Some men, such as actors Terry Crews[37] and James Van Der Beek,[38] have responded to the hashtag with their own experiences of harassment and abuse, while others have responded by acknowledging past behaviors against women, spawning the hashtag "HowIWillChange."[12] The hashtag "HimThough" was coined by Elizabeth Plank.[39]

In addition to Hollywood, "Me Too" declarations elicited discussion of sexual harassment and abuse in the music industry,[40], sciences,[41] academia,[42] and politics.[43] In the music industry, the band Veruca Salt used the #MeToo hashtag to air allegations of sexual harassment against James Toback,[44] and Alice Glass used the hashtag to share a history of alleged sexual assault and other abuses by former Crystal Castles bandmate Ethan Kath.[45][46]

Statehouses in California, Illinois, Oregon, and Rhode Island responded to allegations of sexual harassment surfaced by the campaign,[47] and several women in politics spoke out about their experiences of sexual harassment, including United States Senators Heidi Heitkamp, Mazie Hirono, Claire McCaskill and Elizabeth Warren.[43] Congresswoman Jackie Speier has introduced a bill aimed at making sexual harassment complaints easier to report on Capitol Hill.[48]

International response

The hashtag has trended in at least 85 countries,[49] including India, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom. Variants of the phrase trended in France,[16] using "BalanceTonPorc" (DenounceYourPig),[50] which encouraged users to share the names of their alleged abusers.[51] In Italy, women posted stories of assault and harassment under the hashtag #QuellaVoltaChe translated literally into "#TheTimeThat."[52][53] The Spanish-language counterpart is "#YoTambién". In French-speaking parts of Canada, the campaign is done under the hashtag "#MoiAussi". In Israel, the Hebrew hashtag "גםאנחנו#" (#UsToo) began trending on October 18, with a front page spread in the newspaper Yediot Aharonot.[50] In Sweden, several women used the hashtag to confront television presenter Martin Timell's alleged abuse towards them.[54] All of his shows on TV4 were cancelled on 20 October 2017.[55][56]

The European Parliament convened a session directly in response to the Me Too campaign, after it gave rise to allegations of abuse in Parliament and in the European Union's offices in Brussels. Cecilia Malmstrom, the European Commissioner for Trade, specifically cited the hashtag as the reason the meeting had been convened.[57]

Aftermath

Subsequent to the accusations against Harvey Weinstein, the following public figures have also been accused of inappropriate behavior:

Criticism

The hashtag has been criticized for putting the responsibility of publicizing sexual harassment and abuse on those who experienced it, which could be re-traumatizing.[74][75][76][77] Some found the hashtag to inspire fatigue and outrage, rather than emotionally dense communication.[78][79] Burke had initially criticized the movement for ignoring the work of black women in creating dialogue addressing sexual assault. However, she did salute those who partook in the movement and credited Milano for acknowledging Burke’s own similar movement.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f France, Lisa Respers (October 16, 2017). "#MeToo: Social media flooded with personal stories of assault". CNN. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  2. ^ a b c Schmidt, Samantha (October 16, 2017). "#MeToo: Harvey Weinstein case moves thousands to tell their own stories of abuse, break silence". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. OCLC 2269358. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  3. ^ Chuck, Elizabeth (October 16, 2017). "#MeToo: Alyssa Milano promotes hashtag that becomes anti-harassment rallying cry". NBC News. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  4. ^ a b Guerra, Cristela (October 17, 2017). "Where'd the #MeToo initiative really come from? Activist Tarana Burke, long before hashtags". The Boston Globe. ISSN 0743-1791. OCLC 66652431. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "#MeToo: Sexual Harassment and Assault Movement Tweeted Over 500,000 Times as Celebs Share Stories". People. October 16, 2017.
  6. ^ a b CNN, Cassandra Santiago and Doug Criss,. "An activist, a little girl and the heartbreaking origin of 'Me too'". CNN. Retrieved 2017-10-18. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ a b c Ohlheiser, Abby (19 October 2017). "The woman behind 'Me Too' knew the power of the phrase when she created it — 10 years ago". Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-10-20. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  8. ^ a b Hill, Zahara (October 16, 2017). "Black Woman Tarana Burke Founded the "Me Too" Movement". Ebony. ISSN 0012-9011. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
  9. ^ Leah, Rachel (October 17, 2017). "Hollywood's brightest join the 10-year-old #MeToo movement, but will that change anything?". Salon. Salon Media Group Inc. OCLC 43916723. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
  10. ^ Shugerman, Emily (October 17, 2017). "Me Too: Why are women sharing stories of sexual assault and how did it start?". The Independent. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
  11. ^ a b Mazza, Ed (October 16, 2017). "#MeToo: Alyssa Milano's Call for Sexual Abuse Victims to Come Forward Goes Viral". HuffPost. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
  12. ^ a b Graham, Ruth (17 October 2017). "Why the #MeToo Moment Is Liberating, Dispiriting, and Uncomfortable All at Once". Slate. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  13. ^ Moore, Suzanne (October 16, 2017). "It's not just one monster. 'Me too' reveals the ubiquity of sexual assault". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  14. ^ "In saying #MeToo, Alyssa Milano pushes awareness campaign about sexual assault and harassment". Los Angeles Times. Tronc. ISSN 0458-3035. OCLC 3638237. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
  15. ^ Guerra, Cristela (17 October 2017). "Where'd the "Me Too" initiative really come from? Activist Tarana Burke, long before hashtags - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. Retrieved 2017-10-18. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  16. ^ a b Sini, Rozina (October 16, 2017). "'MeToo' and the scale of sexual abuse". BBC.
  17. ^ "More than 12M "Me Too" Facebook posts, comments, reactions in 24 hours". CBS News. October 17, 2017. Retrieved 2017-10-23. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  18. ^ "The #MeToo Movement On Social Media". Eyerys. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
  19. ^ a b John, Tara. "Tons of Celebrities Are Joining Alyssa Milano's 'Me Too' Protest". Time. Time Inc. ISSN 0040-781X. OCLC 1311479. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
  20. ^ a b c d Rife, Katie (October 17, 2017). "An incomplete, depressingly long list of celebrities' sexual assault and harassment stories". The A.V. Club. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
  21. ^ "Björk lends voice to #MeToo campaign to detail sexual harassment at hands of Danish director - NME". nme.com. 17 October 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  22. ^ a b "#MeToo: Lady Gaga, Mallika Dua and other celebrities share their experiences". The Indian Express. Indian Express Limited. October 17, 2017. OCLC 70274541. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
  23. ^ a b Millstein, Seth (October 15, 2017). "9 Celebrities Whose "Me Too" Tweets Lay Bare the Everyday Reality of Sexual Assault". Bustle. Bustle Digital Group. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
  24. ^ "#MeToo Floods Social Media With Stories of Harassment and Assault". The New York Times. October 16, 2017.
  25. ^ "America Ferrera Says She Was Sexually Assaulted When She Was 9 Years Old". Cosmopolitan.
  26. ^ "America Ferrera's #MeToo story: I was sexually assaulted at age 9". usatoday.com. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  27. ^ a b c "As #MeToo trends, here's a list of sex scandals in tech and entertainment". Mercury News. October 16, 2017.
  28. ^ a b "COO of Instagram Marne Levine and Emily Ratajkowski on How the Platform Is Combatting Sexual Harassment". Marie Claire.
  29. ^ "Women join forces against sexual assault with 'me too' social media campaign". Christian Science Monitor. October 16, 2017.
  30. ^ "In #metoo post, Olympic gymnast McKayla Maroney says she was molested". nbcnews.com. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  31. ^ Mather, Victor (18 October 2017). "Olympic Gymnast McKayla Maroney Says She Too Was Molested by Team Doctor". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  32. ^ a b "Stars raise sexual assault awareness with #MeToo Twitter campaign". EW. October 16, 2017. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
  33. ^ ""Me Too" trend on Twitter raises awareness about sexual assault". CBS News. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  34. ^ "Gabrielle Union Vows to 'Continue' Sexual Assault Conversation: 'It Was Wild ... to See #MeToo Trending'". US Magazine.
  35. ^ "'Me too': Elizabeth Warren adds her voice to campaign raising awareness of sexual harassment and assault". Boston.com.
  36. ^ Hill, Libby. "Today in Entertainment: Larissa Gomes, Lena Headey accuse Harvey Weinstein of sexual harassment". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  37. ^ https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/oct/11/actor-terry-crews-sexually-assaulted-by-hollywood-executive
  38. ^ Leah, Rachel. "James Van Der Beek's story of sexual abuse is a powerful reminder that men can be victims too". Salon. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  39. ^ "12 million women told their story of sexual assault with #MeToo. Now a new hashtag is asking men to take responsibility". The Independent. 17 October 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  40. ^ Stubblebine, Allison (October 16, 2017). "Lady Gaga, Sheryl Crow and More Tweet #MeToo To Raise Awareness for Sexual Assault". Billboard. Retrieved 2017-10-23. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  41. ^ Neill, Ushma S. "When Scientists Say, "Me, Too"". Scientific American Blog Network. Scientific American.
  42. ^ Gordon, Maggie (2017-10-19). "'Me Too' the 'end of the beginning' of a movement". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2017-10-23.
  43. ^ a b Wang, Amy B. (21 October 2017). "Senators say #MeToo: McCaskill, others share their stories of sexual harassment". Washington Post. Washington Post. Washington Post. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  44. ^ Director James Toback accused of sexual harassment by 38 women Travis M. Andrews, Washington Post, October 23, 2017
  45. ^ Aswad, Jem (24 October 2017). "Alice Glass Accuses Former Crystal Castles Bandmate of Sexual Assault, Abuse". Variety. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  46. ^ Vincent, Alice (25 October 2017). "Crystal Castles' Ethan Kath has denied claims by bandmate Alice Glass that he raped and abused her for years". The Telegraph. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  47. ^ Tareen, Sophia. "Latest Front in Weinstein Scandal: Statehouses Say 'Me Too'". US News. US News and World Report. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  48. ^ Cadei, Emily. "Few in Washington are saying #MeToo. California congresswoman wants to change that". miamiherald. Miami Herald. McClatchy. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  49. ^ Strum, Laura. "Twitter chat: What #MeToo says about sexual abuse in society". PBS NewsHour. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  50. ^ a b Etehad, Melissa (18 October 2017). "A global primal scream: #MeToo (#YoTambien #QuellaVoltaChe #גםאנחנו أنا_كمان#)". Los Angeles Times. LA Times. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
  51. ^ Donadio, Rachel. "#BalanceTonPorc Is France's #MeToo". The Atlantic. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
  52. ^ Montini, Beatrice (17 October 2017). "Weinstein, Giulia Blasi e le storie su #quellavoltache: «Se c'è squilibrio di potere non c'è mai consenso. Basta processare le vittime»" [Weinstein, Giulia Blasi, and stories posted to #quellavoltache: "When there's a power imbalance, it can never be consensual. Quit putting victims on trial."]. Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Milan. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  53. ^ See also: @ResistanceItaly (17 October 2017). "#quellavoltache is the Italian #metoo hashtag" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  54. ^ "Martin Timell anklagas för sexism och rasism under inspelningar av "Äntligen hemma"". Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  55. ^ "Timell bryter tystnaden och erkänner: "Är chockad över att jag gjort så mycket fel"". Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  56. ^ "Swedish media probe sexual offence allegations". The Local. 20 October 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  57. ^ Schreuer, Milan (25 October 2017). "A #MeToo Moment for the European Parliament". The New York Times. New York Times. New York Times. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  58. ^ http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/11/entertainment/ben-affleck-apology/index.html
  59. ^ http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2017/10/27/e-news-ken-baker-accused-sexual-harassment.html
  60. ^ http://www.delish.com/food-news/a56283/john-besh-sexual-harassment-allegations/
  61. ^ http://www.goerie.com/news/20171028/erie-city-council-candidate-george-hw-bush-made-inappropriate-touch-in-2004
  62. ^ http://ew.com/tv/2017/10/20/apa-agent-tyler-grasham-fired-sexual-assault-allegations/
  63. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/26/business/media/halperin-sexual-harassment.html
  64. ^ http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2017/10/19/male-feminist-writer-fired-by-gq-magazine-after-woman-accuses-him-sexual-assault.html
  65. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/17/business/media/roy-price-amazon-studios.html
  66. ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/10/23/exclusive-terry-richardson-banned-working-vogue-leading-mags/
  67. ^ http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/nickelodeon-fires-loud-house-creator-sexual-harassment-allegations-1050485
  68. ^ https://techcrunch.com/2017/10/20/robert-scoble-has-allegedly-continued-to-sexually-harass-women-after-going-sober/
  69. ^ http://variety.com/2017/digital/news/honest-trailers-creator-andy-signore-fired-for-egregious-and-intolerable-sexual-behavior-1202583996/
  70. ^ http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2017/10/19/vox_fires_editorial_director_lockhart_steele.html
  71. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/27/us/james-toback-accusations.html
  72. ^ https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2017/10/the-harvey-effect-reaches-leon-wieseltier/543897/
  73. ^ http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/twiggy-ramirez-issues-statement-following-rape-accusation-w510245
  74. ^ Schlack, Julie. "#MeToo Flared But Won't Endure". www.wbur.org. National Public Radio. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
  75. ^ Maltby, Kate. "Mayim Bialik and the trouble with #MeToo". CNN. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
  76. ^ Gerson, Jen (17 October 2017). "Jen Gerson: I mean no disrespect when I say that I have a problem with #MeToo". National Post. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
  77. ^ CNN, Sandee LaMotte,. "#MeToo sexual assault stories trigger trauma for some". CNN. Retrieved 2017-10-20. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  78. ^ Hempel, Jessi. "The Problem with #MeToo and Viral Outrage | Backchannel". WIRED. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
  79. ^ Charleston, Libby-Jane (17 October 2017). "Why I'm Not Joining The #MeToo Hashtag Even Though I Was Sexually Harassed". Huffington Post. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
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