Isotop itrium
Tampilan
(Dialihkan dari Itrium-89)
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Berat atom standar Ar°(Y) |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Itrium (39Y) yang terbentuk secara alami hanya terdiri dari satu isotop stabil, 89Y; oleh karena itu, itrium adalah unsur monoisotop dan mononuklida. Radioisotop yang paling stabil adalah 88Y, yang memiliki waktu paruh 106,6 hari dan 91Y dengan waktu paruh 58,51 hari. Semua isotop lainnya memiliki waktu paruh kurang dari satu hari, kecuali 87Y, yang memiliki waktu paruh 79,8 jam, dan 90Y, dengan waktu paruh 64 jam. Mode peluruhan yang dominan untuk isotop di bawah 89Y yang stabil adalah penangkapan elektron dan untuk isotop di atasnya adalah emisi beta. Tiga puluh lima isotop tidak stabil telah dikarakterisasi.
90Y ada dalam kesetimbangan dengan isotop induknya 90Sr, yang merupakan produk dari fisi nuklir.
Daftar isotop
[sunting | sunting sumber]Nuklida [n 1] |
Z | N | Massa isotop (Da) [n 2][n 3] |
Waktu paruh [n 4] |
Mode peluruhan [n 5] |
Isotop anak [n 6][n 7] |
Spin dan paritas [n 8][n 4] |
Kelimpahan alami (fraksi mol) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Energi eksitasi[n 4] | Proporsi normal | Rentang variasi | |||||||||||||||||
76Y | 39 | 37 | 75,95845(54)# | 500# ndtk [>170 ndtk] | |||||||||||||||
77Y | 39 | 38 | 76,94965(7)# | 63(17) mdtk | p (>99,9%) | 76Sr | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||
β+ (<0,1%) | 77Sr | ||||||||||||||||||
78Y | 39 | 39 | 77,94361(43)# | 54(5) mdtk | β+ | 78Sr | (0+) | ||||||||||||
78mY | 0(500)# keV | 5,8(5) dtk | 5+# | ||||||||||||||||
79Y | 39 | 40 | 78,93735(48) | 14,8(6) dtk | β+ (>99,9%) | 79Sr | (5/2+)# | ||||||||||||
β+, p (<0,1%) | 78Rb | ||||||||||||||||||
80Y | 39 | 41 | 79,93428(19) | 30,1(5) dtk | β+ | 80Sr | 4− | ||||||||||||
80m1Y | 228,5(1) keV | 4,8(3) dtk | (1−) | ||||||||||||||||
80m2Y | 312,6(9) keV | 4,7(3) µdtk | (2+) | ||||||||||||||||
81Y | 39 | 42 | 80,92913(7) | 70,4(10) dtk | β+ | 81Sr | (5/2+) | ||||||||||||
82Y | 39 | 43 | 81,92679(11) | 8,30(20) dtk | β+ | 82Sr | 1+ | ||||||||||||
82m1Y | 402,63(14) keV | 268(25) ndtk | 4− | ||||||||||||||||
82m2Y | 507,50(13) keV | 147(7) ndtk | 6+ | ||||||||||||||||
83Y | 39 | 44 | 82,92235(5) | 7,08(6) mnt | β+ | 83Sr | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||
83mY | 61,98(11) keV | 2,85(2) mnt | β+ (60%) | 83Sr | (3/2−) | ||||||||||||||
IT (40%) | 83Y | ||||||||||||||||||
84Y | 39 | 45 | 83,92039(10) | 39,5(8) mnt | β+ | 84Sr | 1+ | ||||||||||||
84mY | −80(190) keV | 4,6(2) dtk | β+ | 84Sr | (5−) | ||||||||||||||
85Y | 39 | 46 | 84,916433(20) | 2,68(5) jam | β+ | 85Sr | (1/2)− | ||||||||||||
85m1Y | 19,8(5) keV | 4,86(13) jam | β+ (99,998%) | 85Sr | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||||
IT (0,002%) | 85Y | ||||||||||||||||||
85m2Y | 266,30(20) keV | 178(6) ndtk | 5/2− | ||||||||||||||||
86Y | 39 | 47 | 85,914886(15) | 14,74(2) jam | β+ | 86Sr | 4− | ||||||||||||
86m1Y | 218,30(20) keV | 48(1) mnt | IT (99,31%) | 86Y | (8+) | ||||||||||||||
β+ (0,69%) | 86Sr | ||||||||||||||||||
86m2Y | 302,2(5) keV | 125(6) ndtk | (7−) | ||||||||||||||||
87Y | 39 | 48 | 86,9108757(17) | 79,8(3) jam | β+ | 87Sr | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
87mY | 380,82(7) keV | 13,37(3) jam | IT (98,43%) | 87Y | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||||
β+ (1,56%) | 87Sr | ||||||||||||||||||
88Y | 39 | 49 | 87,9095011(20) | 106,616(13) hri | β+ | 88Sr | 4− | ||||||||||||
88m1Y | 674,55(4) keV | 13,9(2) mdtk | IT | 88Y | (8)+ | ||||||||||||||
88m2Y | 392,86(9) keV | 300(3) µdtk | 1+ | ||||||||||||||||
89Y[n 9] | 39 | 50 | 88,9058483(27) | Stabil | 1/2− | 1,0000 | |||||||||||||
89mY | 908,97(3) keV | 15,663(5) dtk | IT | 89Y | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||||
90Y[n 9] | 39 | 51 | 89,9071519(27) | 64,053(20) jam | β− | 90Zr | 2− | ||||||||||||
90mY | 681,67(10) keV | 3,19(6) jam | IT (99,99%) | 90Y | 7+ | ||||||||||||||
β− (0,0018%) | 90Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
91Y[n 9] | 39 | 52 | 90,907305(3) | 58,51(6) hri | β− | 91Zr | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
91mY | 555,58(5) keV | 49,71(4) mnt | IT (98,5%) | 91Y | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||||
β− (1,5%) | 91Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
92Y | 39 | 53 | 91,908949(10) | 3,54(1) jam | β− | 92Zr | 2− | ||||||||||||
93Y | 39 | 54 | 92,909583(11) | 10,18(8) jam | β− | 93Zr | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
93mY | 758,719(21) keV | 820(40) mdtk | IT | 93Y | 7/2+ | ||||||||||||||
94Y | 39 | 55 | 93,911595(8) | 18,7(1) mnt | β− | 94Zr | 2− | ||||||||||||
95Y | 39 | 56 | 94,912821(8) | 10,3(1) mnt | β− | 95Zr | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
96Y | 39 | 57 | 95,915891(25) | 5,34(5) dtk | β− | 96Zr | 0− | ||||||||||||
96mY | 1140(30) keV | 9,6(2) dtk | β− | 96Zr | (8)+ | ||||||||||||||
97Y | 39 | 58 | 96,918134(13) | 3,75(3) dtk | β− (99,942%) | 97Zr | (1/2−) | ||||||||||||
β−, n (0,058%) | 96Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
97m1Y | 667,51(23) keV | 1,17(3) dtk | β− (99,3%) | 97Zr | (9/2)+ | ||||||||||||||
IT (0,7%) | 97Y | ||||||||||||||||||
β−, n (0,08%) | 96Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
97m2Y | 3523,3(4) keV | 142(8) mdtk | (27/2−) | ||||||||||||||||
98Y | 39 | 59 | 97,922203(26) | 0,548(2) ldtk | β− (99,669%) | 98Zr | (0)− | ||||||||||||
β−, n (0,331%) | 97Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
98m1Y | 170,74(6) keV | 620(80) ndtk | (2)− | ||||||||||||||||
98m2Y | 410(30) keV | 2,0(2) dtk | β− (86,6%) | 98Zr | (5+,4−) | ||||||||||||||
IT (10%) | 98Y | ||||||||||||||||||
β−, n (3,4%) | 97Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
98m3Y | 496,19(15) keV | 7,6(4) µdtk | (2−) | ||||||||||||||||
98m4Y | 1181,1(4) keV | 0,83(10) µdtk | (8−) | ||||||||||||||||
99Y | 39 | 60 | 98,924636(26) | 1,470(7) dtk | β− (98,1%) | 99Zr | (5/2+) | ||||||||||||
β−, n (1,9%) | 98Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
99mY | 2141,65(19) keV | 8,6(8) µdtk | (17/2+) | ||||||||||||||||
100Y | 39 | 61 | 99,92776(8) | 735(7) mdtk | β− (98,98%) | 100Zr | 1−,2− | ||||||||||||
β−, n (1,02%) | 99Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
100mY | 200(200)# keV | 940(30) mdtk | β− | 100Zr | (3,4,5)(+#) | ||||||||||||||
101Y | 39 | 62 | 100,93031(10) | 426(20) mdtk | β− (98,06%) | 101Zr | (5/2+) | ||||||||||||
β−, n (1,94%) | 100Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
102Y | 39 | 63 | 101,93356(9) | 0,30(1) dtk | β− (95,1%) | 102Zr | |||||||||||||
β−, n (4,9%) | 101Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
102mY | 200(200)# keV | 360(40) mdtk | β− (94%) | 102Zr | tinggi | ||||||||||||||
β−, n (6%) | 101Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
103Y | 39 | 64 | 102,93673(32)# | 224(19) mdtk | β− (91,7%) | 103Zr | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||
β−, n (8,3%) | 102Zr | ||||||||||||||||||
104Y | 39 | 65 | 103,94105(43)# | 180(60) mdtk | β− | 104Zr | |||||||||||||
105Y | 39 | 66 | 104,94487(54)# | 60# mdtk [>300 ndtk] | β− | 105Zr | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||
106Y | 39 | 67 | 105,94979(75)# | 50# mdtk [>300 ndtk] | β− | 106Zr | |||||||||||||
107Y | 39 | 68 | 106,95414(54)# | 30# mdtk [>300 ndtk] | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||||
108Y[2] | 39 | 69 | 107,95948(86)# | 20# mdtk [>300 ndtk] | |||||||||||||||
109Y[2] | 39 | 70 | |||||||||||||||||
110Y[3] | 39 | 71 | |||||||||||||||||
111Y[3] | 39 | 72 | |||||||||||||||||
Header & footer tabel ini: |
- ^ mY – Isomer nuklir tereksitasi.
- ^ ( ) – Ketidakpastian (1σ) diberikan dalam bentuk ringkas dalam tanda kurung setelah digit terakhir yang sesuai.
- ^ # – Massa atom bertanda #: nilai dan ketidakpastian yang diperoleh bukan dari data eksperimen murni, tetapi setidaknya sebagian dari tren dari Permukaan Massa (trends from the Mass Surface, TMS).
- ^ a b c # – Nilai yang ditandai # tidak murni berasal dari data eksperimen, tetapi setidaknya sebagian dari tren nuklida tetangga (trends of neighboring nuclides, TNN).
- ^
Mode peluruhan:
IT: Transisi isomerik n: Emisi neutron p: Emisi proton - ^ Simbol miring tebal sebagai anak – Produk anak hampir stabil.
- ^ Simbol tebal sebagai anak – Produk anak stabil.
- ^ ( ) nilai spin – Menunjukkan spin dengan argumen penempatan yang lemah.
- ^ a b c Produk fisi
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Meija, J.; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ a b Ohnishi, Tetsuya; Kubo, Toshiyuki; Kusaka, Kensuke; et al. (2010). "Identification of 45 New Neutron-Rich Isotopes Produced by In-Flight Fission of a 238U Beam at 345 MeV/nucleon". J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Physical Society of Japan. 79 (7). doi:10.1143/JPSJ.79.073201
.
- ^ a b Sumikama, T.; et al. (2021). "Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of 110Zr".
- Massa isotop dari:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Komposisi isotop dan massa atom standar dari:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683
.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051
.
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683
- "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 Oktober 2005.
- Data waktu paruh, spin, dan isomer dipilih dari sumber-sumber berikut.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Laboratorium Nasional Brookhaven.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". Dalam Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (edisi ke-85). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
- E. V. Marathe (Juli 1955). "The Half-Life of Yttrium-90". Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research (edisi ke-14B): 354–355.