A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Friday, September 9, 1904,[1][2][3] with a magnitude of 1.0709. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Totality was visible from German New Guinea (the part now belonging to Marshall Islands) on September 10 and Chile on September 9.
| Solar eclipse of September 9, 1904 | |
|---|---|
 Map | |
| Type of eclipse | |
| Nature | Total |
| Gamma | −0.1625 |
| Magnitude | 1.0709 |
| Maximum eclipse | |
| Duration | 380 s (6 min 20 s) |
| Coordinates | 3°42′S 134°30′W / 3.7°S 134.5°W |
| Max. width of band | 234 km (145 mi) |
| Times (UTC) | |
| Greatest eclipse | 20:44:21 |
| References | |
| Saros | 133 (39 of 72) |
| Catalog # (SE5000) | 9291 |
The event is mentioned in James Joyce's novel Ulysses.
Observations
editThe National Astronomical Observatory of Chile established an observation station in Taltal, Antofagasta, but the eclipse was clouded out and could not be seen. In the capital city Santiago, a partial eclipse was seen just before sunset.[4]
Related eclipses
editEclipses in 1904
edit- An annular solar eclipse on March 17, 1904.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on March 31, 1904.
- A total solar eclipse on September 9, 1904.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on September 24, 1904.
Metonic
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 22, 1900
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 28, 1908
Tzolkinex
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 29, 1897
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 22, 1911
Half-Saros
edit- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of September 4, 1895
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 15, 1913
Tritos
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 9, 1893
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 10, 1915
Solar Saros 133
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 29, 1886
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 21, 1922
Inex
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 29, 1875
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 21, 1933
Triad
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 9, 1817
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 11, 1991
Solar eclipses of 1902–1906
editThis eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[5]
The partial solar eclipses on May 7, 1902 and October 31, 1902 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on July 21, 1906 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1902 to 1906 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descending node | Ascending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 108 | April 8, 1902 Partial |
1.5024 | 113 | October 1, 1902 | ||
| 118 | March 29, 1903 Annular |
0.8413 | 123 | September 21, 1903 Total |
−0.8967 | |
| 128 | March 17, 1904 Annular |
0.1299 | 133 | September 9, 1904 Total |
−0.1625 | |
| 138 | March 6, 1905 Annular |
−0.5768 | 143 |
August 30, 1905 Total |
0.5708 | |
| 148 | February 23, 1906 Partial |
−1.2479 | 153 | August 20, 1906 Partial |
1.3731 | |
Saros 133
editThis eclipse is a part of Saros series 133, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 72 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on July 13, 1219. It contains annular eclipses from November 20, 1435 through January 13, 1526; a hybrid eclipse on January 24, 1544; and total eclipses from February 3, 1562 through June 21, 2373. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on September 5, 2499. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 25 at 1 minutes, 14 seconds on November 30, 1453, and the longest duration of totality was produced by member 61 at 6 minutes, 50 seconds on August 7, 1850. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[6]
| Series members 34–55 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 34 | 35 | 36 |
| July 17, 1814 |
July 27, 1832 |
August 7, 1850 |
| 37 | 38 | 39 |
| August 18, 1868 |
August 29, 1886 |
September 9, 1904 |
| 40 | 41 | 42 |
| September 21, 1922 |
October 1, 1940 |
October 12, 1958 |
| 43 | 44 | 45 |
| October 23, 1976 |
November 3, 1994 |
November 13, 2012 |
| 46 | 47 | 48 |
| November 25, 2030 |
December 5, 2048 |
December 17, 2066 |
| 49 | 50 | 51 |
| December 27, 2084 |
January 8, 2103 |
January 19, 2121 |
| 52 | 53 | 54 |
| January 30, 2139 |
February 9, 2157 |
February 21, 2175 |
| 55 | ||
| March 3, 2193 | ||
Inex series
editThis eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings. In the 18th century:
- Solar Saros 127: Total Solar Eclipse of 1731 Jan 08
- Solar Saros 128: Annular Solar Eclipse of 1759 Dec 19
- Solar Saros 129: Annular Solar Eclipse of 1788 Nov 27
| Inex series members between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| Near lunar perigee | After lunar apogee Before lunar perigee |
Before lunar apogee After lunar perigee |
| November 9, 1817 (Saros 130) |
October 20, 1846 (Saros 131) |
September 29, 1875 (Saros 132) |
| September 9, 1904 (Saros 133) |
August 21, 1933 (Saros 134) |
July 31, 1962 (Saros 135) |
| July 11, 1991 (Saros 136) |
June 21, 2020 (Saros 137) |
May 31, 2049 (Saros 138) |
| May 11, 2078 (Saros 139) |
April 23, 2107 (Saros 140) |
April 1, 2136 (Saros 141) |
| March 12, 2165 (Saros 142) |
February 21, 2194 (Saros 143) |
|
In the 23rd century:
- Solar Saros 144: Annular Solar Eclipse of 2223 Feb 01
- Solar Saros 145: Total Solar Eclipse of 2252 Jan 12
- Solar Saros 146: Annular Solar Eclipse of 2280 Dec 22
Tritos series
editThis eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1901 and 2100 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| September 9, 1904 (Saros 133) |
August 10, 1915 (Saros 134) |
July 9, 1926 (Saros 135) | |
| June 8, 1937 (Saros 136) |
May 9, 1948 (Saros 137) |
April 8, 1959 (Saros 138) | |
| March 7, 1970 (Saros 139) |
February 4, 1981 (Saros 140) |
January 4, 1992 (Saros 141) | |
| December 4, 2002 (Saros 142) |
November 3, 2013 (Saros 143) |
October 2, 2024 (Saros 144) | |
| September 2, 2035 (Saros 145) |
August 2, 2046 (Saros 146) |
July 1, 2057 (Saros 147) | |
| May 31, 2068 (Saros 148) |
May 1, 2079 (Saros 149) |
March 31, 2090 (Saros 150) | |
Notes
edit- ^ "To-day's eclipse". Evening Post. Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, England. 1904-09-09. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-10-27 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "SOLAR ECLIPSE". The Hawaiian Star. Honolulu, Hawaii. 1904-09-09. p. 8. Retrieved 2023-10-27 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Solar Eclipse and Earthquake Shock". Altoona Tribune. Altoona, Pennsylvania. 1904-09-10. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-10-27 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ W. W. Campbell (10 December 1904). "The Total Eclipse of September 9, 1904". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 16. Astronomical Society of the Pacific: 266–267.
- ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
- ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 133". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
References
edit- Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
