An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit between Tuesday, August 10 and Wednesday, August 11, 1915,[1][2][3][4] with a magnitude of 0.9853. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring 5.8 days after apogee (on August 5, 1915, at 2:40 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[5]
| Solar eclipse of August 10, 1915 | |
|---|---|
 Map | |
| Type of eclipse | |
| Nature | Annular |
| Gamma | 0.0124 |
| Magnitude | 0.9853 |
| Maximum eclipse | |
| Duration | 93 s (1 min 33 s) |
| Coordinates | 16°24′N 161°24′W / 16.4°N 161.4°W |
| Max. width of band | 52 km (32 mi) |
| Times (UTC) | |
| Greatest eclipse | 22:52:25 |
| References | |
| Saros | 134 (38 of 71) |
| Catalog # (SE5000) | 9316 |
Annularity was visible from the Pacific Ocean, with the only land being Haha-jima Group in Japan, where the eclipse occurred on August 11 because it is west of International Date Line. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of Northeast Asia, northern Oceania, and Hawaii.
Eclipse details
editShown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[6]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1915 August 10 at 19:56:16.8 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1915 August 10 at 20:58:11.2 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1915 August 10 at 20:59:11.3 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1915 August 10 at 20:59:11.3 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1915 August 10 at 21:00:11.3 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 1915 August 10 at 22:02:04.6 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1915 August 10 at 22:51:48.2 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1915 August 10 at 22:52:16.2 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1915 August 10 at 22:52:24.5 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 1915 August 10 at 23:42:46.5 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1915 August 11 at 00:44:40.1 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1915 August 11 at 00:45:37.4 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1915 August 11 at 00:46:34.7 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1915 August 11 at 01:48:26.3 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 0.98528 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 0.97078 |
| Gamma | 0.01237 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 09h18m36.8s |
| Sun Declination | +15°41'16.7" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'46.8" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.7" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 09h18m37.9s |
| Moon Declination | +15°41'54.9" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 15'18.4" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°56'10.4" |
| ΔT | 17.8 s |
Eclipse season
editThis eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.
| July 26 Ascending node (full moon) |
August 10 Descending node (new moon) |
August 24 Ascending node (full moon) |
|---|---|---|
| Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 108 |
Annular solar eclipse Solar Saros 134 |
Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 146 |
Related eclipses
editEclipses in 1915
edit- A penumbral lunar eclipse on January 31.
- An annular solar eclipse on February 14.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on March 1.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on July 26.
- An annular solar eclipse on August 10.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on August 24.
Metonic
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 22, 1911
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of May 29, 1919
Tzolkinex
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of June 28, 1908
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 21, 1922
Half-Saros
edit- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of August 4, 1906
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of August 14, 1924
Tritos
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 9, 1904
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 9, 1926
Solar Saros 134
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 29, 1897
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 21, 1933
Inex
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 29, 1886
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 20, 1944
Triad
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 9, 1828
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 10, 2002
Solar eclipses of 1913–1917
editThis eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[7]
The partial solar eclipses on April 6, 1913 and September 30, 1913 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the solar eclipses on December 24, 1916 (partial), June 19, 1917 (partial), and December 14, 1917 (annular) occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1913 to 1917 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descending node | Ascending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 114 | August 31, 1913 Partial |
1.4512 | 119 | February 25, 1914 Annular |
−0.9416 | |
| 124 | August 21, 1914 Total |
0.7655 | 129 | February 14, 1915 Annular |
−0.2024 | |
| 134 | August 10, 1915 Annular |
0.0124 | 139 |
February 3, 1916 Total |
0.4987 | |
| 144 | July 30, 1916 Annular |
−0.7709 | 149 | January 23, 1917 Partial |
1.1508 | |
| 154 | July 19, 1917 Partial |
−1.5101 | ||||
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Saros 134
editThis eclipse is a part of Saros series 134, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on June 22, 1248. It contains total eclipses from October 9, 1428 through December 24, 1554; hybrid eclipses from January 3, 1573 through June 27, 1843; and annular eclipses from July 8, 1861 through May 21, 2384. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on August 6, 2510. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of totality was produced by member 11 at 1 minutes, 30 seconds on October 9, 1428, and the longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 52 at 10 minutes, 55 seconds on January 10, 2168. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[8]
| Series members 32–53 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 32 | 33 | 34 |
| June 6, 1807 |
June 16, 1825 |
June 27, 1843 |
| 35 | 36 | 37 |
| July 8, 1861 |
July 19, 1879 |
July 29, 1897 |
| 38 | 39 | 40 |
| August 10, 1915 |
August 21, 1933 |
September 1, 1951 |
| 41 | 42 | 43 |
| September 11, 1969 |
September 23, 1987 |
October 3, 2005 |
| 44 | 45 | 46 |
| October 14, 2023 |
October 25, 2041 |
November 5, 2059 |
| 47 | 48 | 49 |
| November 15, 2077 |
November 27, 2095 |
December 8, 2113 |
| 50 | 51 | 52 |
| December 19, 2131 |
December 30, 2149 |
January 10, 2168 |
| 53 | ||
| January 20, 2186 | ||
Metonic series
editThe metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.
| 22 eclipse events between March 16, 1866 and August 9, 1953 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| March 16–17 | January 1–3 | October 20–22 | August 9–10 | May 27–29 |
| 108 | 110 | 112 | 114 | 116 |
| March 16, 1866 |
August 9, 1877 |
May 27, 1881 | ||
| 118 | 120 | 122 | 124 | 126 |
| March 16, 1885 |
January 1, 1889 |
October 20, 1892 |
August 9, 1896 |
May 28, 1900 |
| 128 | 130 | 132 | 134 | 136 |
| March 17, 1904 |
January 3, 1908 |
October 22, 1911 |
August 10, 1915 |
May 29, 1919 |
| 138 | 140 | 142 | 144 | 146 |
| March 17, 1923 |
January 3, 1927 |
October 21, 1930 |
August 10, 1934 |
May 29, 1938 |
| 148 | 150 | 152 | 154 | |
| March 16, 1942 |
January 3, 1946 |
October 21, 1949 |
August 9, 1953 | |
Tritos series
editThis eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| June 16, 1806 (Saros 124) |
May 16, 1817 (Saros 125) |
April 14, 1828 (Saros 126) |
March 15, 1839 (Saros 127) |
February 12, 1850 (Saros 128) |
| January 11, 1861 (Saros 129) |
December 12, 1871 (Saros 130) |
November 10, 1882 (Saros 131) |
October 9, 1893 (Saros 132) |
September 9, 1904 (Saros 133) |
| August 10, 1915 (Saros 134) |
July 9, 1926 (Saros 135) |
June 8, 1937 (Saros 136) |
May 9, 1948 (Saros 137) |
April 8, 1959 (Saros 138) |
| March 7, 1970 (Saros 139) |
February 4, 1981 (Saros 140) |
January 4, 1992 (Saros 141) |
December 4, 2002 (Saros 142) |
November 3, 2013 (Saros 143) |
| October 2, 2024 (Saros 144) |
September 2, 2035 (Saros 145) |
August 2, 2046 (Saros 146) |
July 1, 2057 (Saros 147) |
May 31, 2068 (Saros 148) |
| May 1, 2079 (Saros 149) |
March 31, 2090 (Saros 150) |
February 28, 2101 (Saros 151) |
January 29, 2112 (Saros 152) |
December 28, 2122 (Saros 153) |
| November 26, 2133 (Saros 154) |
October 26, 2144 (Saros 155) |
September 26, 2155 (Saros 156) |
August 25, 2166 (Saros 157) |
July 25, 2177 (Saros 158) |
| June 24, 2188 (Saros 159) |
May 24, 2199 (Saros 160) | |||
Inex series
editThis eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||
|---|---|---|
| October 9, 1828 (Saros 131) |
September 18, 1857 (Saros 132) |
August 29, 1886 (Saros 133) |
| August 10, 1915 (Saros 134) |
July 20, 1944 (Saros 135) |
June 30, 1973 (Saros 136) |
| June 10, 2002 (Saros 137) |
May 21, 2031 (Saros 138) |
April 30, 2060 (Saros 139) |
| April 10, 2089 (Saros 140) |
March 22, 2118 (Saros 141) |
March 2, 2147 (Saros 142) |
| February 10, 2176 (Saros 143) |
||
Notes
edit- ^ "August 10–11, 1915 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ "Partial Eclipse of Sun Will Be Seen Here Today". The Honolulu Advertiser. Honolulu, Hawaii. 1915-08-10. p. 7. Retrieved 2023-11-12 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "FINAL 1915 ECLIPSE IS WITH US TODAY: It Will Only Be Annular, However (Whatever That Is)". The Washington Times. Washington, District of Columbia. 1915-08-10. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-11-12 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "SUN DARKENED AT NOONDAY BY FINE ECLIPSE". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Honolulu, Hawaii. 1915-08-10. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-11-12 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 1915 Aug 10". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
- ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 134". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
References
edit- Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
