Augustus Addison Gould (April 23, 1805 – September 15, 1866) was an American naturalist and the foremost conchologist of his era. He described over 1,100 new species of mollusks, including all known mollusks of Massachusetts and the shells collected by two major government exploring expeditions. He was one of the first naturalists in America to recognize the importance of geographic distribution in the description of species.[1]
Augustus Addison Gould | |
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Born | New Ipswich, New Hampshire | April 23, 1805
Died | September 15, 1866 Boston, Massachusetts | (aged 61)
Resting place | Mount Auburn Cemetery |
Alma mater | Harvard College |
Known for | Conchology, Mollusca and Shells, Report on the Invertebrata |
Scientific career | |
Fields | conchology |
Author abbrev. (zoology) | A. A. Gould |
Signature | |
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Biography
editBorn in New Ipswich, New Hampshire, he was the son of music teacher Nathaniel Duren Gould (1781–1864) who was also noted for his penmanship.[2][3]
Physician
editHe graduated from Harvard College in 1825, and took his degree of doctor of medicine in 1830. "Establishing himself in Boston, he devoted himself to the practice of medicine, and finally rose to high professional rank and social position. He became president of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and was employed in editing the vital statistics of the state."[2] In 1848, he was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society.[4] In 1855 he delivered the annual address at the Massachusetts Medical Society, entitled "Search Out the Secrets of Nature." He was its president from 1864 until his death. In 1856, he was appointed visiting physician to the Massachusetts General Hospital.
Naturalist
edit"As a conchologist his reputation was worldwide, and he was one of the pioneers of the science in America. His writings fill many pages of the publications of the Boston Society of Natural History (see vol. xi. p. 197 for a list) and other periodicals. He published with Louis Agassiz the Principles of Zoology (2nd ed. 1851)."[2] He taught botany and zoology at Harvard for two years. When Charles Lyell visited the United States in order to pursue his geological investigations, he immediately sought the aid of Gould as a co-worker.
"Gould edited The terrestrial air-breathing mollusks of the United States, and the adjacent territories of North America – Volume 1 (1851–1855) of Amos Binney (1803–1847). He translated Lamarck's Genera of Shells (1833)."[2]
"The two most important monuments to his scientific work, however, are Mollusca and Shells (vol. xii, 1852) of the United States Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842 under Lieutenant Charles Wilkes, published by the government, and the Report on the Invertebrata published by order of the legislature of Massachusetts in 1841. A second edition of the latter work was authorized in 1865, and published in 1870 after the author's death. In 1860, Gould also reported on shells collected by the North Pacific Exploring and Surveying Expedition."[2]
"Gould was a corresponding member of all the prominent American scientific societies, and of many of those of Europe, including the London Royal Society."[2]
He died in Boston on September 15, 1866, and was buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery.[3]
Notes
edit- ^ Sterling 1997.
- ^ a b c d e f Chisholm 1911
- ^ a b Wyman, Jeffries (April 22, 1903). Biographical memoir of Augustus Addison Gould 1805–1866 (PDF). National Academy of Sciences. pp. 91–113.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
References
edit- Sterling, Keir B., ed. (1997). "Gould, Augustus Addison". Biographical Dictionary of American and Canadian Naturalists and Environmentalists. Greenwood Press.
- Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
- Attribution
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gould, Augustus Addison". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 284. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
External links
edit- Mollusca and Shells by A. A. Gould 1852–1856 at Botanicus.
- Johnson R.I. (1964) - The recent Mollusca of Augustus Addison Gould; Bulletin - United States National Museum vol. 239, 1964