James Harrison (1814–66) was an English architect who worked mainly in Chester, Cheshire. He worked mainly on churches — building new churches, rebuilding old churches, and making amendments and alterations to existing churches. Harrison also designed a number of houses in the Queen's Park area of Chester,[1] and farm buildings on the Bolesworth estate.[2]
![](http://178.128.105.246/cars-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/St_Michael%27s%2C_Chester-2.jpg/300px-St_Michael%27s%2C_Chester-2.jpg)
Harrison and Thomas Mainwaring Penson were the first architects to introduce buildings of the Black-and-white Revival to Chester in the 1850s.[3] His rebuilding of God's Providence House in Watergate Street is described as "the first conservation case in the modern sense".[4]
Key
editGrade | Criteria[5] |
---|---|
I | Buildings of exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally important |
II* | Particularly important buildings of more than special interest |
II | Buildings of national importance and special interest |
Works
editName | Location | Photograph | Date | Notes | Grade |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
St Margaret's Church | Whalley Range, Greater Manchester 53°27′19″N 2°15′37″W / 53.4554°N 2.2603°W |
1848–49 | A new church costing £6,000 (equivalent to £790,000 in 2023),[6] paid for by Samuel Brooks, a banker who was developing the area.[7][8] | II | |
St Michael's Church | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′19″N 2°53′27″W / 53.1887°N 2.8907°W |
1849–50 | Largely rebuilt, but retaining interior fabric from the older church. It closed as a church in 1972–73, and was converted into a heritage centre.[9][10] | II | |
Trustee Savings Bank | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′14″N 2°53′33″W / 53.1871°N 2.8926°W |
1851–53 | Designed in Tudor Gothic style. An extension was added in the 1970s and the building was converted into a restaurant.[11][12][13] | II* | |
Holy Ascension Church | Upton, Chester, Cheshire 53°12′57″N 2°53′16″W / 53.2157°N 2.8879°W |
1853–54 | Built in 14th-century style. Transepts were added in 1958 and 1967.[14][15] | II | |
All Saints Church | Handley, Cheshire 53°06′55″N 2°47′56″W / 53.1154°N 2.7989°W |
1853–55 | The nave was rebuilt in Decorated style, re-using the roof of 1661. The chancel and vestry were added in 1891.[16][17] | II* | |
St Nicholas' Chapel | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′29″N 2°53′27″W / 53.1913°N 2.8909°W |
1854–55 | Harrison converted the former medieval chapel into concert hall. It was later changed to be used as a shop. The site is a Scheduled monument.[18][19][20][21] | II | |
Christ Church | Hough Green, Chester, Cheshire 53°10′47″N 2°54′53″W / 53.1796°N 2.9147°W |
1855 | New church.[22] | II | |
St Deiniol's Church | Hawarden, Flintshire, Wales 53°11′09″N 3°01′33″W / 53.1859°N 3.0258°W |
1855–56 | Restored by Harrison, but badly damaged by fire in 1857.[23][24] | II* | |
Holy Trinity Church | Capenhurst, Cheshire 53°15′26″N 2°56′56″W / 53.2573°N 2.9489°W |
1856–59 | New church. The tower was added in 1889–90 by John Douglas.[25][26] | II | |
St Matthew's School | Buckley, Flintshire | 1857 | Since converted into a private house.[27] | ||
St Andrew's Church | Newgate Street, Chester, Cheshire | 1857–60 | (With J. and J. M. Hay) A Presbyterian church, since closed.[28] | ||
40 Bridge Street | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′21″N 2°53′29″W / 53.1892°N 2.8915°W |
1858 | Substantially rebuilt in Gothic Revival style.[29][30] | II | |
51–53 Bridge Street | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′20″N 2°53′28″W / 53.1890°N 2.8910°W |
1858 | An early example of Black-and-white Revival (vernacular) architecture in Chester.[29][31] | II | |
Haybarn | Tattenhall Hall, Tattenhall, Cheshire 53°07′04″N 2°46′07″W / 53.1179°N 2.7685°W |
1858 | It is the best and the least-altered building on the model farm belonging to the hall. Built for Robert Barbour.[32][33] | II | |
Gate piers and wing walls | Tattenhall Hall, Tattenhall, Cheshire 53°07′07″N 2°46′19″W / 53.1186°N 2.7719°W |
1858 (?) | Built for Robert Barbour.[34] | II | |
St Olave's Church | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′14″N 2°53′24″W / 53.1873°N 2.8899°W |
1859 | A simple church dating from the 11th century, restored by Harrison.[35] | II | |
St Luke's Church | Dunham on the Hill, Cheshire 53°15′07″N 2°47′33″W / 53.2520°N 2.7924°W |
1860–61 | A new church in early 14th-century style.[36][37] | II | |
Church of St Mary-on-the Hill | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′11″N 2°53′28″W / 53.1863°N 2.8911°W |
1861–62 | Renewal of the exterior stonework and rebuilding of the top of the tower. Harrison also designed a memorial in the church to William Currie, who died in 1834.[38][39] | I | |
God's Providence House | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′24″N 2°53′33″W / 53.1901°N 2.8926°W |
1862 | Virtual replacement of a house dating from 1652, using some of the original carved timber.[40][41][42] | II | |
Holy Trinity Church | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′24″N 2°53′41″W / 53.1899°N 2.8946°W |
1865–69 | A new church replacing an older church on the site. Harrison died before it was completed. It is now the Guildhall.[43][44] | II | |
Drill Hall | Chester, Cheshire 53°11′16″N 2°53′19″W / 53.1879°N 2.8887°W |
1868 | Converted into flats during the 20th century.[45][46] | II |
References
edit- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, pp. 283–284.
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, pp. 62, 162.
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 56.
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 214.
- ^ Listed Buildings, Historic England, retrieved 29 March 2015
- ^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017), "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)", MeasuringWorth, retrieved 7 May 2024
- ^ Hartwell, Hyde & Pevsner 2004, pp. 242–43.
- ^ Historic England, "Church of St Margaret, Whalley Range (1254863)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 1 December 2011
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, pp. 242–43.
- ^ Historic England, "Heritage Centre, Chester (1376107)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 30 November 2011
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 261.
- ^ Langtree & Comyns 2001, p. 155.
- ^ Historic England, "Former premises of Trustee Savings Bank, Chester (1376260)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 30 November 2011
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, pp. 277–78.
- ^ Historic England, "Church of the Holy Ascension, Upton-by-Chester (1229986)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 30 November 2011
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 388.
- ^ Historic England, "Church of All Saints, Handley (1230337)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 30 November 2011
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 258.
- ^ Langtree & Comyns 2001, p. 73.
- ^ Historic England, "Numbers 32 and 34 Northgate Street, The Old Music Hall, Chester (1376350)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 30 November 2011
- ^ Historic England, "St Nicholas' Chapel, Chester (1006777)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 30 November 2011
- ^ Historic England, "Church of Christ, Chester (1375856)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 30 November 2011
- ^ Hubbard 1986, pp. 366–368.
- ^ Cadw, "Parish Church of St Deinol (12)", National Historic Assets of Wales, retrieved 2 April 2019
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 201.
- ^ Historic England, "Church of the Holy Trinity, Capenhurst (1130574)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 30 November 2011
- ^ Hubbard 1986, p. 519.
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 244.
- ^ a b Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 260.
- ^ Historic England, "Number 40 Row Number 40 Bridge Street, Chester (1376086)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 30 November 2011
- ^ Historic England, "Number 51 and 53 Bridge Street, Chester (1376097)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 30 November 2011
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 627.
- ^ Historic England, "Haybarn 75 metres south east of Tattenhall Hall (1230261)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 30 November 2011
- ^ Historic England, "Gate piers and wing walls to Tattenhall Hall (1230260)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 30 November 2011
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 243.
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 342.
- ^ Historic England, "Church of St Luke, Dunham on the Hill (1130685)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 30 November 2011
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, pp. 241–242.
- ^ Historic England, "St. Mary's Centre, Chester (1376382)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 30 November 2011
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 264.
- ^ Langtree & Comyns 2001, p. 158.
- ^ Historic England, "Numbers 11 and 11a Row, Gods Providence House, Chester (1376422)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 30 November 2011
- ^ Hartwell et al. 2011, p. 241.
- ^ Historic England, "Guildhall, Chester (1376467)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 30 November 2011
- ^ Langtree & Comyns 2001, pp. 160–161.
- ^ Historic England, "Albion Mews, Chester (1376042)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 30 November 2011
- Bibliography
- Hartwell, Claire; Hyde, Matthew; Hubbard, Edward; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2011) [1971], Cheshire, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-17043-6
- Hartwell, Clare; Hyde, Matthew; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2004), Lancashire: Manchester and the South-East, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-10583-5
- Hubbard, Edward (1986), Clwyd, The Buildings of Wales, London: Penguin, ISBN 0-14-071052-3
- Langtree, Stephen; Comyns, Alan, eds. (2001), 2000 Years of Building: Chester's Architectural Legacy, Chester: Chester Civic Trust, ISBN 0-9540152-0-7