The Mississippi State Senate is the upper house of the Mississippi Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Mississippi. The Senate, along with the lower Mississippi House of Representatives, convenes at the Mississippi State Capitol in Jackson.
Mississippi State Senate | |
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Mississippi Legislature | |
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Type | |
Type | |
Term limits | None |
History | |
New session started | January 2, 2024 |
Leadership | |
President Pro Tempore | |
Minority Leader | |
Structure | |
Seats | 52 |
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Political groups |
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Length of term | 4 years |
Authority | Article IV, Mississippi Constitution |
Salary | $10,000/year + per diem |
Elections | |
Last election | November 7, 2023 (52 seats) |
Next election | November 2, 2027 (52 seats) |
Redistricting | Legislative Control |
Meeting place | |
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State Senate Chamber Mississippi State Capitol Jackson, Mississippi | |
Website | |
Mississippi State Senate | |
Rules | |
Senate Rules |
The Senate is composed of 52 senators representing an equal number of constituent districts, with 56,947 people per district (2020 census). In the current legislative session, the Republican Party holds 36 seats while the Democratic Party holds 16 seats, creating a Republican trifecta in the state government.
The Senate can confirm or reject gubernatorial appointments to the state cabinet, commissions, and boards and can create and amend bills.
Membership, terms and elections
editAccording to the current Mississippi Constitution, the Senate is to be composed of no more than 52 members elected for four-year terms with no term limits.[1] Districts are reapportioned to reflect population changes, and per the 2020 census, each district has about 56,947 people.[2][3] To qualify for election, candidates must be at least 25 years old, a qualified elector of the state for the past four years, and be a resident of the district or county they are running to represent for the past two years.[4] All candidates must pay either a $250 fee to their state party executive committee or to the Mississippi Secretary of State if they are running as an independent. Independent candidates must collect 50 signatures to run.[4] Elections to the Senate are held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November during the state general elections.[5]
If a vacancy occurs in the Senate before June 1, the governor must order an election within 30 days after the vacancy and give a 40-day notice to the appropriate counties where the seat is located. No special election occurs if the vacancy happens after June 1.[6]
Powers and process
editThe state legislature is constitutionally-mandated to meet for 125 days every four years at the start of a new term and 90 days in other years.[2][7] The Senate reconvenes on a yearly basis on the Tuesday after the first Monday in January.[2] While the Mississippi House of Representatives can extend its sessions, the Senate cannot.[7]
The Senate has the authority to determine rules of its own proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and expel a member with a two-thirds vote of its membership.[8] A majority in the Senate establishes a quorum, though less members can adjourn,[9] though not for more than 3 days without the House's consent.[10] Bills can originate in the Senate and must undergo three readings in each house, unless two-thirds of the house dispenses with the rules.[11] Amendments to bills must be approved by both houses.[12] The Senate, in conjunction with the Mississippi House of Representatives, draws and approves both congressional and district boundaries. The congressional boundaries can be vetoed by the governor, while the district boundaries, created by a joint resolution between both houses, cannot be vetoed by the governor.[13]
The governor has the power to veto legislation, but legislators can override the veto with a two-thirds decision.[14] The Senate tries all impeachments referred to it by the House of Representatives.[15] All gubernatorial appointments are subject to approval of the Senate.[16]
Leadership
editThe President of the Senate is Mississippi Lieutenant Governor Delbert Hosemann, who is Republican. The President pro tempore is Republican Dean Kirby.[17] The Minority Leader is Democrat Derrick Simmons.[18]
The Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi serves as the President of the Senate[19] and has the sole ability to appoint the chairmanships or vice chairmanships of various Senate committees, regardless of party size.[20] They can only cast a legislative vote if required to break a tie.[19] In his or her absence, the President Pro Tempore presides over the Senate.[21] The President Pro Tempore is elected by a majority of senators present, with following elections for the senate secretary, seargent-at-arms, and a doorkeeper.[22] The President Pro Tempore chairs the Senate Rules Committee, oversees the day-to-day operations of the Senate staff, and assumes the responsibilities of the president in their absence.[23]
Party composition
editAffiliation | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
|
Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Republican | Vacant | ||
End of previous legislature (2023) | 16 | 36 | 52 | 0 |
Start of current legislature (2024) | 16 | 36 | 52 | 0 |
Latest voting share | 30.8% | 69.2% |
Although the Democratic Party retained their majority in the Senate after the 2003 general election, a party switch by Democratic Senator James Shannon Walley of Leakesville in January 2007 threw control of the chamber to the Republicans.[24] Because the Lieutenant Governor Amy Tuck was a Republican, this gave Republicans control of the Senate for the first time since Reconstruction and a de facto majority only on a tie vote.[25] In the November 6, 2007 statewide elections, Democrats won back control of the chamber,[26] however party switches from Senators Nolan Mettetal in February 2008 and Cindy Hyde-Smith in December 2010 gave the Republicans a de facto majority, with Lieutenant Governor Phil Bryant holding the tiebreaker vote.[27][28] After another party switch in February 2011, the Republicans expanded their majority to 27–24, with one vacancy.[29]
As of 2024, the Mississippi Senate has 36 Republican members and 16 Democratic members.[30]
Members of the Mississippi Senate (2024–2028)
editDistrict | Name | Party | Assumed Office | Counties Represented | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Michael McLendon | Rep | 2020 | DeSoto | |
2 | David Parker | Rep | 2013 | DeSoto | |
3 | Kathy Chism | Rep | 2020 | Benton, Marshall, Pontotoc, Prentiss, Union | |
4 | Rita Potts Parks | Rep | 2012 | Alcorn, Tippah | |
5 | Daniel Sparks | Rep | 2020 | Itawamba, Prentiss, Tishomingo | |
6 | Chad McMahan | Rep | 2016 | Lee | |
7 | Hob Bryan | Dem | 1984 | Itawamba, Lee, Monroe | |
8 | Benjamin Suber | Rep | 2020 | Calhoun, Chickasaw, Lafayette, Pontotoc, Yalobusha | |
9 | Nicole Akins Boyd | Rep | 2020 | Lafayette, Panola | |
10 | Neil Whaley | Rep | 2018 | Lafayette, Marshall, Tate, Union | |
11 | Reginald Jackson | Dem | 2024 | Coahoma, DeSoto, Quitman, Tate, Tunica | |
12 | Derrick Simmons | Dem | 2011 | Bolivar, Coahoma, Washington | |
13 | Sarita Simmons | Dem | 2020 | Bolivar, Sunflower, Tallahatchie | |
14 | Lydia Chassaniol | Rep | 2007 | Attala, Carroll, Grenada, Leflore, Montgomery | |
15 | Bart Williams | Rep | 2020 | Choctaw, Montgomery, Oktibbeha, Webster | |
16 | Angela Turner-Ford | Dem | 2013 | Clay, Lowndes, Noxubee, Oktibbeha | |
17 | Charles Younger | Rep | 2014 | Lowndes, Monroe, Oktibbeha | |
18 | Jenifer Branning | Rep | 2016 | Leake, Neshoba, Winston | |
19 | Kevin Blackwell | Rep | 2016 | DeSoto | |
20 | Josh Harkins | Rep | 2012 | Rankin | |
21 | Bradford Blackmon | Dem | 2024 | Attala, Holmes, Leake, Madison | |
22 | Joseph C. Thomas | Dem | 2020 | Humphreys, Madison, Sharkey, Yazoo | Previously served from 2004–2008 |
23 | Briggs Hopson | Rep | 2008 | Issaquena, Madison, Warren, Yazoo | |
24 | David Lee Jordan | Dem | 1993 | Leflore, Panola, Tallahatchie | |
25 | J. Walter Michel | Rep | 2016 | Hinds, Madison | Previously served from 1999–2011 |
26 | John Horhn | Dem | 1993 | Hinds, Madison | |
27 | Hillman Terome Frazier | Dem | 1993 | Hinds | |
28 | Sollie Norwood | Dem | 2013 | Hinds | |
29 | David Blount | Dem | 2008 | Hinds | |
30 | Dean Kirby | Rep | 1992 | Rankin | |
31 | Tyler McCaughn | Rep | 2020 | Lauderdale, Newton, Rankin, Scott | |
32 | Rod Hickman | Dem | 2021 | Kemper, Lauderdale, Noxubee, Winston | |
33 | Jeff Tate | Rep | 2020 | Clarke, Lauderdale | |
34 | Juan Barnett | Dem | 2016 | Forrest, Jasper, Jones | |
35 | Andy Berry | Rep | 2024 | Copiah, Jefferson Davis, Lawrence, Simpson | |
36 | Brian Rhodes | Rep | 2024 | Rankin, Smith | |
37 | Albert Butler | Dem | 2010 | Adams, Claiborne, Copiah, Franklin, Hinds, Jefferson | Represented district 36 prior to 2024 |
38 | Gary Brumfield | Dem | 2024 | Adams, Amite, Pike, Walthall, Wilkinson | |
39 | Jason Barrett | Rep | 2020 | Amite, Franklin, Lawrence, Lincoln, Pike | |
40 | Angela Burks Hill | Rep | 2012 | Pearl River, Stone | |
41 | Joey Fillingane | Rep | 2007 | Covington, Lamar, Marion, Walthall | |
42 | Robin Robinson | Rep | 2024 | Forrest, Greene, Jones, Wayne | |
43 | Dennis DeBar | Rep | 2016 | George, Greene, Wayne | |
44 | John A. Polk | Rep | 2012 | Lamar | |
45 | Chris Johnson | Rep | 2020 | Forrest, Perry | |
46 | Philman Ladner | Rep | 2024 | Hancock, Harrison | |
47 | Mike Seymour | Rep | 2016 | Harrison, Jackson, Stone | |
48 | Mike Thompson | Rep | 2020 | Hancock, Harrison | |
49 | Joel Carter | Rep | 2018 | Harrison | |
50 | Scott DeLano | Rep | 2020 | Harrison | |
51 | Jeremy England | Rep | 2020 | Jackson | |
52 | Brice Wiggins | Rep | 2012 | Jackson |
Past composition of the Senate
editList of presidents pro tempore
editSince 1833 the Senate has had 53 Presidents pro tempore:[31]
Name | County/District | Term of service | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Charles Lynch | 1833–1834 | ||
2 | Parmenas Briscoe | Claiborne | 1834–1836 | |
3 | W. Van Norman | 1836–1837 | ||
4 | Alexander McNutt | 1837–1838 | ||
5 | Adam Lewis Bingaman | 1838–1840 | ||
6 | George Baldwin Augustus | Noxubee | 1840–1842 | |
7 | Jesse Speight | 1842–1843 | ||
8 | George T. Swann | 1846–1848 | ||
9 | Dabney Lipscomb | Lowndes | 1848–1851 | |
10 | James Whitfield | 1851–1854 | ||
11 | John J. Pettus | 1854–1858 | ||
12 | James Drane | 1858–1865 | ||
13 | John M. Simonton | 1865–1869 | ||
14 | William M. Hancock | 1870–1872 | ||
15 | Joseph Bennett | 1872 | ||
16 | Finis H. Little | 1872–1875 | ||
17 | John Marshall Stone | 1875–1876 | ||
18 | William H. Sims | Lowndes, Oktibbeha, Clay | 1876–1878 | |
19 | Reuben O. Reynolds | Monroe, Chickasaw | 1878–1888 | |
20 | J. P. Walker | 1888–1890 | ||
21 | Robert Aaron Dean | 7th | 1890–1896 | |
22 | James T. Harrison | 25th | 1896–1900 | |
23 | J. R. Densmore | 1900–1904 | ||
24 | E. H. Moore | 1904–1908 | ||
25 | John L. Hebron Jr. | 1908–1912 | ||
26 | Albert C. Anderson | 36th | 1912–1916 | |
27 | Carroll Kendrick | 37th | 1916–1920 | |
28 | John Fatheree | 1920–1924 | ||
29 | Mark Perrin Lowrey Love | 42nd | 1924–1928 | |
30 | Homer Casteel[32] | 18th | 1928–1932 | |
31 | W. C. Adams | 37th | 1932–1936 | |
32 | John Culkin | 1936–1940 | ||
33 | W. B. Roberts | 30th | 1940 | |
34 | Oscar O. Wolfe Jr. | 30th | 1941–1952 | |
35 | James Orville Clark | 37th | 1952–1956 | |
36 | Earl Evans Jr. | 18th | 1956–1960 | |
37 | George Yarbrough | 1960–1968 | ||
38 | Merle F. Palmer | 1968–1971 | ||
39 | Marion Smith | 1971–1972 | ||
40 | B. G. Perry | 1972–1976 | ||
41 | William B. Alexander | 12th | 1976–1984 | |
42 | Thomas Norman Brooks | 1984–1985 | ||
43 | Glen Deweese | 33rd | 1986–1992 | |
44 | Ollie Mohamed | 21st | 1992–1994 | |
45 | Pud Graham | 1994–1996 | ||
46 | Tommy Gollott | 50th | 1996–2000 | |
47 | Travis Little | 2000–2008 | ||
48 | Billy Hewes | 2008–2012 | ||
49 | Terry W. Brown | 2012–2015 | ||
50 | Giles Ward | 18th | 2015–2016 | |
51 | Terry C. Burton | 31st | 2016–2019 | |
52 | Gray Tollison | 9th | 2019–2020 | |
53 | Dean Kirby | 30th | 2020–Present |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Article 12, Section 254 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
- ^ a b c Watson, Michael (2021). "Legislature" (PDF). Mississippi Blue Book 2020-2024. Mississippi Secretary of State.
- ^ "Mississippi’s Population Declined 0.2%". Census.gov. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
- ^ a b Watson, Michael (2021). "Elections" (PDF). 2020-2024 Mississippi Blue Book. Mississippi Secretary of State.
- ^ Article 4, Section 102 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
- ^ MS Code § 23-15-851 (2013)
- ^ a b Article 4, Section 36 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
- ^ Article 4, Section 55 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
- ^ Article 4, Section 54 of the Constitution of Mississippi (Constitution)
- ^ Article 4, Section 57 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
- ^ Article 4, Section 59 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
- ^ Article 4, Section 60 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
- ^ "Mississippi - All About Redistricting". All About Redistricting. Loyola Law School. June 18, 2020. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
- ^ Article 4, Section 72 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
- ^ Article 4, Section 49 of the Constitution of Mississippi (Constitution)
- ^ Mississippi Code § 7-1-35
- ^ "Dean Kirby elected Senate president pro tempore". WJTV. Jackson. January 7, 2020. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
- ^ Criss, Jack (October 10, 2022). "Senator Derrick Simmons". Delta Business Journal. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
- ^ a b Article 5, Section 129 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
- ^ Harrison, Bobby (April 7, 2019). "Lieutenant governor's power derives from senators; lawmaker says chamber must take back its authority". Mississippi Today. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
- ^ Article 4, Section 39 of the Constitution of Mississippi (1890)
- ^ MS Code § 5-1-15 (2013)
- ^ Harrison, Bobby (January 2, 2024). "Dean Kirby elected to second term as Senate's second-in-command". Mississippi Today. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
- ^ "Leakesville state rep switches parties". WDAM. January 15, 2007. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
- ^ Pender, Geoff (January 12, 2007). "State Senate numbers are equal: GOP, Dems even after Walley switch". The Sun Herald. p. 2.
- ^ Taggart, Andy; Nash, Jere (November 11, 2007). "The 2008 Mississippi Legislature: Is it 'back to the future?'". Clarion-Ledger. p. 59.
- ^ "State Sen. Mettetal joins Republican Party". The Natchez Democrat. January 30, 2008. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
- ^ "Sen. Hyde-Smith joins Republicans". Daily Leader. December 29, 2010. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
- ^ Farrell, David A. (February 25, 2011). "Lee switches parties". The Picayune Item. pp. 1, 3.
- ^ "Mississippi Election Results". The New York Times. November 7, 2023. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
- ^ Watson, Michael (2021). "Historical and Statistical Information" (PDF). 2020-2024 Statistical Register. Mississippi Secretary of State.
- ^ Mississippi. Legislature (January 1, 1928). "Hand book : biographical data of members of Senate and House, personnel of standing committees [1928]". Mississippi Legislature Hand Books.