A total solar eclipse will occur at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Saturday, April 19 and Sunday, April 20, 2042,[1] with a magnitude of 1.0614. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only about 21 hours after perigee (on April 19, 2042, at 5:25 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.[2]
| Solar eclipse of April 20, 2042 | |
|---|---|
 Map | |
| Type of eclipse | |
| Nature | Total |
| Gamma | 0.2956 |
| Magnitude | 1.0614 |
| Maximum eclipse | |
| Duration | 291 s (4 min 51 s) |
| Coordinates | 27°00′N 137°18′E / 27°N 137.3°E |
| Max. width of band | 210 km (130 mi) |
| Times (UTC) | |
| Greatest eclipse | 2:17:30 |
| References | |
| Saros | 139 (31 of 71) |
| Catalog # (SE5000) | 9601 |
The path of totality will be visible from parts of western Indonesia (particularly Sumatra), eastern Malaysia, Brunei and the Philippines. A partial solar eclipse will be visible for parts of South Asia, Southeast Asia, northern Australia, East Asia, Northeast Asia, Hawaii, and northwestern North America.
Images
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Eclipse details
editShown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[3]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 2042 April 19 at 23:41:45.0 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 2042 April 20 at 00:37:26.5 UTC |
| First Central Line | 2042 April 20 at 00:38:41.2 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 2042 April 20 at 00:39:55.9 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 2042 April 20 at 01:40:21.0 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 2042 April 20 at 02:17:30.1 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 2042 April 20 at 02:20:31.9 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 2042 April 20 at 02:21:20.1 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 2042 April 20 at 02:32:33.0 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 2042 April 20 at 02:54:18.5 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 2042 April 20 at 03:54:56.1 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 2042 April 20 at 03:56:09.9 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 2042 April 20 at 03:57:23.7 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 2042 April 20 at 04:53:11.4 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.06144 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.12666 |
| Gamma | 0.29559 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 01h52m12.4s |
| Sun Declination | +11°31'19.4" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'55.3" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.8" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 01h51m39.9s |
| Moon Declination | +11°47'27.9" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'37.6" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 1°01'01.4" |
| ΔT | 79.8 s |
Eclipse season
editThis eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| April 5 Descending node (full moon) |
April 20 Ascending node (new moon) |
|---|---|
| Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 113 |
Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 139 |
Related eclipses
editEclipses in 2042
edit- A penumbral lunar eclipse on April 5.
- A total solar eclipse on April 20.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on September 29.
- An annular solar eclipse on October 14.
Metonic
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 2, 2038
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of February 5, 2046
Tzolkinex
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of March 9, 2035
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of May 31, 2049
Half-Saros
edit- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of April 14, 2033
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of April 26, 2051
Tritos
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of May 21, 2031
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of March 20, 2053
Solar Saros 139
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of April 8, 2024
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of April 30, 2060
Inex
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of May 10, 2013
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of March 31, 2071
Triad
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of June 20, 1955
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of February 18, 2129
Solar eclipses of 2040–2043
editThis eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[4]
| Solar eclipse series sets from 2040 to 2043 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 119 | May 11, 2040 Partial |
−1.2529 | 124 | November 4, 2040 Partial |
1.0993 | |
| 129 | April 30, 2041 Total |
−0.4492 | 134 | October 25, 2041 Annular |
0.4133 | |
| 139 | April 20, 2042 Total |
0.2956 | 144 | October 14, 2042 Annular |
−0.303 | |
| 149 | April 9, 2043 Total (non-central) |
1.0031 | 154 | October 3, 2043 Annular (non-central) |
1.0102 | |
Saros 139
editThis eclipse is a part of Saros series 139, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on May 17, 1501. It contains hybrid eclipses from August 11, 1627 through December 9, 1825 and total eclipses from December 21, 1843 through March 26, 2601. There are no annular eclipses in this set. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on July 3, 2763. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 61 at 7 minutes, 29.22 seconds on July 16, 2186. This date is the longest solar eclipse computed between 4000 BC and AD 6000.[5] All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[6]
| Series members 18–39 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 18 | 19 | 20 |
| November 29, 1807 |
December 9, 1825 |
December 21, 1843 |
| 21 | 22 | 23 |
| December 31, 1861 |
January 11, 1880 |
January 22, 1898 |
| 24 | 25 | 26 |
| February 3, 1916 |
February 14, 1934 |
February 25, 1952 |
| 27 | 28 | 29 |
| March 7, 1970 |
March 18, 1988 |
March 29, 2006 |
| 30 | 31 | 32 |
| April 8, 2024 |
April 20, 2042 |
April 30, 2060 |
| 33 | 34 | 35 |
| May 11, 2078 |
May 22, 2096 |
June 3, 2114 |
| 36 | 37 | 38 |
| June 13, 2132 |
June 25, 2150 |
July 5, 2168 |
| 39 | ||
| July 16, 2186 | ||
Metonic series
editThe metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.
| 21 eclipse events between July 1, 2000 and July 1, 2076 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 1–2 | April 19–20 | February 5–7 | November 24–25 | September 12–13 |
| 117 | 119 | 121 | 123 | 125 |
| July 1, 2000 |
April 19, 2004 |
February 7, 2008 |
November 25, 2011 |
September 13, 2015 |
| 127 | 129 | 131 | 133 | 135 |
| July 2, 2019 |
April 20, 2023 |
February 6, 2027 |
November 25, 2030 |
September 12, 2034 |
| 137 | 139 | 141 | 143 | 145 |
| July 2, 2038 |
April 20, 2042 |
February 5, 2046 |
November 25, 2049 |
September 12, 2053 |
| 147 | 149 | 151 | 153 | 155 |
| July 1, 2057 |
April 20, 2061 |
February 5, 2065 |
November 24, 2068 |
September 12, 2072 |
| 157 | ||||
| July 1, 2076 | ||||
Tritos series
editThis eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| March 4, 1802 (Saros 117) |
February 1, 1813 (Saros 118) |
January 1, 1824 (Saros 119) |
November 30, 1834 (Saros 120) |
October 30, 1845 (Saros 121) |
| September 29, 1856 (Saros 122) |
August 29, 1867 (Saros 123) |
July 29, 1878 (Saros 124) |
June 28, 1889 (Saros 125) |
May 28, 1900 (Saros 126) |
| April 28, 1911 (Saros 127) |
March 28, 1922 (Saros 128) |
February 24, 1933 (Saros 129) |
January 25, 1944 (Saros 130) |
December 25, 1954 (Saros 131) |
| November 23, 1965 (Saros 132) |
October 23, 1976 (Saros 133) |
September 23, 1987 (Saros 134) |
August 22, 1998 (Saros 135) |
July 22, 2009 (Saros 136) |
| June 21, 2020 (Saros 137) |
May 21, 2031 (Saros 138) |
April 20, 2042 (Saros 139) |
March 20, 2053 (Saros 140) |
February 17, 2064 (Saros 141) |
| January 16, 2075 (Saros 142) |
December 16, 2085 (Saros 143) |
November 15, 2096 (Saros 144) |
October 16, 2107 (Saros 145) |
September 15, 2118 (Saros 146) |
| August 15, 2129 (Saros 147) |
July 14, 2140 (Saros 148) |
June 14, 2151 (Saros 149) |
May 14, 2162 (Saros 150) |
April 12, 2173 (Saros 151) |
| March 12, 2184 (Saros 152) |
February 10, 2195 (Saros 153) | |||
Inex series
editThis eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||
|---|---|---|
| September 28, 1810 (Saros 131) |
September 7, 1839 (Saros 132) |
August 18, 1868 (Saros 133) |
| July 29, 1897 (Saros 134) |
July 9, 1926 (Saros 135) |
June 20, 1955 (Saros 136) |
| May 30, 1984 (Saros 137) |
May 10, 2013 (Saros 138) |
April 20, 2042 (Saros 139) |
| March 31, 2071 (Saros 140) |
March 10, 2100 (Saros 141) |
February 18, 2129 (Saros 142) |
| January 30, 2158 (Saros 143) |
January 9, 2187 (Saros 144) |
|
References
edit- ^ "April 19–20, 2042 Total Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
- ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
- ^ "Total Solar Eclipse of 2042 Apr 20". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
- ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
- ^ Ten Millennium Catalog of Long Solar Eclipses, −3999 to +6000 (4000 BCE to 6000 CE) Fred Espenak.
- ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 139". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
