An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Thursday, September 1, 2016,[1][2][3][4] with a magnitude of 0.9736. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 5.4 days before apogee (on September 6, 2016, at 19:45 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[5]
| Solar eclipse of September 1, 2016 | |
|---|---|
 From L'Étang-Salé, Réunion | |
 Map | |
| Type of eclipse | |
| Nature | Annular |
| Gamma | −0.333 |
| Magnitude | 0.9736 |
| Maximum eclipse | |
| Duration | 186 s (3 min 6 s) |
| Coordinates | 10°42′S 37°48′E / 10.7°S 37.8°E |
| Max. width of band | 100 km (62 mi) |
| Times (UTC) | |
| Greatest eclipse | 9:08:02 |
| References | |
| Saros | 135 (39 of 71) |
| Catalog # (SE5000) | 9544 |
Annularity was visible from parts of Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Mozambique, Madagascar, and Réunion. A partial eclipse was visible for most of Africa and parts of Antarctica.
Visibility
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Animated Path
Images
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Composition images from L'Étang-Salé, Réunion
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Annularity progression from Les Avirons, Réunion
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Partial from Walvis Bay, Namibia, 7:15 UTC
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From Kalemie, DR Congo, 7:46 UTC
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Partial from Port Elizabeth, South Africa, 9:35 UTC
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Partial from Jakarta, Indonesia, 10:33 UTC
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Eclipse details
editShown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[6]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 2016 September 01 at 06:14:16.4 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 2016 September 01 at 07:18:57.7 UTC |
| First Central Line | 2016 September 01 at 07:20:21.3 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 2016 September 01 at 07:21:45.1 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact | 2016 September 01 at 08:34:59.5 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 2016 September 01 at 09:04:14.2 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 2016 September 01 at 09:06:18.1 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 2016 September 01 at 09:08:02.0 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 2016 September 01 at 09:19:12.7 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact | 2016 September 01 at 09:40:44.7 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 2016 September 01 at 10:54:08.6 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 2016 September 01 at 10:55:35.3 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 2016 September 01 at 10:57:01.8 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 2016 September 01 at 12:01:48.6 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 0.97362 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 0.94794 |
| Gamma | −0.33301 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 10h43m43.3s |
| Sun Declination | +08°03'38.0" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'51.0" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.7" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 10h43m22.2s |
| Moon Declination | +07°45'51.0" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 15'12.4" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°55'48.6" |
| ΔT | 68.3 s |
Eclipse season
editThis eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.
| August 18 Descending node (full moon) |
September 1 Ascending node (new moon) |
September 16 Descending node (full moon) |
|---|---|---|
| Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 109 |
Annular solar eclipse Solar Saros 135 |
Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 147 |
Related eclipses
editEclipses in 2016
edit- A total solar eclipse on March 9.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on March 23.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on August 18.
- An annular solar eclipse on September 1.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on September 16.
Metonic
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 13, 2012
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 21, 2020
Tzolkinex
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 14, 2023
Half-Saros
edit- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of August 28, 2007
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 7, 2025
Tritos
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 3, 2005
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 2, 2027
Solar Saros 135
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 22, 1998
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 12, 2034
Inex
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 23, 1987
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 12, 2045
Triad
edit- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 1, 1929
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 4, 2103
Solar eclipses of 2015–2018
editThis eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[7]
The partial solar eclipse on July 13, 2018 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 2015 to 2018 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descending node | Ascending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 120 Totality in Longyearbyen, Svalbard |
March 20, 2015 Total |
0.94536 | 125 Solar Dynamics Observatory |
September 13, 2015 Partial |
−1.10039 | |
| 130 Balikpapan, Indonesia |
March 9, 2016 Total |
0.26092 | 135 Annularity in L'Étang-Salé, Réunion |
September 1, 2016 Annular |
−0.33301 | |
| 140 Partial from Buenos Aires, Argentina |
February 26, 2017 Annular |
−0.45780 | 145 Totality in Madras, OR, USA |
August 21, 2017 Total |
0.43671 | |
| 150 Partial in Olivos, Buenos Aires, Argentina |
February 15, 2018 Partial |
−1.21163 | 155 Partial in Huittinen, Finland |
August 11, 2018 Partial |
1.14758 | |
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Saros 135
editThis eclipse is a part of Saros series 135, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on July 5, 1331. It contains annular eclipses from October 21, 1511 through February 24, 2305; hybrid eclipses on March 8, 2323 and March 18, 2341; and total eclipses from March 29, 2359 through May 22, 2449. The series ends at member 71 as a partial eclipse on August 17, 2593. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
The longest duration of annularity was produced by member 16 at 10 minutes, 41 seconds on December 24, 1601, and the longest duration of totality will be produced by member 62 at 2 minutes, 27 seconds on May 12, 2431. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit.[8]
| Series members 28–49 occur between 1801 and 2200: | ||
|---|---|---|
| 28 | 29 | 30 |
| May 5, 1818 |
May 15, 1836 |
May 26, 1854 |
| 31 | 32 | 33 |
| June 6, 1872 |
June 17, 1890 |
June 28, 1908 |
| 34 | 35 | 36 |
| July 9, 1926 |
July 20, 1944 |
July 31, 1962 |
| 37 | 38 | 39 |
| August 10, 1980 |
August 22, 1998 |
September 1, 2016 |
| 40 | 42 | 42 |
| September 12, 2034 |
September 22, 2052 |
October 4, 2070 |
| 43 | 44 | 45 |
| October 14, 2088 |
October 26, 2106 |
November 6, 2124 |
| 46 | 47 | 48 |
| November 17, 2142 |
November 27, 2160 |
December 9, 2178 |
| 49 | ||
| December 19, 2196 | ||
Metonic series
editThe metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.
| 21 eclipse events between June 21, 1982 and June 21, 2058 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| June 21 | April 8–9 | January 26 | November 13–14 | September 1–2 |
| 117 | 119 | 121 | 123 | 125 |
| June 21, 1982 |
April 9, 1986 |
January 26, 1990 |
November 13, 1993 |
September 2, 1997 |
| 127 | 129 | 131 | 133 | 135 |
| June 21, 2001 |
April 8, 2005 |
January 26, 2009 |
November 13, 2012 |
September 1, 2016 |
| 137 | 139 | 141 | 143 | 145 |
| June 21, 2020 |
April 8, 2024 |
January 26, 2028 |
November 14, 2031 |
September 2, 2035 |
| 147 | 149 | 151 | 153 | 155 |
| June 21, 2039 |
April 9, 2043 |
January 26, 2047 |
November 14, 2050 |
September 2, 2054 |
| 157 | ||||
| June 21, 2058 | ||||
Tritos series
editThis eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 14, 1809 (Saros 116) |
March 14, 1820 (Saros 117) |
February 12, 1831 (Saros 118) |
January 11, 1842 (Saros 119) |
December 11, 1852 (Saros 120) |
| November 11, 1863 (Saros 121) |
October 10, 1874 (Saros 122) |
September 8, 1885 (Saros 123) |
August 9, 1896 (Saros 124) |
July 10, 1907 (Saros 125) |
| June 8, 1918 (Saros 126) |
May 9, 1929 (Saros 127) |
April 7, 1940 (Saros 128) |
March 7, 1951 (Saros 129) |
February 5, 1962 (Saros 130) |
| January 4, 1973 (Saros 131) |
December 4, 1983 (Saros 132) |
November 3, 1994 (Saros 133) |
October 3, 2005 (Saros 134) |
September 1, 2016 (Saros 135) |
| August 2, 2027 (Saros 136) |
July 2, 2038 (Saros 137) |
May 31, 2049 (Saros 138) |
April 30, 2060 (Saros 139) |
March 31, 2071 (Saros 140) |
| February 27, 2082 (Saros 141) |
January 27, 2093 (Saros 142) |
December 29, 2103 (Saros 143) |
November 27, 2114 (Saros 144) |
October 26, 2125 (Saros 145) |
| September 26, 2136 (Saros 146) |
August 26, 2147 (Saros 147) |
July 25, 2158 (Saros 148) |
June 25, 2169 (Saros 149) |
May 24, 2180 (Saros 150) |
| April 23, 2191 (Saros 151) | ||||
Inex series
editThis eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | ||
|---|---|---|
| January 21, 1814 (Saros 128) |
December 31, 1842 (Saros 129) |
December 12, 1871 (Saros 130) |
| November 22, 1900 (Saros 131) |
November 1, 1929 (Saros 132) |
October 12, 1958 (Saros 133) |
| September 23, 1987 (Saros 134) |
September 1, 2016 (Saros 135) |
August 12, 2045 (Saros 136) |
| July 24, 2074 (Saros 137) |
July 4, 2103 (Saros 138) |
June 13, 2132 (Saros 139) |
| May 25, 2161 (Saros 140) |
May 4, 2190 (Saros 141) |
|
Notes
edit- ^ "September 1, 2016 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ^ Wall, Mike (August 31, 2016). "See a 'Ring of Fire' Annular Solar Eclipse Thursday Via Slooh Webcast". Space.com.
- ^ "'Ring of fire' eclipse for African stargazers". phys.org.
- ^ Bowerman, Mary. "Stunning images of 'Ring of Fire' eclipse over Africa". USA TODAY.
- ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 2016 Sep 01". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
- ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 135". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
