ne
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Page categories
Translingual
editSymbol
editne
English
editPronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /nə/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
Etymology 1
editFrom Middle English ne, from Old English ne, from Proto-West Germanic *ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Cognates include Gothic 𐌽𐌹 (ni), Latin nē, Sanskrit न (na), Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian and Russian не (ne), Lithuanian ne, Irish ní.
Adverb
editne (not comparable)
- (obsolete) Not.
- c1500, Melusine (translation):
- For she ne dare doo, but to commande.
- 1512, Robert Copland, The History of Helyas, Knight of The Swan[1]:
- And whan the good quene herde these pyteous tydynges lytel lacked that the ne dyed for sorowe / wherfore all lamentably the began to complayne her sayenge.
- c1520, Andria by Terence (translation):
- This shold haue bene his skuce at the lest / And it ne had bene but good & honest.
- c1520, Andria by Terence (translation):
- O so incessaunt thow ad in thy desyre / For so that thow thy mynde now mayst haue / Thow ne caryst what thow dost requyre.
- 1550, The Mirror for Magistrates:
- For he ne had, nor could increase his line.
- 1562, Arthur Brooke, The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet:
- In geving me to him whom I ne can, ne may, ne ought to love.
- 1576, William Lambarde, A perambulation of Kent[2]:
- Mary (quoth the king) so might me mine, ne haddest thou been Earle Godwine: casting in his dish the murder of his brother Alfred, which was done to death at Elie by the Counsell of Godwine.
- 1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], The Shepheardes Calender: […], London: […] Hugh Singleton, […], →OCLC:
- Ne durst again his fieri face out-show.
- 1587, George Gascoigne, Francis Kinwelmershe, Jocasta:
- Ioc: How can that be and thou my ioy in warre? Po: Henceforth n'am I your ioy ne yet your sonne.
- c. 1590, William Fowler, The Works of William Fowler[3]:
- What happs might chance me I ne knewe.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, “(please specify the book)”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
- His forces faile, ne can no lenger fight.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, “(please specify the book)”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
- As when a ship, that flyes faire vnder saile, / An hidden rocke escaped hath vnwares, / That lay in waite her wrack for to bewaile, / The Marriner yet halfe amazed stares / At perill past, and yet it doubt ne dares / To ioy at his foole-happie ouersight.
- 1591, John Phillip, A Commemoration on the Life and Death of the Right Honourable, Sir Christopher Hatton:
- And now sweete death most welcome vnto mee, thy stroakes ne can, ne shall me once dismay.
- 1592, Robert Greene, A Looking Glass for London:
- And twenty thousand infants that ne wot the right hand from the left.
- 1607, Thomas Walkington, The Optick Glasse of Humors[4]:
- But when he spoke, his plenteous words did flow / Like to thick-falling flakes of winter snow, / Ne any couth his wit so hiely straine.
- 1614, John Davies of Hereford, Eclogue Between Young Willy the SInger of His Native Pastorals, and Old Wernocke His Friend[5]:
- Now, siker ( Wernocke ) thou hast split the marke / Albe that I ne wot I han mis-song: / But, for I am so yong, I dread my warke / Woll be misualued both of old and yong.
- 1812, Lord Byron, Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, Canto I, 2:
- Whilom in Albion's isle there dwelt a youth, / Who ne in virtue's ways did take delight [...].
- c1500, Melusine (translation):
Conjunction
editne
- (obsolete) Nor.
- 1484, Original Letters, King Edward the Fifth, under the direction of his Uncle, to Otes Gilbert, Esq., commanding him to receive Knighthood at the expected Coronation[6]:
- That than I shall not geve therunto faith ne credence, nor therfore put them to any maner ponyssement, before that they or any of them so accused may be at their lawful defence and answer.
- 1489, The gouernayle of helthe[7]:
- And therin is no drede nor bytternes ne expences, but therin is pure recreacyon of body and of soule soo it be donn in clene places.
- 1489, The gouernayle of helthe[8]:
- Be not to hasty ne sodenly vengeable, to poure folke doo no vyolence.
- 1489, The gouernayle of helthe[9]:
- Moreouer no man be so hardy to drynk fastyng cold water, ne after that he hath accompanyed wyth a woman, ne after gret trauayle, ne after exersice tyll he haue fyrst rested hym, ne by nyght namely yf he haue do gloue tofore.
- 1500, The Example of Euyll Tongues:
- A false tonge wyll euer Imagyne and saye / That neuer by creature was sayd ne thought.
- 1509, Wynkyn de Worde, The fyftene joyes of maryage[10]:
- For chastyce can he not by daye ne nyght his wyfe but by his betynge maketh lyght and hote the loue bytwene her and her frende.
- 1511, The Records of the City of Norwich[11]:
- Item, that noo woman nor maide weyve any worsted stamynges ne sayes for that that thei be nott of sufficient powre to werke the said worsteddes as thei owte to be wrought, upon payne of iij s iiij d as often as thei be founde wevyng to be devyded and leuyed in maner and forme aboue expressed.
- 1520, Richard Pynson, The Lyfe of The Blessed Martyr Saynte Thomas[12]:
- That they shulde no lenger kepe ne susteyne Thomas the archebysshope.
- 1526, The Grete Herball[13]:
- The rote ought to be gadered in the begynnynge of somer and dryed in the sonne bycause [tha]¬t it corrupt ne rotte bycause of the moystnesse[,] & it may be kept two yeres;
- 1535, Thomas Elyot, The Education or Bringing up of Children:
- For lyinge is a detestable vice, and to be hated of all men, ne to be suffred amonge seruantis ne other persones[,] howe poure estate so euer they be of.
- 1542, Nicholas Udall, Apophthegms (translation):
- Thus some persones beeyng inuited and exhorted to falle to the studie of lettres, make their excuse that thei bee sickely, that thei can not slepe ne take their naturall reste in the nightes.
- 1558, Thomas Phaer, The Aeneid (translation):
- We Moores be not so base of wit, ne yet so blunt of mynd.
- c. 1560, Edward Gosynhill, The Schoolhouse of Women[14]:
- The deuyll gossyp, ought me a shame / And prayde I am nowe, euerye penye I wolde god he had, be blinde and lame / The daye and houre, he fyrste woed me / Ware not gossyp, these chyldren thre I wolde not tary, ye may be sure / Longer with hym, daye ne houre.
- 1562, Arthur Brooke, The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet:
- Neither extremitie, ne gentle meanes could boote; she hydeth close within her brest, her secret sorowes roote.
- 1562, Arthur Brooke, The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet:
- Ne on her teares or plaint, at all to have remorse, but (if they can not with her will,) to bring the mayde perforce.
- 1570, John Thynne, The Debate betweene Pride and Lowlines[15]:
- His hart encreaseth not thereby ne lesseth as edoon these fooles.
- 1577, The Hereford Municipal Manuscript[16]:
- And that no victualer ne other person or persons forestall any kynde of victualls cominge to the said Cyty or within the precyncte of the same before the same victualls be come to the place.
- 1587, George Gascoigne, Francis Kinwelmershe, Jocasta:
- Ioc: How can that be and thou my ioy in warre? Po: Henceforth n'am I your ioy ne yet your sonne.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
- But to her cry they list not lenden eare, / Ne ought the more their mightie strokes surceasse.
- 1634, W. Lathum, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
- Whose worth all outward is in shew alone / But inward sent hath not, ne vertue none.
- 1798, Samuel Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, ll. 443-6:
- The pang, the curse, with which they died, / Had never pass'd away; / I could not draw my een from theirs / Ne turn them up to pray.
Usage notes
edit- Ne survives only as part of the oral tradition in rural Scotland and Northern England. It is almost never used in common speech.
Related terms
editEtymology 2
editAdverb
editne
- (stenoscript) Abbreviation of any.
Anagrams
editAbinomn
editNoun
edit- arrow (projectile)
Afar
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editné
Usage notes
edit- The form née is used when the pronoun isn't followed by a clitic.
See also
editReferences
edit- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “ne”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
Ainu
editPronunciation
editVerb
editne (Kana spelling ネ)
- (intransitive, copulative) to be, become
- Ainu ne ruwe ne.
- He is an Ainu.
Derived terms
edit- newa (“and”)
See also
edit- an (“to exist”)
Albanian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editThe nominative-accusative is from accusative Proto-Albanian *nōs, stressed form of clitic Proto-Indo-European *nos, which is continued by the clitic na.[2] Neve and nesh are innovated, but Gheg retains dative nahe (Old Albanian nae) from a genitive *nosōm.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editne (accusative ne, dative neve, ablative nesh)
Declension
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ Fialuur i voghel Sccyp e ltinisct (Small Dictionary of Albanian and Latin), page 85, by P. Jak Junkut, 1895, Sckoder
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ne”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 289
Blagar
editNoun
editne
References
editBreton
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Brythonic *ni.
Particle
editne
Usage notes
editCatalan
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editne (enclitic, contracted 'n, proclitic en, contracted proclitic n')
- represents an indeterminate number or quantity of a given noun
- represents a place (associated with the action described by the verb) that would be introduced by the preposition de
- replaces a phrase introduced by the preposition de
- replaces the object of a causative verb
Usage notes
edit- ne cannot be used more than once as the object of a given verb.
- While ne is usually used to replace phrases beginning with the preposition de, adverbial phrases (eg de pressa) are replaced with hi.
- ne is sometimes used instead of ho to replace an adjective or indefinite noun as the predicate of a verb.
- ne is sometimes used popularly to add emphasis to a sentence: in this sense, it has no translation in English.
- -ne is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩, or between some adverbs/pronouns and a verb. In some varieties of Catalan (Balearic/Valencian) it can also occur in sentence-initial position.
See also
editChuukese
editConjunction
editne
- to (connects verbs)
Preposition
editne
- Expressing a fraction or a ratio. Preceded by a nominator and followed by the denominator.
Czech
editEtymology
editinherited from Old Czech ne, from Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Pronunciation
editInterjection
editne
- no!
Particle
editne
See also
editFurther reading
editDalmatian
editEtymology
editFrom Latin nec, neque. Compare Italian nè, Spanish, Catalan and French ni, Romanian nici.
Adverb
editne
Deg
editNoun
editne
References
edit- Maurice Delafosse, Vocabulaires comparatifs de plus de 60 langues ou dialectes parlés à la Côte d’Ivoire et dans les régions limitrophes : avec des notes linguistiques et ethnologiques, une bibliographie et une carte (Paris, E. Leroux, 1904), page 231
Dutch
editAlternative forms
edit- nen (before vowels and b, d and t)
Etymology
editFrom nen through apocope, itself a contraction of eenen, enen, the now-obsolete accusative form of een.
Pronunciation
editArticle
editne
- (Belgium, colloquial) a, an
- ne man
- a man
Usage notes
editne is used primarily in dialects that retain the three-way gender split. It is only used for masculine words, while een is used for feminine and neuter words.
The form nen is used before vowels (as the English an) and certain consonants (commonly b, d and t), differing from dialect to dialect.
See also
editAnagrams
editEastern Huasteca Nahuatl
editDeterminer
editne
- that.
Pronoun
editne
- that.
Esperanto
editEtymology
editFrom French ne, Polish nie, Russian не (ne), etc.
Pronunciation
editParticle
editne
Antonyms
editDerived terms
editFinnish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *nek, from Proto-Uralic *ne + *-k (dual ending). Compare Erzya не (ńe), неть (ńeť).
The inflectional stem nii- derives from the same stem with the plural infix (-i-), through an older *nij- (< *ne-j-). Compare also se.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editne (plural, stem nii-)
- (demonstrative, of things and animals) nominative plural of se: they, those (objects not pointed at by the speaker)
- (colloquial, dialectal, of people) nominative plural of se: they
- Synonym: he
Determiner
editne
- nominative plural of se: those (not pointed at by the speaker)
- Tässä ne kirjat nyt ovat.
- This is where those books are now.
Usage notes
editSee the usage notes under se.
Inflection
editThe case suffixes are mostly regular (except the inessive and elative singular). Abessive is never used in the singular and extremely seldom in the plural. Instructive niin is more or less a theoretical construction, since it has developed into an adverb, and its current meaning cannot be derived from ne.
Declension of se
|
Descendants
editSee also
editFurther reading
edit- “ne”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][17] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Anagrams
editFrench
editEtymology
editFrom Middle French, from Old French nen or ne preceding words starting in a consonant, from Latin nōn.
Pronunciation
editParticle
editne
- (literary) not (used alone to negate a verb; now chiefly with only a few particular verbs: see usage notes)
- 1713, Voltaire, letter, Dec 1713:
- Je ne sais si je dois vous appeler Monsieur ou Mademoiselle […] .
- I don't know if I should call you Mr or Miss.
- 1826, Victor Hugo, Bug-Jargal, section XXXVIII:
- Le prince de France nous aime, celui d’Espagne ne cesse de nous secourir.
- The prince of France loves us, that of Spain never stops helping us.
- 1868, Emile Zola, Madeleine Férat:
- Je n’ose te jurer que je t’aime toujours, parce que je sens bien que tu ne me croirais pas.
- I dare not swear that I still love you, for I sense that you would not believe me.
- 1943, Jean-Paul Sartre, Réflexions sur la question juive:
- Mais je ne le crois pas : un homme qui trouve naturel de dénoncer des hommes ne peut avoir notre conception de l’humain […] .
- But I don't think so: a man who finds it natural to denounce men cannot have our idea of being human.
- 1963, Françoise Hardy, L'Amour s'en va:
- L’amour s’en va, et le tien ne saurait durer.
- Love goes away, and yours will not be able to last.
- 1713, Voltaire, letter, Dec 1713:
- not, no (used before a verb, with a coordinating negative element usually following; see Usage Notes, below)
- 1851, Henri Murger, Le pays latin:
- Je ne sais rien de plus odieux que l’hypocrisie.
- I don't know anything more odious than hypocrisy.
- 1998, Michel Houellebecq, Les Particules Élémentaires:
- Bruno se rendit compte qu’il ne serait jamais accepté par les hippies […] .
- Bruno realised that he'd never be accepted by the hippies.
- 2012 May 3, Le Monde:
- "Il n’y a pas eu un truc auquel on ne s’attendait pas", affirme Stéphane Le Foll.
- "There wasn't anything we weren't expecting," stated Stéphane Le Foll.
- Used in a subordinate clause before a subjunctive verb (especially when the main verb expresses doubt or fear), to provide extra overtones of doubt or uncertainty (but not negating its verb); the so-called "pleonastic" or "expletive" ne.
- 1829, Victor Hugo, Le Derner Jour d'un Condamné, section XXVII:
- Ah! mes cheveux blanchiront avant que ma tête ne tombe!
- Oh! My hair will go white before my head falls!
- 1837, George Sand, Mauprat:
- Oui, mais je crains qu’elle ne soit plus malade qu’elle ne l’avoue, repartit l’abbé.
- "Yes, but I think she might be more ill than she's letting on," the priest replied.
- In comparative clauses usually translated with the positive sense of the subsequent negative
- Apprendre le français est plus facile qu’on ne pense.
- Learning French is easier than you (might) think.
Usage notes
edit- Typically, ne follows the subject and is itself followed by the verb and:
- a negative adverbial (pas (“not; don't/doesn't”), plus (“no more, no longer”), jamais (“never”), guère (“hardly”), or (now literary) point (“not a bit”));
- a nominal element modified by a negative determiner (aucun or nul, both meaning "no", "not a") — note that these phrases can take on nominal, pronominal or adverbial functions;
- More mobile are negative pronouns, the most common being personne (“nobody”) and rien (“nothing”), which will follow ne and the verb if they function as the object complement of that verb, but if they are the subject of a given clause, they will usually sit at its head:
- Personne ne s’en souviendra demain. ― Nobody will remember about it tomorrow.
- Rien ne le dérange. ― Nothing bothers him.
- In literary French (i.e., the most formal variety of the written language) certain verbs can be negated with ne alone (without another negating element like pas). Nowadays, this list is restricted chiefly to the verbs pouvoir, savoir, cesser, oser, and daigner. Less formal registers still require coordination with another negative element.
- In colloquial (i.e., spoken) French, ne is often omitted, leaving the other negating element (pas, plus, rien, personne, etc.) to indicate the sentence's negative state on its own (unless more than one of these elements is already present).
- Je veux pas ça. ― I don't want that.
- Il attend personne. ― He's not waiting for anyone.
- J’en ai plus besoin. ― I don't need it anymore.
- On va nulle part. ― We're not going anywhere.
- In some regions, ne has disappeared from spoken language either entirely or nearly so. Even when it is included in spoken form, the weak "e" is often elided, causing the remaining /n/ to assimilate into nearby words. Compare a few possible versions of the above example, Je veux pas ça, more or less rising in levels of formality:
- J’ veux pas ça. /ʒ‿vø pɑ sa/
- Je veux pas ça. /ʒə vø pɑ sa/
- Je n’ veux pas ça. /ʒə̃ vø pɑ sa/
- Je ne veux pas ça. /ʒə nə vø pɑ sa/, /ʒə‿n.vø pɑ sa/
See also
editFurther reading
edit- “ne”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
- French grammar: Negation on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Anagrams
editGerman
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle High German ne, ni (“not, if not”), from Old High German ne, ni (“no, not, not at all, by no means”), from Proto-West Germanic *ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne (“not”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne (“not”). Also possibly from a contraction of nicht, dialectal net, nit, ni.
Pronunciation
editParticle
editne
- (colloquial, regional, Northern Germany, North Rhine-Westphalia) right?; is it?; is it not?; tag question
- Synonyms: gell, oder, wa; see also Thesaurus:nicht wahr
- Wir müssen da lang, ne?
- We need to go that way, don't we?
- Du hast keine Geschwister, ne?
- You don't have siblings, do you?
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
editInterjection
editne
- Alternative spelling of nee
Etymology 3
editPronunciation
editArticle
editne
- Alternative spelling of 'ne
German Low German
editArticle
editne f
- (Paderbornisch) nominative/accusative feminine singular of en: a
Pronoun
editne m
- (Paderbornisch) weak accusative of hei: him
See also
editGothic
editRomanization
editnē
- Romanization of 𐌽𐌴
Hungarian
editPronunciation
editAdverb
editne
- don't, should/shall not, stop (doing something)
- Ne hallgass rá! ― Don't listen to him!
- Ne felejtsd el! or (more emphatically) El ne felejtsd! ― (Mind you) don't forget it!
- Miért ne? (= Miért ne csináljuk/tegyük?) ― Why not? (literally, “Why shouldn't [we do it]?”)
- Bár ne tettem volna! ― I wish I hadn't done it.
- Ne lopj! ― Thou shalt not steal.
Usage notes
editUsed before the verb in an imperative clause (or sometimes a conditional clause expressing a wish or desire) to negate that clause; ne is always used instead of nem in the imperative mood.
Derived terms
edit- ajándék lónak ne nézd a fogát
- aki nem dolgozik, ne is egyék
- akinek nem inge, ne vegye magára
- akinek vaj van a fején, ne menjen a napra
- amit ma megtehetsz, ne halaszd holnapra
- félreértés ne essék
- hogy egyik szavam a másikba ne öltsem
- ne igyál előre a medve bőrére
- ne keltsd fel az alvó oroszlánt
- ne szólj, szám, nem fáj fejem
- ne zavartasd magad
- soha ne add fel
- tisztesség ne essék szólván
Further reading
edit- ne in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Ido
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Esperanto ne, from French ne, Russian не (ne).
Adverb
editne
Derived terms
edit- ne- (“non-, un-, in-, im-, ir- (etc.)”)
Etymology 2
editNoun
editne (plural ne-i)
- The name of the Latin script letter N/n.
See also
editIngrian
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editne
- Alternative form of neet
- 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:
- Miltaisee poolee ne ollaa opettajast?
- On which side of the teacher are they?
Determiner
editne
- Alternative form of neet
References
edit- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 338
Anagrams
editIsthmus Zapotec
editConjunction
editne
Istro-Romanian
editEtymology
editFrom Latin nix, nivem, through Proto-Romanian (compare Romanian nea, Aromanian neao), from Proto-Italic *sniks, from Proto-Indo-European *snígʷʰs (“snow”), root noun derived from *sneygʷʰ- (“to snow”).
Noun
editItalian
editEtymology 1
editFrom Latin inde (“thence”). Compare French en (adverb, pronoun).
Alternative forms
edit- -ne (enclitic form)
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): °/ne/°
- IPA(key): (traditional) /ne/°
- Rhymes: -e
- Hyphenation: ne
- In modern usage but not traditional usage, this word actively blocks syntactic gemination of its initial consonant. Hence però ne prendo (“I (will) take some”) is pronounced /peˈrɔ ne ˈprɛndo/ in modern usage, but /peˈrɔ‿nne ˈprɛndo/ traditionally, since però normally triggers syntactic gemination.
Adverb
editne
- from there
- Si chiuse in casa e non ne uscì per giorni.
- He shut himself in the house, and didn't come out for days.
- (literally, “He locked himself in house, and didn't from there come out for days.”)
Usage notes
edit- Sono di Genova; ne sono venuto stamattina.
- I am from Genoa; I came from there this morning.
Pronoun
editne
- from this; from that; from these; from those, sometimes not translated in English
- Furono mesi di lavoro sfibrante, ma ne venne fuori un gran film.
- There were months of exhausting work, but a great movie came out of those.
- about this; about that; about these; about those
- Ne abbiamo parlato, ma non sono sicuro che abbia capito.
- We talked about that, but I'm not sure he understood.
- Certo che ricordo quell'evento: ne ho perfino scritto in un articolo.
- Of course I remember that event, I even wrote an article about that
- of this; of that; of these; of those, sometimes not translated in English
- Se è avanzata della torta, ne vorrei una fetta, per favore.
- If there's some cake left, I would like a slice.
- (literally, “If is left some cake, of it I would like a slice.”)
- Avevi promesso di tornare a casa, te ne ricordi?
- You promised you'd come back home, do you remember (that)?
- (literally, “You had promised to come back to home, do you of it remember?”)
- of them (sometimes not translated in English)
- Non ne ho più.
- I don't have any left.
- (literally, “I don't of it have any more.”)
- for this; of that; of these; of those, sometimes not translated in English
- Ho capito cos'ha fatto, ma non ne ho capito il motivo.
- I understood what he did, but I didn't understand the reason for that.
- intensive particle, used in forms of certain verbs suffixed with -ne, where it indicates a particular way of carrying out the verb's action
- Spalancò la porta e se ne andò tutta esultante.
- She slammed the door open, and left all cheerful.
- Se ne sta sdraiato per ore a non fare nulla.
- He just stays there lying down for hours, without doing anything.
- only used in forms of the verb of volerne (“to hold a grudge”)
- Non te ne vorrò.
- I won't hold a grudge against you.
- only used in forms of the verb of andarne (“to be at stake”)
- Ne va della tua vita.
- Your life is at stake.
Usage notes
edit- The pronoun ne stands for di + [pronoun], and can thus be a translation of “[preposition] + it/them” for any preposition that is translated as di in Italian.
See also
editNumber | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Combined | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
edit- IPA(key): °°/ne/*
- Rhymes: -e
- Hyphenation: ne
- This word triggers syntactic gemination of the following consonant, and may or may not block syntactic gemination of its initial consonant (contrast the pronominal usage above).
Contraction
editne
- Apocopic form of nel
- Massimo Troisi non ha vinto un oscar per la sua interpretazione ne Il postino.
- Massimo Troisi did not win an Oscar for his performance in Il Postino.
Usage notes
edit- The contraction ne is used where nel, nella, etc., would ordinarily be used, but cannot be because the article is part of the title of a film, book, etc.
See also
editFurther reading
editJapanese
editRomanization
editne
Kalasha
editDeterminer
editne
Particle
editne
Kapampangan
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editPronoun
editne
- blend of 3rd person singular possessive/ergative pronoun + 3rd person singular absolutive pronoun
- Ikit ne.
- S/he saw him/her.
Etymology 2
editCompare Tagalog 'no, Japanese な (na), ね (ne).
Particle
editne
- (informal) sentence-final particle indicating emotion or mild emphasis
- Nokarin ya kaya ne?
- Now, I wonder where is s/he?
- (tag question) sentence-final question marker particle indicating emphasis and asking for confirmation: right?; eh?; isn't it, innit?
- Mako naku ne?
- I'm leaving, ok?
Adverb
editne
- already; now (expresses the event when following a verb)
- Yari ne.
- Finished already.
- already; now (declares the event of action when following a verb in the past tense)
- Meko ne.
- s/he left already.
- already; now (suggests immediate or quick action when following the infinitive form and future tense of the verb)
- Papunta ne kanu.
- s/he said that s/he's coming already.
See also
editKaraim
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Turkic *nē-.
Pronoun
editne
References
edit- N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “ne”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN
Karelian
editNorth Karelian (Viena) |
ne |
---|---|
South Karelian (Tver) |
ne |
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *nek. Cognates include Finnish ne and Estonian need.
Pronunciation
editDeterminer
editne
- (South Karelian) those
- (North Karelian or dialectal) these, those (medial)
Pronoun
editne
- (South Karelian) those
- (North Karelian or dialectal) these, those (medial)
Usage notes
edit- In North Karelian, ne is used to refer to objects that are far away from the speaker, but close to the addressee.
Declension
editViena Karelian declension of ne (irregular) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | še | ne | |
genitive | šen | niijen | |
partitive | šitä | niitä | |
illative | šiih | niih | |
inessive | šiinä | niissä | |
elative | šiitä | niistä | |
adessive | šillä | niillä | |
ablative | šiltä | niiltä | |
translative | šiksi | niiksi | |
essive | šinä | niinä | |
comitative | — | niineh | |
abessive | šiittä | niittä |
Tver Karelian declension of ne (irregular) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | še | ne | |
genitive | šen | niijen | |
partitive | šidä | niidä | |
illative | šiih | niih | |
inessive | šiinä | niissä | |
elative | šiitä | niistä | |
adessive | šillä | niillä | |
ablative | šildä | niildä | |
translative | šiksi | niiksi | |
essive | šinä | niinä | |
comitative | šiinke | niinke | |
abessive | šiittä | niittä |
See also
editKarelian demonstratives | |||
---|---|---|---|
proximate | medial | distal | |
singular | tämä | še | tuo |
plural | nämä | ne | nuo |
In South Karelian, the medial determiners are used instead of the distal series. Dialectally, the determiners are used as in North Karelian, distinguishing all three series. |
References
edit- A. V. Punzhina (1994) “ne”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
- P. Zaykov, L. Rugoyeva (1999) “ne”, in Карельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты) [Karelian-Russian dictionary (North Karelian dialects)], Petrozavodsk, →ISBN
- Pertti Virtaranta, Raija Koponen (2009) “ne”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja[18], Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN
Ladin
editAdverb
editne
Latin
editPronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /neː/, [neː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ne/, [nɛː]
Etymology 1
editFrom Old Latin ne (“not”), from Proto-Italic *nē, from the extension of Proto-Indo-European *ne (“not”). Cognates include Proto-Germanic *ne (whence Gothic 𐌽𐌹 (ni) and Old English ne), Sanskrit न (ná), Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian and Russian не (ne), Lithuanian ne, Irish ní.
Adverb
editnē (not comparable)
- no, not
- + subjunctive, introduces a prohibition or negative command: do not, don’t
- 62 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares 7.25.2:
- nē Apellae quidem dīxeris
- do not tell Apella even
- nē Apellae quidem dīxeris
- 45 BCE, Cicero, De divinatione 2.127:
- hōc facitō; hōc nē fēceris
- thou shalt do this, thou shalt not do that
- hōc facitō; hōc nē fēceris
- c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 1.98:
- nē vōs quidem mortem timueritis
- nor must you fear death
- nē vōs quidem mortem timueritis
- + future imperative, introduces a prohibition or negative command in general directions serving for all time, as precepts, statutes, and proverbs: do not, don’t
- c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 18.334:
- Boreā flante, nē arātō, sēmen nē iacitō
- when the north wind blows, do not plough, do not sow seed
- Boreā flante, nē arātō, sēmen nē iacitō
Derived terms
edit- nē quidem (“not even”)
Conjunction
editnē (+ subjunctive)
- that not, in order not to and similar; lest
- Vereor, nē videātur ōrātiō mea stulta.
- I fear lest my oration seem foolish.
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.11:
- nē quem post sē hostem reliqueret
- in order not to leave any enemy behind himself
- nē quem post sē hostem reliqueret
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.10:
- sī reliquam partem hiemis ūnō locō legiōnēs continēret, nē stipendiāriīs Aeduōrum expugnātīs cūncta Gallia dēficeret
- [he feared] lest if he should confine his legions in one place for the remaining part of the winter, all Gaul would revolt when the stipendiaries of the Aedui were subdued
- sī reliquam partem hiemis ūnō locō legiōnēs continēret, nē stipendiāriīs Aeduōrum expugnātīs cūncta Gallia dēficeret
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.11:
- veritus nē noctū ex oppidō prōfugerent
- he feared lest [the enemy] should escape by night
- veritus nē noctū ex oppidō prōfugerent
Usage notes
edit- Not to be confused with the affirmative particle ne (see Etymology 2).
- The adverb, in cases of prohibition, became obsolete in colloquial speech in late antiquity, being displaced by non, originally a solecism.
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editEtymology 2
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *né-h₁ (“that way, so”), which consists of *áno- (“yonder”, pronomial stem, distal) + *-h₁ (modal and instrumental suffix). Cognate with Ancient Greek νή (nḗ, “yes, indeed”) and Proto-Germanic *-nā (emphatic suffix after adverbs) which features in Icelandic svona (“so”), hérna (“here”), and þarna (“there”).[1] The same pronominal stem is also present in the words enim (“for; truly”), nempe (“indeed”), and nam (“for”).
Interjection
editnē
- truly!, indeed!; only joined with personal pronouns and commonly connected with other affirmative particles
- 44 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Philippics :
- At enim te in disciplinam meam tradideras—nam ita dixisti—domum meam ventitaras. Ne tu, si id fecisses, melius famae, melius pudicitiae tuae consuluisses.
- You had however committed yourself to my instruction and frequented my house, or so you claimed. You would certainly have been more mindful of your virtue and reputation if you had!
- At enim te in disciplinam meam tradideras—nam ita dixisti—domum meam ventitaras. Ne tu, si id fecisses, melius famae, melius pudicitiae tuae consuluisses.
References
edit- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, pages 60, 62
Latvian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Pronunciation
editConjunction
editne
- not
- ne tikai ― not only
- ne visai ― not quite
Lithuanian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Pronunciation
editInterjection
editne
- no (used to show disagreement or negation)
Livonian
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editne
- they; nominative plural of tämā
Luganda
editConjunction
editne
- and (only used if the overall statement is grammatically positive)
See also
editReferences
editThe Essentials of Luganda, J. D. Chesswas, 4th edition. Oxford University Press: Nairobi. 1967, p. 94.
Mandarin
editPronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Romanization
edit- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 吶/呐
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 呢
ne
- Nonstandard spelling of nē.
- Nonstandard spelling of né.
- Nonstandard spelling of nè.
- Nonstandard spelling of nê̄.
Usage notes
edit- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Mezquital Otomi
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Otomi [Term?], from Proto-Otomian [Term?], from Proto-Oto-Pamean *neʔ.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editne
- (trans) want
Etymology 2
editFrom Proto-Otomi *ne, from Proto-Otomian *ne, from Proto-Oto-Pamean *te/*ne, from Proto-Oto-Manguean *(Y)te(H)³.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editNoun
editne
References
edit- Andrews, Enriqueta (1950) Vocabulario otomí de Tasquillo, Hidalgo[19] (in Spanish), México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 19, 47, 74
- Hernández Cruz, Luis, Victoria Torquemada, Moisés (2010) Diccionario del hñähñu (otomí) del Valle del Mezquital, estado de Hidalgo (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 45)[20] (in Spanish), second edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 210
Middle Dutch
editEtymology
editFrom Old Dutch ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Adverb
editne
Usage notes
editImmediately precedes the verb. Often found in combination with the synonymous niet or another negating adverb, which is placed elsewhere.
Alternative forms
editDescendants
edit- Dutch: n- (prefix)
Further reading
edit- “ne (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- “ne (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “en (V)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page en
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “ne”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old English ne, from Proto-West Germanic *ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editne
- not (negates the accompanying verb)
- Þei ne bileveden hire nought. ― They didn't believe her.
- 13??, Geoffrey Chaucer, "The Knight's Portrait" (line 70), The Canterbury Tales.
- He nevere yet no vileynye ne sayde.
- 1481, William Caxton, Lyf of the Noble and Crysten Prynce, Charles the Grete:
- I ne entende but onely to reduce thauncyent ryme in to prose.
- I intend only to reduce the ancient rhyme into prose.
- not (to no degree, extent, or way)
- Þou ne art weyke. ― You aren't weak.
Usage notes
edit- Middle English lacks do-support. Instead, ne is simply used by itself: Puple deien, bot fame ne deieþ ("People die, but reputation does not die").
- Middle English has negative concord, so negatives don't cancel out another, unlike formal English or Latin. ne is often accompanied by other negatives rather than used alone. Double, triple, and quadruple negatives are common: I ne oght no man noght ("I haven't owed anything to anyone," literally "I not owed no one nothing").
- ne usually immediately precedes the verb; compare nought / nat, which usually follows it.
Related terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- “ne, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Conjunction
editne
Usage notes
edit- ne can contract with certain words that follow it, such as ne was → nas. This is optional, so forms like ne was are possible.
- ne... ne... is often found in correlative constructions, with the meaning of not... or...; this is comparable to modern English neither... (n)or....
Descendants
editReferences
edit- “ne, conj.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- “ne, conj.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Middle French
editEtymology 1
editAlternative forms
editAdverb
editne
- not (used to negate a verb)
- 1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 22:
- Ha ha pourdieu franc chevalier et preux ne me occisez mie
- Ha! For the love of God honest and valiant knight, don't kill me!
- 1530, François Rabelais, Pantagruel:
- et ne m'advint oncques de mentir ou asseurer chose que ne feust veritable
- It never happened to me to lie or to assure someone of something that wasn't truthful
- 1562, Henry IV of France, Lettres Missives:
- Catherine de Médicis, ne tarda pas à faire venir auprès de lui, en 1561, sa femme et ses enfants.
- Catherine of Medicis did not hesitate to bring to him, in 1561, his wife and his children
Usage notes
edit- As in modern French, may be used in combination with another adverb, such as ne... iamais, ne... pas, ne... gaire, ne... mie, ne... oncques, ne... poin(c)t and ne... rien(s), but such an adverb is not required.
Etymology 2
editSee ny
Conjunction
editne
- Alternative form of ny (“neither; nor”)
Mohawk
editArticle
editne
Negerhollands
editPronunciation
editVerb
editne
References
edit- Language Contact in the Danish West Indies (2012, →ISBN
Nheengatu
editEtymology
editFrom Old Tupi ne. Cognate with Guaraní nde.
Pronunciation
edit- Hyphenation: ne
- Rhymes: -e
Pronoun
editne
- (second-class) second-person singular personal pronoun (you, your)
- Ne akanhemu reikú nhaãsé ne kirá reikú.
- You are scared because you are fat.
- Aé uputari upitá ne irũmu.
- He wants to stay with you.
- Ne manha uwiké uka pisasú upé.
- Your mother enters the new house.
Usage notes
edit- As a second-class pronoun, ne is used as the subject of a sentence when its verb is a second-class one (those verbs are sometimes referred to as adjectives). The personal pronoun ne is also used when governed by any postposition with the exception of arama and supé. Finally, ne is used as a possessive pronoun as well.
See also
editsingular | first-class pronoun | second-class pronoun |
---|---|---|
first-person | ixé | se |
second-person | indé | ne |
third-person | aé | i |
plural | first-class pronoun | second-class pronoun |
first-person | yandé | yané |
second-person | penhẽ | pe |
third-person | aintá (or tá) | aintá (or tá) |
References
edit- ÁVILA, Marcel Twardowsky (2021) Proposta de dicionário nheengatu–português, page 564
- NAVARRO, Eduardo de Almeida (2016) Curso de língua geral (nheengatu ou tupi moderno): a língua das origens da civilização amazônica, 2nd edition, →ISBN, pages 11 and 106
Northern Kurdish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Iranian *na, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *na, from Proto-Indo-European *ne. Related to na.
Adverb
editne
- not
- Ez ne kurd im.
- I'm not Kurdish.
Interjection
editne
Northern Ndebele
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *-nàì.
Adjective
edit-ne
Inflection
editAdjective concord, tone L | ||
---|---|---|
Modifier | Copulative | |
1st singular | engimune | ngimune |
2nd singular | omune | umune |
1st plural | esibane | sibane |
2nd plural | elibane | libane |
Class 1 | omune | mune |
Class 2 | abane | bane |
Class 3 | omune | mune |
Class 4 | emine | mine |
Class 5 | eline | line |
Class 6 | amane | mane |
Class 7 | esine | sine |
Class 8 | ezine | zine |
Class 9 | ene | ine |
Class 10 | ezine | zine |
Class 11 | olune | lune |
Class 14 | obune | bune |
Class 15 | okune | kune |
Class 17 | okune | kune |
Norwegian Nynorsk
editAlternative forms
edit- near m pl
Etymology
editFrom Old Norse nið f, possibly from Proto-Germanic *nidwō (“sinking; downfall”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editne n (plural neet)
- a lunar phase of an old moon, i.e. period of time in which the moon is waning
- Antonym: ny
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- “ne” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Anagrams
editOld Czech
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Pronunciation
editParticle
editne
Descendants
edit- Czech: ne
References
edit- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “ne”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old English
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Germanic *ne (“not”).
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editne
- not
- 10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 8[21]:
- Iċ… hlūde ċirme, healde mīne wīsan, hlēoþre ne mīþe,…
- I… loudly cry out, hold my tone, don't hide a sound,…
Usage notes
edit- Old English does not have do-support. Instead, ne is simply used by itself: Menn sweltaþ, ac hlīsa ne swilt ("People die, but reputation does not die").
- Ne is placed immediately before the finite verb: Sēo lǣrestre ne meahte furðum mīnes naman ġemunan (“The teacher could not even remember my name”). It only goes before infinitives on the rare occasion when there is no finite verb to negate: Iċ wēne þæt þū sċyle forlǣtan and eft ne cuman ("I think you should leave and not come back"), Uton ne forspillan nāne tīd mā ("Let's not waste any more time").
- Ne negates verbs. Other parts of speech are negated with nā: Earg iċ eom, nā lǣwa ("I'm a coward, not a traitor"), Iċ hīe fræġn "Hū wæs þīn færeld?" and hēo cwæþ "Nā yfel" ("I asked her 'How was your trip?' and she said "Not bad'"). Nā is also used when the verb is only implied: Ne rēċe iċ hwæðer mē hwā ġelīefe þē nā ("I don't care if anyone believes me or not"). Nā also negates tō-infinitives and participles: Þās þing ġedafenode tō dōnne and þā ōðru nā tō forlǣtenne ("It would have made sense to do these things and not to neglect the others").
- Ne and its accompanying verb often come at the beginning of a sentence: Ne meahte nān mann tecnāwan hwelcre mægðe hē wǣre ("Nobody could tell what tribe he was," literally "Couldn't nobody tell what tribe he was").
- Old English has negative concord, meaning one negative does not cancel out another. Double, triple, and quadruple negatives are very common: Ne sċolde iċ nǣfre nānum menn nāwiht ("I've never owed anything to anyone," literally "I never not owed no one nothing").
- In a few verbs beginning with a vowel, h, or w, ne actually fuses with the verb, creating nesan (“to not be”), nabban (“to not have”), nyllan (“to not want”), nytan (“to not know”), and nāgan (“to not own”). In the West Saxon dialect (the dialect of most surviving texts and sometimes referred to as "standard" Old English), the contracted forms are the norm, while in other dialects the uncontracted forms ne wesan, ne habban, etc. are also common.
Conjunction
editne
- (in negative phrases) or, and not (optionally translated as "nor")
- Þurh þissa þinga ġehāt sind cumene tō anwealde unmenn. Ac hīe lēogaþ, ne ġelǣstaþ hīe þæt ġehāt, ne hīe nǣfre nyllaþ!
- By the promise of these things, brutes have risen to power. But they lie, they do not fulfill that promise, and they never will!
- c. 996, Ælfric's Lives of Saints
- Sē enġel him cwæþ tō, "Ne cyss þū mīne fēt, ne þū mē ne hrepe."
- The angel said to him, "Don't kiss my feet, and don't touch me."
- late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of The Consolation of Philosophy
- Nān mann hine ne cann, ne hē nānne mann ne furðum þæt ġeþēode.
- No one knows him, and he doesn't know anyone or even the language.
- ne... ne... is used to mean "[not...] or..." (optionally translated as "neither... nor...")
- Iċ næbbe ne frīend ne fīend. Wrace iċ hæbbe.
- I don't have friends or enemies. I have revenge.
Usage notes
edit- In the phrase "[not...] or...", ne is often used consecutively for "or": Iċ nāt ne ne rēċe hwelċes cynnes fugol hit sīe, hit is mīn frēond ("I don't know or care what kind of bird it is, it's my friend").
Descendants
editOld French
editEtymology 1
editAlternative forms
edit- nen (poetic, after vowels)
Adverb
editne
- not; used to form negative constructions
Descendants
edit- French: ne
Etymology 2
editConjunction
editne
- neither (not one or the other)
- c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:
- A lor seignor gaires n’antendent
Ne les serors ne li cinc frere- They didn't listen to their father
Neither the sisters nor the five brothers
- They didn't listen to their father
Descendants
edit- French: ni
Old Frisian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Germanic *ne (“not”). Cognates include Old English ne and Old Saxon ne.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editne
Descendants
edit- North Frisian:
- Heligoland: ni
Conjunction
editne
Particle
editne
Synonyms
editReferences
edit- Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN
Old Saxon
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Germanic *ne.
Adverb
editne
Descendants
editOld Tupi
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editne
- (rare) Alternative form of nde
- 1595 [1555], Joseph of Anchieta, chapter X, in Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais vſada na coſta do Braſil (overall work in Portuguese), Coimbra: Antonio de Mariz, page 41v:
- Nérúbamo xerecóu
- [Ne rubamo xe rekóû]
- I am your father
- (literally, “In the condition of your father I am”)
Pali
editAlternative forms
editAdjective
editne
- accusative plural masculine of na (“those”)
Pronoun
editne
- accusative plural of na (“them, those”)
Phuthi
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *-nàì.
Adjective
edit-ne
Inflection
editAdjective concord, tone L | ||
---|---|---|
Modifier | Copulative | |
1st singular | legimune | gimune |
2nd singular | lomune | umune |
1st plural | lesibane | sibane |
2nd plural | lelibane | libane |
Class 1 | lamune | mhune |
Class 2 | labane | bhane |
Class 3 | lomune | mhune |
Class 4 | lemine | mhine |
Class 5 | leline | lhine |
Class 6 | lamane | mhane |
Class 7 | lesine | ssine |
Class 8 | letine | ttine |
Class 9 | lene | yhine |
Class 10 | letine | ttine |
Class 14 | lobune | bhune |
Class 15 | lokune | kkune |
Class 17 | lokune | kkune |
Rawang
editPicture dictionary | ||
---|---|---|
| ||
|
Noun
editne
- eye.
Romanian
editAlternative forms
edit- нє (pre-1860s Cyrillic form)
Etymology
editFrom Vulgar Latin nīs, from Latin nos. Compare nă (old form) and Aromanian nã.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editne (unstressed accusative and reflexive form of noi)
- (direct object, first-person plural) us
Related terms
edit- noi (stressed accusative)
Pronoun
editne (unstressed dative and reflexive form of noi)
- (indirect object) (to) us
Related terms
edit- nouă (stressed dative)
See also
editSaterland Frisian
editPronunciation
editArticle
editne
- Form of of n used before feminine adjectives
- Dät is n Gous. Ne grieze Gous. ― That's a goose. A grey goose.
Scots
editEtymology
editFrom Middle English ne, from Old English ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editne
- (archaic, rare) Not.
- Ne look at the sky, when ye tread bumpy roads.(A Northern English folk saying)
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 1513, Gavin Douglas, The Aeneid (translation):
- To suffir exile he said that he ne couth.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1513, Gavin Douglas, The Aeneid (translation):
- I ne ask na land, nor realm.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Conjunction
editne
- (archaic, rare) Nor.
- Ne mother, ne father, ne friends, ne foes ne-knew what had worthen of him.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Usage notes
edit- Ne is a negative particle and it is used preverbally, i.e. it is placed directly before a verb, for example,ː"What haps might chance me I ne knew" (William Fowler (makar), 1590) and "To suffer exile he said that he ne couth" (Gavin Douglas, Virgil's Aeneid, 1513). Now archaic and chiefly dialectal, it is still understood and used by a few rural speakers in Scotland and Northern England.
- As a conjunction, it is placed immediately before the word it negates as inː ne mickle, ne little; Twas ne man, ne woman.. ne beast; ne rich, ne poor, ne bold, ne meek, ne stong, ne weak can escape God's wrath.
- In urban areas and cities became displaced by na or nae.
Further reading
edit- “ne” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Serbo-Croatian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Pronunciation
editParticle
editne (Cyrillic spelling не)
- not (denoting negation)
- ne znam ― I don't know
- on je ne samo darovit, već i jako marljiv ― he is not only talented, but also very industrious
- htio-ne htio ― whether you want it or not
- da ne spavaš? / ne spavaš li? / zar ne spavaš? ― aren't you sleeping?
- ne mogu, a da ne… ― I cannot but…
- reći ne ― to say no; refuse, decline
- ne manje nego/od… ― no less than…
- ne doći ― to fail to come, not come
- … Zar ne? ― … Aren't you? (Isn't it?, Do you?, Don't you?)
- neću ― I won't
Interjection
editne (Cyrillic spelling не)
- no
- Jesi li demokrat? Ne! ― Are you a democrat? No!
Synonyms
edit- jok (dialectal)
Antonyms
editSlovak
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editne
- accusative of ony
Usage notes
editUsed after prepositions.
Slovene
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.
Pronunciation
editParticle
editnȅ
Antonyms
editFurther reading
edit- “ne”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Southern Ndebele
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *-nàì.
Adjective
edit-ne
Inflection
editThis adjective needs an inflection-table template.
Sumerian
editRomanization
editne
- Romanization of 𒉈
Swazi
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *-nàì.
Adjective
edit-ne
Inflection
editAdjective concord, tone L | ||
---|---|---|
Modifier | Copulative | |
1st singular | lengimune | ngimune |
2nd singular | lomune | umune |
1st plural | lesibane | sibane |
2nd plural | lenibane | nibane |
Class 1 | lomune | mune |
Class 2 | labane | bane |
Class 3 | lomune | mune |
Class 4 | lemine | mine |
Class 5 | leline | line |
Class 6 | lamane | mane |
Class 7 | lesine | sine |
Class 8 | letine | tine |
Class 9 | lene | ine |
Class 10 | letine | tine |
Class 11 | lolune | lune |
Class 14 | lobune | bune |
Class 15 | lokune | kune |
Class 17 | lokune | kune |
Tagalog
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editCompare Ilocano ne, Kapampangan ne, and Japanese ね (ne).
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈne/ [ˈn̪ɛ]
- Rhymes: -e
- Syllabification: ne
Particle
editne (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒ)
- (Bataan, Nueva Ecija, tag question) Sentence-final question marker particle indicating emphasis and asking for confirmation: right?; eh?; isn't it, innit?
Anagrams
editTernate
editPronunciation
editDeterminer
editne
Pronoun
editne
- (demonstrative) this
- ngori tomau ne ― I want this
- ne foke ― this is a cockroach
References
edit- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Turkish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Ottoman Turkish نه (ne, “what, whatever, how”), from Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (ne, “what”), from Proto-Turkic *nē- (“what”).[1]
Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰤𐰀 (n²a /ne/, “what, which”), Karakhanid نا (ne), Old Uyghur [script needed] (ne), Azerbaijani nə, Salar neñ, Bashkir ни (ni), Chuvash мӗн (mĕn) (metathesis < *ne-me), Kazakh не (ne), Khakas ниме (nime), Kyrgyz не (ne), Tatar ни (ni), Turkmen nǟmä, Tuvan чүү (çüü), Uyghur نېمە (nëme), Uzbek nima, Yakut туох (tuoq).
Pronoun
editne
- what
- Ne istiyorsun? ― What do you want?
- whatever
- Ne istersen yaparım. ― I will do whatever you want.
Declension
editInflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | ne | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | neyi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | ne | neler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | neyi | neleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | neye | nelere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | nede | nelerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | neden | nelerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | neyin | nelerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Related terms
editAdverb
editne
- what, how, such
- Ne güzel! ― How beautiful!
- Ne güzel bir gün! ― What a beautiful day!
- Used as an intensifier to express surprise, astonishment, together with expressions like be!, ha!.
- Ne osurdun be! ― You farted such (that probably the whole world heard it).
Etymology 2
editFrom Ottoman Turkish نه (ne, “neither; nor”), from Persian نه (na). Cognate to Old English ne (“not”).
Conjunction
editne ... ne ...
Usage notes
edit- Not used alone but rather as ne...ne..., the way it is used is directly copied from Persian نه...نه...(“neither; nor”).
Antonyms
editEtymology 3
editNoun
editne
- The name of the Latin-script letter N/n.
See also
edit- (Latin-script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze
References
edit- ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*nē-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Tuvaluan
editParticle
editne
- past tense marker, inserted immediately before the relevant verb
Unami
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editnë
- that (inanimate)
See also
editAnimate | Inanimate | Obviative | |
---|---|---|---|
Proximal Singular (near the speaker) | wa, wàn, wàni | yu, yun, yuni | yul, yuli |
Distal Singular (far from the speaker) | na, nàn, nàni | në, nën, nëni | |
Proximal plural (near the speaker) | yuki, yuk | yuli, yul | nèl |
Distal plural (far from the speaker) | nèki, nèk | nèl | |
Absentative (inaccessible to speaker, deceased) distal singular | naka | ||
Absentative (inaccessible to speaker, deceased) distal plural | nèl | ||
Absentative (inaccessible to speaker, deceased) proximal singular | waka |
Ura (Vanuatu)
editPronunciation
editNoun
editne
Further reading
edit- Terry Crowley, Ura: A Disappearing Language of Southern Vanuatu (1999)
Votic
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editne
- Alternative form of need
Welsh
editPronunciation
editNoun
editne
- Nasal mutation of de.
Mutation
editWest Makian
editEtymology
editLikely cognate with Ternate ne (“this”).
Pronunciation
editDeterminer
editne
References
edit- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[22], Pacific linguistics
Xhosa
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *-nàì.
Adjective
edit-ne
Inflection
editAdjective concord, tone L | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Modifier | Copulative | |||
positive | negative | positive | negative | |
1st singular | endimne | endingemne | ndimne | andimne |
2nd singular | omne | ongemne | umne | awumne |
1st plural | esibane | esingebane | sibane | asibane |
2nd plural | enibane | eningebane | nibane | anibane |
Class 1 | omne | ongemne | mne | akamne |
Class 2 | abane | abangebane | bane | ababane |
Class 3 | omne | ongemne | mne | awumne |
Class 4 | emine | engemine | mine | ayimine |
Class 5 | eline | elingeline | line | aliline |
Class 6 | amane | angemane | mane | awamane |
Class 7 | esine | esingesine | sine | asisine |
Class 8 | ezine | ezingezine | zine | azizine |
Class 9 | ene | engene | ine | ayiyine |
Class 10 | ezine | ezingezine | zine | azizine |
Class 11 | olune | olungelune | lune | alulune |
Class 14 | obune | obungebune | bune | abubune |
Class 15 | okune | okungekune | kune | akukune |
Class 17 | okune | okungekune | kune | akukune |
Yup'ik
editNoun
editne (absolutive ena)
Zou
editPronunciation
editNoun
editne
Verb
editne
- (transitive) to eat
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, pages 40-41
Zulu
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Bantu *-nàì.
Adjective
edit-ne
Inflection
editAdjective concord, tone L | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Modifier | Copulative | |||
positive | negative | positive | negative | |
1st singular | engimune | engingemune | ngimune | angimune |
2nd singular | omune | ongemune | umune | awumune |
1st plural | esibane | esingebane | sibane | asibane |
2nd plural | enibane | eningebane | nibane | anibane |
Class 1 | omune | ongemune | mune | akamune |
Class 2 | abane | abangebane | bane | ababane |
Class 3 | omune | ongemune | mune | awumune |
Class 4 | emine | engemine | mine | ayimine |
Class 5 | eline | elingeline | line | aliline |
Class 6 | amane | angemane | mane | awamane |
Class 7 | esine | esingesine | sine | asisine |
Class 8 | ezine | ezingezine | zine | azizine |
Class 9 | ene | engene, engeyine | ine, yine | ayiyine |
Class 10 | ezine | ezingezine | zine | azizine |
Class 11 | olune | olungelune | lune | alulune |
Class 14 | obune | obungebune | bune | abubune |
Class 15 | okune | okungekune | kune | akukune |
Class 17 | okune | okungekune | kune | akukune |
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-ne”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-ne”
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- ISO 639-1
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- Karaim pronouns
- Karelian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Karelian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Karelian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Karelian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Karelian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Karelian lemmas
- Karelian determiners
- Karelian demonstrative determiners
- South Karelian
- North Karelian
- Karelian dialectal terms
- Karelian pronouns
- Karelian personal pronouns
- Karelian demonstrative pronouns
- Ladin lemmas
- Ladin adverbs
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin lemmas
- Latin adverbs
- Latin uncomparable adverbs
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin conjunctions
- Latin terms with usage examples
- Latin interjections
- Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian conjunctions
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Lithuanian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Lithuanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Lithuanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lithuanian lemmas
- Lithuanian interjections
- Livonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Livonian non-lemma forms
- Livonian pronoun forms
- Luganda lemmas
- Luganda conjunctions
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Hanyu Pinyin
- Mandarin non-lemma forms
- Mandarin nonstandard forms
- Mezquital Otomi terms inherited from Proto-Otomi
- Mezquital Otomi terms derived from Proto-Otomi
- Mezquital Otomi terms inherited from Proto-Otomian
- Mezquital Otomi terms derived from Proto-Otomian
- Mezquital Otomi terms inherited from Proto-Oto-Pamean
- Mezquital Otomi terms derived from Proto-Oto-Pamean
- Mezquital Otomi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Mezquital Otomi lemmas
- Mezquital Otomi verbs
- Mezquital Otomi terms inherited from Proto-Oto-Manguean
- Mezquital Otomi terms derived from Proto-Oto-Manguean
- Mezquital Otomi nouns
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch adverbs
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English adverbs
- Middle English terms with usage examples
- Middle English terms with quotations
- Middle English conjunctions
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French adverbs
- Middle French terms with quotations
- Middle French conjunctions
- Mohawk lemmas
- Mohawk articles
- Negerhollands terms with IPA pronunciation
- Negerhollands lemmas
- Negerhollands verbs
- Nheengatu terms derived from Old Tupi
- Nheengatu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Nheengatu/e
- Nheengatu lemmas
- Nheengatu pronouns
- Nheengatu terms with usage examples
- Northern Kurdish terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Northern Kurdish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Northern Kurdish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Northern Kurdish lemmas
- Northern Kurdish adverbs
- Northern Kurdish terms with usage examples
- Northern Kurdish interjections
- Northern Ndebele terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Northern Ndebele terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Northern Ndebele lemmas
- Northern Ndebele adjectives
- Northern Ndebele adjectives with tone L
- Northern Ndebele cardinal numbers
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk neuter nouns
- Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Czech lemmas
- Old Czech particles
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English adverbs
- Old English terms with quotations
- Old English conjunctions
- Old English terms with usage examples
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French adverbs
- Old French conjunctions
- Old French terms with quotations
- Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Frisian lemmas
- Old Frisian adverbs
- Old Frisian conjunctions
- Old Frisian particles
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon lemmas
- Old Saxon adverbs
- Old Tupi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Old Tupi/ɛ
- Rhymes:Old Tupi/ɛ/1 syllable
- Old Tupi personal pronouns
- Old Tupi terms with rare senses
- Old Tupi terms with quotations
- Old Tupi terms with quotations from the Art of Grammar of the Most Used Language on the Coast of Brazil
- Pali non-lemma forms
- Pali adjective forms
- Pali pronoun forms
- Phuthi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Phuthi terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Phuthi lemmas
- Phuthi adjectives
- Phuthi adjectives with tone L
- Phuthi cardinal numbers
- Visual dictionary
- Rawang lemmas
- Rawang nouns
- Romanian terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Romanian terms inherited from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian terms with audio links
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian pronouns
- Romanian personal pronouns
- Romanian terms with usage examples
- Saterland Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Saterland Frisian lemmas
- Saterland Frisian articles
- Saterland Frisian terms with usage examples
- Scots terms inherited from Middle English
- Scots terms derived from Middle English
- Scots terms inherited from Old English
- Scots terms derived from Old English
- Scots terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Scots terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Scots terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Scots terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Scots terms with IPA pronunciation
- Scots lemmas
- Scots adverbs
- Scots terms with archaic senses
- Scots terms with rare senses
- Scots terms with usage examples
- Scots terms with quotations
- Scots conjunctions
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian particles
- Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak non-lemma forms
- Slovak pronoun forms
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Slovene 1-syllable words
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene particles
- Southern Ndebele terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Southern Ndebele terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Southern Ndebele lemmas
- Southern Ndebele adjectives
- Southern Ndebele cardinal numbers
- Sumerian non-lemma forms
- Sumerian romanizations
- Swazi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Swazi terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Swazi lemmas
- Swazi adjectives
- Swazi adjectives with tone L
- Swazi cardinal numbers
- Tagalog 1-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/e
- Rhymes:Tagalog/e/1 syllable
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog particles
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Bataan Tagalog
- Nueva Ecija Tagalog
- Tagalog terms with usage examples
- Ternate terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ternate lemmas
- Ternate determiners
- Ternate terms with usage examples
- Ternate pronouns
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish terms with audio links
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish pronouns
- Turkish terms with usage examples
- Turkish nouns with irregular stem
- Turkish adverbs
- Turkish terms derived from Persian
- Turkish conjunctions
- Turkish nouns
- tr:Latin letter names
- Tuvaluan lemmas
- Tuvaluan particles
- Unami terms with IPA pronunciation
- Unami lemmas
- Unami pronouns
- Ura (Vanuatu) terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ura (Vanuatu) lemmas
- Ura (Vanuatu) nouns
- Votic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Votic/e
- Rhymes:Votic/e/1 syllable
- Votic lemmas
- Votic pronouns
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh non-lemma forms
- Welsh mutated nouns
- Welsh nasal-mutation forms
- West Makian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Makian lemmas
- West Makian determiners
- West Makian terms with usage examples
- Xhosa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Xhosa terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Xhosa lemmas
- Xhosa adjectives
- Xhosa adjectives with tone L
- Xhosa cardinal numbers
- Yup'ik lemmas
- Yup'ik nouns
- Zou terms with IPA pronunciation
- Zou lemmas
- Zou nouns
- Zou verbs
- Zou transitive verbs
- zom:Face
- Zulu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Zulu terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Zulu lemmas
- Zulu adjectives
- Zulu adjectives with tone L
- Zulu cardinal numbers