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Kazakhstan–Spain relations

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kazakhstan-Spain relations
Map indicating locations of Kazakhstan and Spain

Kazakhstan

Spain

Kazakhstan–Spain relations are the bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and Spain. Both nations are members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

History

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After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan became an independent nation in December 1991. On 11 February 1992, Kazakhstan and Spain established diplomatic relations.[1] In 1999, Spain opened a resident embassy in the former capital of Almaty before moving the embassy to Astana in 2006. That same year, Kazakhstan opened a resident embassy in Madrid.[1]

Since the initial establishment of diplomatic relations, both nations have worked closely within multinational forums such as the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. In 2017, Spain participated in the Expo 2017 being held in Astana.[2]

High-level visits

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High-level from Kazakhstan to Spain[1][3]

High-level from Spain to Kazakhstan[4][5][6]

Agreements

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Since 1992, both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as Agreement on the Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments (1995); Agreement on Economic and Industrial Cooperation (1997); Agreement on Cultural, Educational and Scientific Cooperation (1997); Agreement to transport equipment and military personnel through Kazakh territory for Spanish stabilization and reconstruction in Afghanistan (2009); Agreement on the Elimination of Visas for Diplomatic Passport Holders (2009); Agreement on Tourism Cooperation (2009); Extradition Treaty (2012) and an Agreement on Military Cooperation (2013).[1]

Trade

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In 2015, trade between Kazakhstan and Spain totaled €1.3 billion Euros.[1] Kazakhstan's main exports to Spain include: combustibles and lubricants, copper based products, inorganic chemical products, steel products and electrical equipment. Spain's main exports to Kazakhstan include: vehicles, air navigation equipment, construction equipment, clothing and shoes.[1]

Resident diplomatic missions

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Kazakhstan (in Spanish)
  2. ^ Pabellón de España en Expo Astana 2017 (in Spanish)
  3. ^ El presidente de Kazajistán visita hoy España, donde se reunirá con el Rey y Rajoy (in Spanish)
  4. ^ Visita Oficial de Sus Majestades los Reyes a la República de Kazajstán (in Spanish)
  5. ^ Zapatero inicia en Kazajistán una gira para apoyar las exportaciones españolas
  6. ^ Rajoy viaja a Kazajstán para apoyar a las grandes empresas de obra pública (in Spanish)
  7. ^ "Embassy of Kazakhstan in Madrid". Archived from the original on 2018-09-12. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
  8. ^ "Embassy of Spain in Astana". Archived from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2018-01-09.