International Office of Public Hygiene
Office International d'Hygiène Publique | |||||||
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1907–1946 | |||||||
Emblem used by the OIHP, depicting Hygieia
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Status | Former international organization | ||||||
Administrative center | 195 boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris 48°51′17″N 2°19′31″E / 48.8548078°N 2.3252548°E | ||||||
Official languages | French | ||||||
Recognized languages | French | ||||||
History | |||||||
• Arrangement of Rome | 9 December 1907 | ||||||
• Dissolution | 22 July 1946 | ||||||
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The International Office of Public Hygiene (OIPH), also known by its French name as the Office International d'Hygiène Publique (OIHP), was an international organization founded 9 December 1907 and based in Paris, France.[1] It merged into the World Health Organization in 1946.[2][3][4]
It is the world's first universal health organization.[2] Member states exchanged information about the presence and spread of disease, as well as provided recommendations for sanitation.[2] The organization helped restructure public health services in Greece and China in the late 1920s.[2]
History
[edit]It was created to oversee international rules regarding the quarantining of ships and ports to prevent the spread of plague and cholera, and to administer other public health conventions,[5] leading to engage on other epidemics, and the collection of broader epidemiological data on various diseases, as well as issues such as the control of medicinal opium, cannabis, and other drugs,[6] the traumas created by World War I, etc.[5]
The OIHP was part of the complex structure known as the Health Organization (Organisation d'Hygiène) of the League of Nations,[7] in an often-competing, and sometimes collaborative relation with the League of Nations' Health Committee.[8]
The OIHP was dissolved by protocols signed 22 July 1946[9] and its epidemiological service was incorporated into the Interim Commission of the World Health Organization on 1 January 1947. However, the OIHP remained in existence legally until 1952.
![](http://178.128.105.246/cars-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/League_of_Nations_Organization.png/400px-League_of_Nations_Organization.png)
Organisation
[edit]The OIHP was managed by a "Permanent Committee" chaired successively by Rocco Santoliquido (1908-1919), Oscar Velghe (1919-1932), George S. Buchanan (1932-1936).[11][12][13] Important personalities were taking part in the work of the OIHP such as Camille Barrère.
As of 1933, the OIHP was composed of the following contracting parties:[11]
Argentina, 1910
Australia, 1909
Belgian Congo, 1927
Belgium, 1907
Bolivia, 1912
Brazil, 1907
UK British dominions, 1927
UK British India, 1908
Bulgaria, 1909
Canada, 1910
Chile, 1912
Denmark, 1913
Netherlands (Dutch Indies), 1925
Egypt, 1907
France, 1907
French Algeria, 1910
French Equatorial Africa, 1929
French Indochina, 1914
French West Africa, 1920
Germany, 1928
UK (Great Britain), 1907
Greece, 1913
Kingdom of Hejaz, 1932
Ireland (Irish Free State), 1928
Italy, 1907
Japan, 1924
Luxembourg, 1926
Madagascar, 1920
Morocco, 1920
Mexico, 1909
Monaco, 1913
Netherlands, 1907
Norway, 1912
New Zealand, 1924
Peru, 1908
Persia, 1909
Poland, 1920
Portugal, 1907
Romania, 1921
Sudan, 1926
Sweden, 1909
Switzerland[citation needed]
Czechoslovakia, 1922
Union of South Africa, 1919
Spain, 1907
French protectorate of Tunisia, 1908
Turkey, 1911
USA, 1907
Soviet Union, 1926 (initially accessed as
Russian Empire in 1907)
Uruguay, 1913
See also
[edit]- International Sanitary Conferences
- League of Nations
- Hygiene
- Public health
- World Health Organization
- Camille Barrère
- Drug Supervisory Body
References
[edit]- ^ Markel, H. (2014). "Worldly approaches to global health: 1851 to the present". Public Health. 128 (2): 124–128. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2013.08.004. PMID 24412079.
- ^ a b c d Allen, Charles E. (1950). "World Health and World Politics". International Organization. 4 (1): 28–30. doi:10.1017/S0020818300028630. ISSN 1531-5088.
- ^ Beigbeder, Yves (2015-12-14), "Chapitre I. Les origines historiques de l'OMS", L’Organisation mondiale de la santé, International, Genève: Graduate Institute Publications, pp. 1–7, ISBN 978-2-940549-29-0, retrieved 2022-09-06
- ^ Johnson, Steven (2021). Extra Life (1st ed.). Riverhead Books. pp. 57–58. ISBN 978-0-525-53885-1.
- ^ a b Iriye, Akira (2002). Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in the Making of the Contemporary World. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0520231279.
- ^ Riboulet-Zemouli, Kenzi; Ghehiouèche, Farid; Krawitz, Michael A. (2022). "Cannabis amnesia – Indian hemp parley at the Office International d'Hygiène Publique in 1935". authorea.com (Preprint). doi:10.22541/au.165237542.24089054/v1 (inactive 31 January 2024). Retrieved 2022-09-06.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link) - ^ "The International Health Organization Of The League Of Nations". The British Medical Journal. 1 (3302): 672–675. 1924. ISSN 0007-1447. JSTOR 20436330.
- ^ Howard-Jones, Norman (1979). International public health between the two world wars : the organizational problems. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/39249. ISBN 9241560584.
- ^ "Protocol concerning the Office international d'hygiène publique; New York, 22 July 1946". treaties.un.org. United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 2021-10-17.
- ^ Grandjean, Martin (2017). "Complex structures and international organizations" [Analisi e visualizzazioni delle reti in storia. L'esempio della cooperazione intellettuale della Società delle Nazioni]. Memoria e Ricerca (2): 371–393. doi:10.14647/87204. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^ a b Office international d'Hygiène publique (1933). Vingt-cinq ans d'activité de l'Office international d'Hygiène publique (1909-1933) (PDF) (in French). Paris: Office international d'hygiène publique. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-01-26.
- ^ "Sir George Buchanan, C.B". Nature. 133 (3355): 242. 1934-02-01. Bibcode:1934Natur.133Q.242.. doi:10.1038/133242a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4071333.
- ^ "Sir George Seaton Buchanan | RCP Museum". history.rcplondon.ac.uk. Retrieved 2022-01-24.