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September 1901

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September 6, 1901: U.S. President William McKinley fatally wounded by fair visitor

The following events occurred in September 1901:

September 1, 1901 (Sunday)

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September 2, 1901 (Monday)

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  • Lord Curzon, the British Viceroy of India, convened a group of educational officers at Simla to discuss a reform of the higher education system. Those present were members of the Executive Council, the colonial Director of Public Instruction, the Vice-Chancellors of the universities in Bombay and Madras, and the principals of the Deccan College and the Madras School of Arts, all Britons, and not a single Indian. Starting with the premise that university education in India had "suffered... by a too slavish imitation of English models", including an over-reliance on entrance examinations, Curzon oversaw 16 days of meetings and drafted 150 resolutions for reform.[5]
  • Dr. William A. Pusey of the University of Illinois began the first experiments with radiation treatment for cancer, using x-rays in an attempt to combat sarcoma in 11 patients.[6] Pusey described the patient as a "man, aged twenty-four" who had had a tumor removed from his neck two weeks earlier and was found to have round-celled sarcoma. "He was given vigorous x-ray exposures and the tumor mass began to subside immediately," Dr. Pusey wrote later, adding "At the end of four weeks... the tumor had entirely disappeared."[7]
  • Vice President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt became identified with the words, "Speak softly and carry a big stick" at the Minnesota State Fair in Minneapolis.[8][9] The phrase was not his own invention, as he told his audience that "A good many of you are probably acquainted with the old proverb, 'Speak softly and carry a big stick— and you will go far.'" He added that "If a man continually blusters, if he lacks civility, a big stick will not save him from trouble; and neither will speaking softly avail, if back of the softness there does not lie strength, power ... if the boaster is not prepared to back up his words, his position becomes absolutely contemptible. So it is with the nation. It is both foolish and undignified to indulge in undue self-glorification, and, above all, in loose-tongued denunciation of other peoples. Let us make it evident that we intend to do justice. Then let us make it equally evident that we will not tolerate injustice in return."[10] The phrase had been used by Roosevelt (as Governor of New York) in a 1900 newspaper interview, and he attributed it at time to being a motto "taken from the South African people".[11]
  • Born:

September 3, 1901 (Tuesday)

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  • The Board of Judges of the competition to design the new Australian Flag announced in Melbourne that it had selected five finalists from 32,823 proposals. The day before, the Board report noted that the members had concluded that any design should have the British "Union Jack on a blue or red ground", "A six-pointed star, representing the six federated States of Australia, immediately underneath the Union Jack and pointing direct to the centre of the Saint George's Cross, of a size to occupy the major portion of one quarter of the flag"; and the Southern Cross constellation. The finalists were artist Annie Dorrington of Perth; ships officer William Stevens of Auckland, New Zealand; a teenaged optician's apprentice, Leslie Hawkins of Sydney; architect Egbert John Nuttall of Melbourne; and 14-year old schoolboy Ivor Evans of Melbourne.[12][13]
  • The "Miss Stone Affair", sometimes described as "America's first hostage crisis" [14] began when an American missionary, Miss Ellen Stone, was kidnapped by terrorists who demanded a ransom from the Ottoman Empire.[15] Miss Stone and her pregnant Bulgarian colleague, Katerina Stefanova Cilka, were traveling through Bulgaria on horseback with a party of ten other students and teachers. At a point between Bansko and Gorna Dzhumaya (now Blagoevgrad), the group was surrounded by about 30 masked men, who took Miss Stone and Mrs. Cilka away while leaving the others unharmed.[16][17] The United States would eventually agree to pay the ransom on January 13, 1902, and Stone, Cilka, and Mrs. Cilka's child would be freed on February 10.[18]
  • Responding to Lord Kitchener's proclamation of August 7 directing that Boer troops surrender by September 15 or be deported from South Africa to other British territory, Boer General Christiaan de Wet issued a proclamation that all British troops found in the Orange River Colony after September 15 would be shot.[4] On the same day, Jan Smuts, the Assistant Commandant General of the Transvaal Army, crossed into the British Cape Colony and prepared for a major invasion to divert British troops.[19][20]
  • Three men, James Outram and his guides, Christian Bohren and Christian Hasler, became the first people to climb to the top of Mount Assiniboine, a 11,870 foot (3,620 m) peak in the Canadian Rockies. After reaching the top, Outram would write later, "One at a time— the other two securely anchored— we crawled with utmost caution to the actual highest point and peeped over the edge of the huge, overhanging crest, down the sheer wall to a great, shining glacier 6,000 feet or more below."[21]

September 4, 1901 (Wednesday)

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  • Kaiser Wilhelm met with Prince Zaifeng, the 18-year-old brother of the Emperor of China, at Potsdam. As demanded by Germany and made one of the 11 conditions of the Boxer Protocol, an imperial prince delivered his message of his nation's atonement for the murder of Germany's ambassador, Baron von Ketteler, in 1900 during the Boxer Rebellion.[22] After the Kaiser accepted China's regrets, Zaifeng toured Germany and the rest of Europe for three weeks, and participated in several military reviews as a guest of the German royal family.[23] Earlier in the week, the Kaiser agreed to waive the normal procedure where visitors had to make a deep bow to the German Emperor, a humbling gesture which would have added to the humiliation of China's capitulation to the German.[24][25]
  • U.S. President William McKinley arrived in Buffalo, New York, by train for a three-day visit to the Pan-American Exposition. As the Presidential Special passed the United States Army post at Fort Porter, three cannons fired a 21-gun salute in the President's honor. "Unfortunately the guns had been placed far too close to the tracks," an historian would write later, "and as the train reached the spot, a booming report shattered all seven windows on the right side of the first car." The presidential party was in the second car, however, and the only two people in the damaged coach were a newspaper reporter and an official of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, neither of whom was injured.[26][27]
Leon Czolgosz
  • On the morning of McKinley's arrival, Leon Czolgosz made up his mind to shoot President William McKinley, and purchased a .32 caliber revolver. According to the statement he would make to the police days later, he said that the resolution "was in my heart; there was no escape for me. I could not have conquered it had my life been at stake," and said that he was standing "near the railroad gate when the Presidential party arrived" and that the police forced him and everyone else back "so that the great ruler could pass." Czolgosz, who was confused about what day of the week, McKinley arrived and spoke, claimed that when the President made his speech, he "stood right near the President, right under him near the stand from which he spoke."[28]

September 5, 1901 (Thursday)

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September 6, 1901 (Friday)

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U.S. President William McKinley entering Temple of Music
  • U.S. President William McKinley was shot and fatally wounded at 4:12 in the afternoon by Leon Czolgosz, an American anarchist who had been standing in line at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York.[37] McKinley would die from complications of his abdominal injury eight days later. Earlier in the day, he and Mrs. McKinley rode the inclined train to Niagara Falls (where he had an aide mark the midway point on the International Bridge so that he would not inadvertently cross from the United States into Canada),[38] and he told of his plans to spend the following week in Cleveland with his friend, Senator Mark Hanna. At 3:30 the train brought him back to the Exposition fairgrounds, and he and his party rode by carriage to the Temple of Music for the scheduled public reception where 20,000 people were waiting in line to shake his hand. His Secret Service guard, Officer Ireland, stood opposite McKinley instead of by his side. As recounted later, the last people whom McKinley met were a woman and a little girl, "a tall, powerful negro" named Jim Parker, and a young man whose right hand was bound up tight in a handkerchief, Czolgosz. As McKinley extended his hand, Czolgosz fired two shots from a gun concealed beneath the bandage. James Benjamin Parker knocked Czolgosz down before a third shot could be fired and was initially applauded for saving the President's life.[39] The President was transported to the first-aid station at the Exposition grounds 23 minutes after being shot, and at 5:30, the best available surgeon, obstetrician Dr. Matthew D. Mann of the University at Buffalo, began operating in poor lighting,[40][41] but the bullet (which had passed through the walls of the President's stomach) could not be located. Dr. Mann patched the hole in McKinley's stomach, but stitched up the President without draining the wound.[42] After the President awoke from surgery, he was transported to the home of John G. Milburn, the President of the Pan-American Exposition.[43][44]
    • McKinley's personal secretary, George B. Cortelyou, had urged McKinley to cancel the event at the Temple of Music and had even removed it twice from the announced agenda, restoring it each time at the insistence of the President.[34]
    • Vice President Theodore Roosevelt was at the home of former Vermont Lieutenant Governor Nelson W. Fisk on Isle La Motte, where a luncheon was being held for the Vermont Fish and Game League. Fisk received a phone call and brought the Vice President inside to hear the news from Buffalo.[45]
    • Early news bulletins reported that President William McKinley had died at the scene, including one telegraphed at 4:30 p.m. local time that said, "The president died shortly after the shooting. Particulars later."[46] and another that reported that "He died at 4:05 o'clock at the service hospital building."[47]
  • Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II ordered the Muslim terrorists to release American missionary Ellen Stone, who had been kidnapped on August 21, but there was no compliance.[48]

September 7, 1901 (Saturday)

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  • The Boxer Rebellion in China was formally ended with the signing of the Boxer Protocol between Li Hongzhang and Yikuang (Prince Qing) for the Chinese Empire,[49] and as representatives of 11 nations whose embassies had been besieged during the 1900 rebellion. There were 11 terms, including apologies to Germany and Japan for the murders of their diplomats, a monument to Baron von Ketteler, punishment of the rebels, reparations payable over a 39-year period, compensation to individual foreigners, a ban against importing weapons, fortification of the diplomatic quarter, the tearing down of the Taku Forts and installation of foreign military bases, a death penalty for creators of anti-foreign organizations, and the end of the Chinese practice of the kowtow, the deep bowing that offended many of the foreign representatives.[4][22]
  • The Venezuelan Navy bombarded the port of Rio Hacha in Colombia.[50]
  • Dr. Ramón Barros Luco was appointed as the President of Chile.[4]
  • Maude Willard attempted to become the first person to successfully go over Niagara Falls in a barrel, but did not survive the trip because she took along her pet dog "but was unmindful of the fact that the air in the barrel was insufficient for the two to live on any length of time."[51] It was speculated that the dog, terrified by being sealed in the barrel, pressed its nose against the only air hole.[52]
  • Died: Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Thudichum, 82, German-British physician who pioneered the study of brain chemistry (b. 1829)

September 8, 1901 (Sunday)

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Ferrer

September 9, 1901 (Monday)

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September 10, 1901 (Tuesday)

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Emma Goldman

September 11, 1901 (Wednesday)

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  • Plans were made across the United States to celebrate U.S. President William McKinley's recovery from the assassination attempt of five days earlier. The Director-General of the Pan-American Exposition announced plans for "a day of special thanksgiving, a day of national jubilee over the escape of President McKinley from death" and said that provisional arrangements were being made for a series of events for September 21.[70] Clergymen attending a national conference in Chicago agreed that the idea of a second Thanksgiving Day would be appropriate for 1901.[71][72]
  • President William McKinley's physicians provided the most encouraging news bulletin released after he had been shot five days earlier, as Dr. Herman Mynter told reporters, "Good news, good news, nothing but good news. We have washed and fed the President, and moved him to another bed." Asked if McKinley was still improving, Dr. Mynter said, "He is; and to prove it I desire to say that a count of his blood shows that it is in a normal condition, and we feel that we can announce definitely that there is not the least indication of blood poisoning."[73]
  • Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany and Tsar Nicholas of Russia met on the Kaiser's personal yacht, SMY Hohenzollern, which made a rendezvous with the Tsar's yacht, the Standart, on the Baltic Sea, with both anchored beyond sight of the German coast. Count Plateau, the Kaiser's aide, went on board the Standart and escorted the Russian Emperor over to the Hohenzollern. The two monarchs then went to the quarterdeck, engaged "in animated conversation", then ate together at a luncheon that included Russian Foreign Minister Vladimir Lamsdorf and German Chancellor Bernhard von Bülow.[74] The New York Tribune would write that "As a result of the meeting between the Czar and the Kaiser one feels confident that the peace of Europe is assured as long as the Czar lives."[75]
  • The U.S. Circuit Court for New York ordered a refund of $490,139.09 from the federal government to the American Sugar Refining Company for the improper charge of foreign import duties on sugar brought to the U.S. mainland from Puerto Rico, in accordance with the May 27 decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in one of the "Insular Cases".[4]
  • Born:

September 12, 1901 (Thursday)

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September 13, 1901 (Friday)

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  • With his health continuing to worsen,[77] President William McKinley spoke for the last time to his wife, and at 8:00 in the evening, uttered his last words, which Dr. Matthew D. Mann wrote down as "Goodbye, all. Goodbye. It is God's way. His will be done."[44] According to Mrs. McKinley, however, her husband drew her close and whispered the words to his favorite hymn, "Nearer, My God, to Thee".[59] Afterward, he was unconscious and never woke up.
  • Earlier in the day, Vice President Theodore Roosevelt had been camping in the Adirondack Mountains in upstate New York, and had traveled with a group to the summit of Mount Marcy, the highest point in the state. Shortly before noon, two telegrams were brought to a lodge at Tahawus, New York, near the mountains. Harrison Hall, a 50-year old mountain guide, was given the task of locating the Vice President and bringing him back down. After more than three hours and a hike of 14 miles, Hall found Roosevelt near the summit by the shore of Lake Tear of the Clouds.[78] The second of the two bulletins from Roosevelt's secretary, William Loeb Jr., said, "The President is critically ill. His condition is grave. Oxygen is being given. Absolutely no hope." Arriving at Tahawus, Roosevelt got a third telegram that said "The President appears to be dying and members of the Cabinet in Buffalo think you should lose no time coming."[79] Deciding to rest rather than departing the Adirondacks in the dark, Roosevelt went to bed at 9:00.

September 14, 1901 (Saturday)

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McKinley and Roosevelt
  • William McKinley, 58, the 25th President of the United States, died of gangrene poisoning from his injuries at 2:15 in the morning, at the home of his friend John G. Milburn, at 1168 Delaware Avenue in Buffalo, New York. All of the members of his Cabinet, with the exception of the Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Treasury, were present when he died.[44][80] The postmortem report listed the cause of death as "Gangrene of both walls of stomach and pancreas following the gunshot wound." [81]
  • In a remote area of New York state, Vice President Theodore Roosevelt had been woken up shortly after midnight with two more telegrams and, at 12:30 in the morning, rode on a horse-drawn buckboard wagon driven by David Hunter, the superintendent of the Tarawas Club, ten miles downhill toward the nearest telephone, in the lower clubhouse, and called the railroad station at North Creek, New York, where Mr. Loeb was waiting, and departed on the second leg of his journey at 2:10 in the morning in a wagon driven by Orrin Kellogg. "They had not made ten strides," a reporter would write later, before Theodore Roosevelt became President of the United States by the death of William McKinley.[78] A third driver, Mike Cronin, met him at the Alden Lair Lodge at 3:05 and took him on the dangerous road on the 16 mile trip to North Creek, arriving at 4:48, where Roosevelt was informed (by William Loeb) that he was now the President. They boarded the special train to Albany and then to Buffalo. The train arrived at Buffalo by 2:00 in the afternoon and, after offering his condolences to McKinley's family, Roosevelt went to the home of his friend, Ansley Wilcox, at 641 Delaware Avenue, where he was sworn in as the 26th President of the United States by U.S. District Judge John R. Hazel at 3:25.[44][82][83] At the age of 42, Roosevelt became the youngest man to ever serve as the U.S. president.
  • In China, the Imperial Court issued an edict directing that the academies in all of the Empire's provincial capitals were to be converted to colleges, and to offer both Confucian studies and a Western-world education.[84]
  • What is believed to have been the first bodybuilding competition in history was presented by German athlete Eugen Sandow, before 15,000 people at Royal Albert Hall in London. The "Great Competition" was judged by Sandow, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, and Sir Charles Bennett Lawes.[85]

September 15, 1901 (Sunday)

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September 16, 1901 (Monday)

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September 17, 1901 (Tuesday)

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  • Lieutenant Colonel Hubert Gough of the British Army underestimated his enemy, and led his 280-man Mounted Infantry force in a surprise attack on what he thought was a contingent of no more than 200 Boer soldiers, in the Battle of Blood River Poort. Without waiting to scout the area, Gough and his cavalrymen charged on horseback on a 1,000-yard (910 m) dash, and discovered that they had charged into the middle of a much larger Boer encampment. The 200 Boers that Gough had sighted began firing, and "500 enemy horsemen galloped out to Gough's right flank from which, almost at once, they began to envelop him." After a 20-minute battle, 23 of Gough's men were dead, 24 more wounded, and he and the remaining 235 were captured, along with two cannons, 180 rifles, 30,000 rounds of ammunition and 200 ponies. Gough and his men escaped or were disarmed and released over the next few days.[93]
  • Plans by Guglielmo Marconi to send the first wireless transmission from Europe to North America were dealt a setback when a powerful storm wrecked the nearly-completed antenna array at his transmitting station at Poldhu, located in the westernmost area of Great Britain at Cornwall.[94] As he was making repairs at Poldhu, a gale would take down his North American receiving station at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, on November 26. He would be able to rebuild before the end of the year, and the first trans-Atlantic wireless transmission would happen on December 12.[95]
  • Hundreds of mourners were trampled, and several hospitalized, after the doors to the United States Capitol rotunda opened to admit people who had gathered in Washington, D.C., to pay their last respects to President William McKinley.[96] The poorly controlled crowd of 40,000 people had been waiting outside the Capitol, and when the mass pushed forward, a panic set in. Those who had the misfortune of falling down were stepped upon "by those around them and by the horses of three mounted policemen". Nobody was killed, but "a number of persons sustained broken ribs and broken limbs" and many were taken to hospitals. In the evening, McKinley's body was placed on a special train back to be taken to his hometown of Canton, Ohio.[97]
  • Imperial Chinese troops returned to Beijing following the signing of the Boxer Protocol, and American and Japanese officers relinquished control of the Forbidden City quarter of China's capital.[4][98]
  • The Grand Canyon Railway delivered its first tourists to the Grand Canyon after departing from Williams, Arizona, at 7:00 in the morning with 30 passengers in a railroad car pulled by Locomotive 282 and driven by engineer Harry Schlee. The trip covered the 60-mile distance in three hours each way, but the $3.95 ticket for the round trip (equivalent to $106 in 2016) "was a bargain by comparison with the day-long $20 stage trip" by horse-drawn coach.[99]
  • Russian author Leonid Andreyev became an instant success with the publication of his first book, a collection of ten short stories.[100]
  • Born: Francis Chichester, English yachtsman sailor and navigator who made a solo trip around the world by sailboat in 1966 and 1967 in the Gipsy Moth IV; in Barnstaple, Devonshire (d. 1972)

September 18, 1901 (Wednesday)

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  • The British torpedo boat HMS Cobra foundered in a storm and sank off the coast of Lincolnshire, drowning 67 of the 79 people on board.[101] The Cobra was the second steam turbine propulsion ship to be wrecked in seven weeks; its sister vessel, HMS Viper, had been ruined beyond repair on August 3, but without loss of life. Although the new steam turbine technology was not found to be at fault in either disaster, the Royal Navy court-martial that tried the case against the survivors concluded that "the loss of the ship was due to structural weakness, and expressed regret that she was ever purchased for His Majesty's Fleet."[102]
  • Princeton University inaugurated its first graduate school, offering the master's degree program to students who had already obtained a bachelor's degree.[103]
  • Venezuelan troops occupied the Colombian city of Rio Hacha.[104]
  • The body of President William McKinley lay in state a third time, as mourners passed by it in Canton, Ohio.[105]

September 19, 1901 (Thursday)

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  • A final funeral service for President William McKinley was held in Canton, Ohio, during a day of national mourning, with business suspended throughout the United States. Memorial services were observed in the principal cities of the world.[106][107][108][109] Present in Canton were the entire presidential cabinet, 67 U.S. Representatives and 30 U.S. Senators.[110] Schools and many businesses were closed, and those businesses that continued to operate paused in the afternoon. At 3:30 p.m. Eastern Time (12:30 Pacific), church bells were tolled to coincide with the end of the funeral service in Canton, and people stopped what they were doing for five minutes, as streetcars and trains came to a stop, factories halted work, horse-drawn and motor vehicles paused in the streets. At the end of five minutes, the bells were rung again and work was resumed.[111][112] The exception was the city of Boston, which "did not interrupt its customary traffic and holiday avocations".[113] Nearly all sporting events were canceled, except for some scheduled races in Indiana.[114]
  • Leon Czolgosz consented to an interview with Frank A. Olozanowski, editor of a Buffalo newspaper read by the Polish-American community. Olozanowski would tell reporters later that the assassin "talked freely on every subject which I suggested, except his crime." Asked about the assassination, Czolgosz said, "What's the use of talking about that? I killed the President. I am an anarchist and simply did my duty, that's all I'll say."[115]
  • Born:

September 20, 1901 (Friday)

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  • The 1,000th anniversary of the rule of King Alfred the Great of England was celebrated with the unveiling of a statue in his honor by Lord Roseberry at Winchester. "King Alfred wrought immortal work for us and our sister nation over the sea," Roseberry said, "which, in the supreme moment of stress and sorrow, is irresistibly joined to us across the centuries and across the seas."[116] King Alfred's reign had actually ended with his death on October 26, 899, but a government committee relied on the traditional date from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of 900 AD, and chose to make the celebration from November 1900 to the end of October 1901. This came despite the dating discrepancies pointed out by historian W. H. Stevenson in 1898; the chroniclers "began the new year in September" starting with entries for the middle of the 9th century.[117]
  • Theodore Roosevelt held his first cabinet meeting as President of the United States and pledged to continue the policies of the McKinley administration.[118]

September 21, 1901 (Saturday)

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September 22, 1901 (Sunday)

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Alphonse and Gaston

September 23, 1901 (Monday)

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Dr. Kelling

September 24, 1901 (Tuesday)

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September 25, 1901 (Wednesday)

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September 26, 1901 (Thursday)

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  • The body of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln was re-interred beneath the Lincoln Tomb at the Oak Ridge Cemetery in Springfield, Illinois, after the remains had been properly identified. In order to protect against any future attempts at grave robbery, the tomb was protected by a layer of concrete that was several feet thick.[139] Eighteen people were permitted to look at the body after Lincoln's casket was opened, and it was reported that the features were "extremely pallid... due to a film that has crept over the face", but that Lincoln's beard "could be plainly seen and the chin was prominent, while the hair had begun to fall out". Five of the 18 signed a statement saying that they had seen the remains the last time the casket had been opened (on April 14, 1887) and that "we again identify them as the same".[140]
  • A year after its victory over the Ashanti Empire in the War of the Golden Stool, the British government issued the Northern Territories Order in Council, declaring that "The territories in West Africa... heretofore known as Ashanti have been conquered by His Majesty's forces, and it has seemed expedient to His Majesty that the said territories should be annexed to and should henceforth form part of His Majesty's dominions." The area was administered by the Governor of the Gold Coast Colony and is now part of Ghana. In the Ashanti capital, Kumasi, a cannon was fired... at noon every day to remind its residents of Britain's occupation", while the sacred object of the war, the Golden Stool, remained hidden.[141]
  • Guglielmo Marconi secured a worldwide monopoly throughout the British Empire for his wireless telegraphy system as the Marconi International Marine Communication Company signed a 14-year exclusive agreement with Lloyd's of London, which controlled most of the signaling of information to establish the location of merchant ships.[142][143]
  • Two days after being convicted of murder, Leon Czolgosz was informed that he would be executed in the electric chair at Auburn State Prison during the week of October 28. Czolgosz was reported to be terrified after showing no emotion during the trial; one of his defense attorneys, Judge Titus, asked the Court to allow Czolgosz the chance to make a statement, stating that "it seems to me, in order that the innocent should not suffer by this defendant's crime, the court should permit him to exculpate at least his father, brother and sisters." In a feeble voice, Czolgosz said, "There was no one else but me. No one else told me to do it, and no one paid me to do it. I was not told anything about that crime, and I never thought anything about murder until a couple of days before I committed the crime." At 2:26, Judge White told Czolgosz, "In taking the life of our beloved President you committed a crime which shocked and outraged the moral sense of the civilized world," and then signed the death warrant directing the state prison "to pass through the body of said Leon F. Czolgosz a current of electricity of sufficient intensity to cause death, and that the application of the said current of electricity be continued until he, the said Leon F. Czolgosz, be dead." Czolgosz was placed in a special railroad car at 9:45 that evening and sent to Auburn, New York.[144]
  • A report from South Africa was published, showing that 1,268 Boer civilians had died in British internment camps in the Transvaal, and 1,052 in those in the Orange River Colony. The overwhelming majority of the deaths were those of children.[123]
  • Born:
  • Died: John George Nicolay, 70, private secretary and adviser to President Abraham Lincoln (b. 1832)

September 27, 1901 (Friday)

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September 28, 1901 (Saturday)

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September 29, 1901 (Sunday)

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September 30, 1901 (Monday)

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  • Twelve coal miners in Nanaimo, British Columbia, were killed after they went back into a burning coal mine to extinguish a fire that had been started by a pit lamp. They and the other members of the crew had safely escaped when flames had first been spotted in the number 2 mine.[161]
  • The U.S. Treasury issued a check for the pro-rated portion of President William McKinley's presidential salary, payable to the McKinley estate, in the amount of $1,856.88. The figure was based on the annual presidential salary of $50,000 which was paid at $4,166.66 for September, based on $12,500 per quarter and the extra penny paid for the third month of each quarter. Given that Theodore Roosevelt had been president for the last 17 days of September running from September 14 to September 30, the Auditor's office calculated that Roosevelt was due 17/92 of the $12,500 payable during the 92-day quarter ($2,309.79) and that McKinley would receive the remainder.[162]

References

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  1. ^ Kratoska, Paul H. (2001). South East Asia, Colonial History: Empire-building in the Nineteenth Century. Taylor & Francis. p. 374.
  2. ^ Ozyuksel, Murat (2014). The Hejaz Railway and the Ottoman Empire: Modernity, Industrialisation and Ottoman Decline. I.B.Tauris. pp. 123–124.
  3. ^ Hoffmann, John P. (2007). Japanese Saints: Mormons in the Land of the Rising Sun. Lexington Books. p. 1.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h The American Monthly Review of Reviews (October 1901) pp. 408-413
  5. ^ Nanda, Bal Ram (2015). Gokhale: The Indian Moderates and the British Raj. Princeton University Press. pp. 183–184.
  6. ^ Sagar, Tenali G.; Chandra, Anita (2005). "Progress in Hodgkin's Disease Research". Trends in Hodgkin's Disease Research. Nova Publishers. p. 74.
  7. ^ Pusey, William Allen; Caldwell, Eugene Wilson (1903). The Practical Application of the Röntgen Rays in Therapeutics and Diagnosis. W. B. Saunders & Company. p. 518.
  8. ^ "The Vice President's Eloquent Oration". Minneapolis Journal. September 2, 1901. p. 16.
  9. ^ "Roosevelt Captured Them— North Star State Turned Loose All Its Enthusiasm on the Popular Vice President". St. Paul Globe. September 3, 1901. p. 1.
  10. ^ "Address by Vice-President Theodore Roosevelt at the Minnesota State Fair, Minneapolis, September 2, 1901". The American Monthly Review of Reviews. October 1901. p. 443.
  11. ^ "Gambling and Vice in the State Capital". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. April 1, 1900. p. 39.
  12. ^ a b Carol A. Foley, The Australian Flag: Colonial Relic Or Contemporary Icon? (Federation Press, 1996) pp. 63-72
  13. ^ "Federal Flag and Seal— Exhibition Opened", The Age (Melbourne), September 4, 1901, p. 6
  14. ^ Teresa Carpenter, The Miss Stone Affair: America's First Modern Hostage Crisis (Simon and Schuster, 2004) p. 16
  15. ^ Andrea Walton, Women and Philanthropy in Education (Indiana University Press, 2005) pp. 181-182
  16. ^ "How Bandits Got Miss Stone", Chicago Daily Tribune, October 1, 1901, p. 2
  17. ^ "Brigands Carry Off American Women", New York Times, September 6, 1901
  18. ^ "Stone, Ellen (Kidnapping of)", in Historical Dictionary of Bulgaria, by Raymond Detrez (Rowman & Littlefield, 2014) p. 469
  19. ^ Denis Judd and Keith Surridge, The Boer War: A History (I.B.Tauris, 2013) pp. 210-211
  20. ^ "British Told to Go or Be Shot", Chicago Daily Tribune, September 4, 1901, p. 2
  21. ^ Walter Wilcox, The Rockies of Canada: A Revised & Enlarged Edition of Camping in the Canadian Rockies (Rocky Mountain Books, 2011)
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