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User:Biktor627/Turkological transcription

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Turkological Transcription

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Johanson and Csató adopt this system.[1][2]

Vowels

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Vowels with IPA equivalent
Vowel Description IPA
i high front unrounded [i]
ï (high) back unrounded [ɯ]
ü high front rounded [y]
u high back rounded [u]
o low back rounded [ɔ~o]
a low back unrounded [a~ɑ]
å low back rounded [ɔ~ɒ]
ä low front unrounded [ɛ~æ]
ö low front rounded [ø~œ]
ȧ lower front unrounded [æ~a]
e mid front unrounded [e]
Vowels in a table
Front Back
-round +round -round +round
High i ü ï u
Mid e
Low ä ö o
ȧ a å

Consonants

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Labial Prepalatal (Post)
Palatal
Velar,
Uvular,
Glottal
Stop p, b t, d k, g ḳ, ġ, ?
Fricative f, v , θ, δ s, z š, ž χ, ɣ, h
Nasal m n ń ŋ
Affricate ʦ, ʣ č, ǰ
Glide w y
Liquid l, ḷ, r


References

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  1. ^ Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Á. (2021). "Transcription and notation". The Turkic Languages: Second Edition. Routledge. pp. xviii–xxii.
  2. ^ Johanson, Lars (2021). Turkic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.