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Section 377 stub

The stub Section 377 on wikipedia deals with discrimination in India and several other countries. The law, Section 377, bans sexual acts of those of the same gender, specifically men. My contribution to this article will mainly focus on India. I will add information on where India stands today with Section 377. I will also elaborate more on the law itself. Finally, I plan to increase the amount of sources listed in the article.

In life we cannot help the things our hearts are drawn to. Everyone should be entitled to enjoy what thy love. When people are forced to be one way and forget everything that makes them them; they are being deprived of their rights as a human being. Section 377 bans unnatural sexual acts like anal. This law specifically discriminates against male lovers. Naturally a human is entitled to practice the act of showing affection to their partner through their body. There is not law against this yet there is a law, Section 377, against men practicing this act. This limits the human rights on gay men in India.

Sources:

https://www.jstor.org/stable/4418926?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents

https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/nujslr2&id=372&men_tab=srchresults

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/section-377-india-gay-sex-crime-lgbt-supreme-court-dipak-misra-a8525116.html

https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/india-decriminalizes-gay-sex-ending-colonial-era-section-377-law-n906966

Academic Article Outline[edit]

Section 377[edit]

Section 377 of the penal code in 42 former British colonies criminalizes all “unnatural” sexual acts including anal sex between men and other homosexual acts.[1] The provision was introduced by British colonial authorities in the British Raj as section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, and was used as the model for sodomy laws in many other British colonies, in many cases with the same section number.The prohibition of homosexual acts is provided for in section 377 of the penal codes of Malaysia, Singapore (see Section 377A of the Penal Code of Singapore), Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Maldives and Jamaica. It is the model for similar laws that remain in force in Bhutan, Brunei, Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, Tonga, Tuvalu, Samoa, Malawi, Mauritius, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka (as Article 365 of the Sri Lankan Penal Code),[2] Ghana, The Gambia, Botswana, Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. It was the model for since-repealed laws in Australia, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, and New Zealand.In 2018, the application of section 377 of the Indian Penal Code to private consensual sex between men was ruled unconstitutional by India's Supreme Court, effectively decriminalizing private homosexual activity.[3][edit]

Outline[edit]

l. Section 377 today

- After years of protest, the law has finally been revoked

-Men and women rejoice, finally able to express themselves freely and legally

-Although it is now legal, many still disagree

ll. Protest against Section 377

- Gay men and women take to the streets sharing their stories

-How the men and women of India refused to let up until the battle was won

lll. Timeline of section 377

- Began with the British rule over India

- 1861 Unnatural sexual acts are banned and punished with 10 years in prison

- The law was derived from India's religion (Kapur)

  1. ^ Gwynn Guilford (December 11, 2013). "India's latest ban against gay sex has its origin in a five-century-old British power struggle". Quartz. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
  2. ^ Elliott, Josh (6 September 2018). "India legalized homosexuality, but many of its neighbours haven't". Global News. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  3. ^ "India Just Decriminalized Gay Sex". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved 2018-09-06.

First Draft[edit]

The origin of Section 377 begins in 1861 when the British criminalized unnatural sexual acts of nature.[1] The British first began to rule over India in 1858, following the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[2] The law is often associated with the Kapur.[3]

The People of India took the issue of their human rights to the public. The protest consisted of student organizations, Women's NGO's, and Human Rights Lawyers. Pardes where individuals that the law affected participated in the public rebellion. Protestors were seen with posters displaying the right to freedom of choice and equality. Many of the posters had written statements that mocked the recriminalization of Section 377, statements such as, "Be Straight not Narrow." Many Protestors also engaged in, illegal at the time, public display of affection with those of the same sex. The fight against Section 377 eventually went virtual. Protestors took to Facebook anonymously expressing themselves and how they felt about the law. The post reached many people across the world and encouraged others to join in. Leading to the 'Gay for a Day' campaign on Facebook.[4]

Today India is finally free from the unjust laws of Section 377. The people of India are free to express themselves freely and legally. Although the law has been revoked many still do not agree with the lifestyle of gay men and women in India.[5]

  1. ^ "The story of Section 377, a timeline of controversies". India Today. Retrieved 2018-10-18.
  2. ^ "British Raj", Wikipedia, 2018-10-28, retrieved 2018-10-30
  3. ^ Bauer, J. Edgar; Weinberg, Joe; Sander, Daniel J.; Chatzipapatheodoridis, Constantine; West, Taylor Cade; Kemp, Jonathan; Silva, Antônio M. da; Sanyal, Swikriti; Ncube, Gibson (2014-04-01). Special Issue on LGBT and Queer Studies: Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities (ISSN 0975-2935), Vol. VI, No. 1, 2014. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities.
  4. ^ Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities (PDF). Aesthetics Media Services.
  5. ^ "India strikes down law that punished gay sex with 10 years in prison". NBC News. Retrieved 2018-10-18.

Peer review[edit]

I liked the topic and I liked how you have chosen this topic because I feel as it is important to spread awareness about this issue especially since India has just recently became free from section 377. I know you talked about it in your outline above but I feel as if in your draft you should have added a little more of what Section 377 was as in what did it actually state and how did it affect the individuals in India. Also I would add information about what happened to the individuals if they broke the laws under section 377. Other than those things I feel as this is a really good first draft.

Second Draft[edit]

The current page is only one paragraph. I will be reorganizing the information into sections as well as contributing some of my own. Great revisions; just see my in-text comments)

Timeline of Section 377 (Are you adding this?)[edit]

Origin[edit]

The British first began to rule over India in 1858 following the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[1] In 1861 the British criminalized unnatural sexual acts of nature. Section 377 states, " Whoever voluntarily has carnal inter­course against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal, shall be punished with 1[imprisonment for life], ? or with impris­onment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation.—Penetration is sufficient to constitute the carnal intercourse necessary to the offense described in this section." [2] This is a little confusing. Can you clarify what the law says and how it could be broken using your own words?

Protest[edit]

The People of India took this issue of their human rights to the public by holding a protest. The protest consisted of student organizations, women's NGO's (spell out), and Human Rights Lawyers [not caps]. Pardes where individuals that the law affected participated in the public rebellion (huh?). Protestors were seen with posters displaying their right to freedom of choice and equality. Many of the posters had written statements that mocked the recriminalization of Section 377 (it was recriminalized? when?), statements such as, "Be Straight not Narrow." Many protestors also engaged in acts, illegal at the time, public displays of affection with those of the same sex. They did not seem to care about being imprisoned. The fight against Section 377 eventually went virtual. Protestors took to Facebook anonymously expressing themselves and how they felt about the law. The post reached many people across the world and encouraged others to join in. This led to? Leading to the 'Gay for a Day' campaign on Facebook.[3]

Section 377 today[edit]

Today India is finally free from the unjust laws of Section 377. (When was it repealed?) The people of India are free to express themselves freely and legally. Although the law has been revoked many still do not agree with the lifestyle of gay men and women in India.[4] Citations good but missing some information in a few; check closely.

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ "Section 377 in The Indian Penal Code". indiankanoon.org. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Final Draft[edit]

Origin[edit]

The British first began to rule over India in 1858 following the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[1] In 1861 the British criminalized unnatural sexual acts of nature. Section 377 states, " Whoever voluntarily has carnal inter­course against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with impris­onment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation.—Penetration is sufficient to constitute the carnal intercourse necessary to the offense described in this section." [2] The law is stating that whoever takes pleasure in sexual acts that is not between man and woman, for example woman to woman, man to man, woman to animal, or man to animal, is in violation of the law. The punishment for doing so is life in prison or a term of 10 years in prison.

Protest[edit]

The People of India took this issue of their human rights to the public by holding a protest. The protest consisted of student organizations, the non governmental organization Working Group on Women Peace and Security , and human rights lawyers. Many protest were carried out publicly in events commonly called "Pride Parades." During these parades protestors were seen with posters displaying their right to freedom of choice and equality. Many of the posters had written statements that mocked the recriminalization of Section 377, December 11,2013. Statements such as, "Be Straight not Narrow" were commonly displayed on the posters. Many protestors also engaged in acts, illegal at the time, public displays of affection with those of the same sex. They did not seem to care about being imprisoned. The fight against Section 377 eventually went virtual. Protestors took to Facebook anonymously expressing themselves and how they felt about the law. The post reached many people across the world and encouraged others to join in. Leading to the 'Gay for a Day' campaign on Facebook.[3] This created pubic awareness of Section 377 across the world.

Section 377 today[edit]

Section 377 was finally repealed on September 6, 2018. India is finally free from the unjust laws of Section 377. The people of India are free to express themselves freely and legally. Although the law has been revoked many still do not agree with the lifestyle of gay men and women in India.[4]

Final Draft ( Editing System)[edit]

Origin[edit]

The British first began to rule over India in 1858 following the Indian Rebellion of 1857[1]. In 1861 the British criminalized unnatural sexual acts of nature. Section 377 states, " Whoever voluntarily has carnal inter­course against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with impris­onment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation.—Penetration is sufficient to constitute the carnal intercourse necessary to the offense described in this section."[2]  The law is stating that whoever takes pleasure in sexual acts that are not between man and woman, for example, woman to woman, man to man, woman to an animal, or man to animal, is in violation of the law. The punishment for doing so is life in prison or a term of 10 years in prison.

Protest[edit]

The People of India took this issue of their human rights to the public by holding a protest. The protest consisted of student organizations, the non-governmental organization Working Group on Women Peace and Security, and human rights lawyers. Many protests were carried out publicly in events commonly called "Pride Parades." During these parades, protestors were seen with posters displaying their right to freedom of choice and equality. Many of the posters had written statements that mocked the recriminalization of Section 377, December 11, 2013. Statements such as, "Be Straight not Narrow" were commonly displayed on the posters. Many protestors also engaged in acts, illegal at the time, public displays of affection with those of the same sex. They did not seem to care about being imprisoned. The fight against Section 377 eventually went virtual. Protestors took to Facebook anonymously expressing themselves and how they felt about the law. The post reached many people across the world and encouraged others to join in. Leading to the 'Gay for a Day' campaign on Facebook.[3] This created public awareness of Section 377 across the world.

Section 377 today[edit]

Section 377 was finally repealed on September 6, 2018. India is finally free from the unjust laws of Section 377. The people of India are free to express themselves freely and legally. Although the law has been revoked many still do not agree with the lifestyle of gay men and women in India.[4]

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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