both
English
Alternative forms
- bothe (obsolete)
Etymology
From Middle English bothe, boþe, from Old English bā þā (“both the; both those”) and Old Norse báðir, from Proto-Germanic *bai. Cognate with Saterland Frisian bee (“both”), West Frisian beide (“both”), Dutch beide (“both”), German beide (“both”), Swedish både, båda, Danish både, Norwegian både, Icelandic báðir. Replaced Middle English bō, from Old English bā, a form of Old English bēġen.
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "RP" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. enPR: bōth, IPA(key): /bəʊθ/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "GA" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. enPR: bōth, IPA(key): /boʊθ/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "nonstandard US" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. enPR: bōlth, IPA(key): /boʊlθ/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Philadelphia" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E., IPA(key): [bɜʊ̯θ]
Audio (US): (file) - Rhymes: -əʊθ
Determiner
both
- Each of the two; one and the other; referring to two individuals or items.
- Both children are such dolls.
- Which one do you need? – I need both of them.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 21:27:
- Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech; and both of them made a covenant.
- 1717, Viscount Bolingbroke, Reflexions upon Exile:
- He will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the loss of his estate; but he will bear both, because he is prepared for both.
Usage notes
This word does not come between a possessive and its head noun. Say both (of) my hands, not *my both hands. Say, both (of) the king's horses, not *the king's both horses.
Derived terms
- bat for both sides
- best of both worlds
- both barrels
- both-handed
- both-handedly
- both-handedness
- both-hands
- both of ours
- both of theirs
- both of yours
- both-sides
- both … and
- burn one's candle at both ends
- burn the candle at both ends
- butter one's bread on both sides
- cut both ways
- go both ways
- grip oneself with both hands
- have a foot in both camps
- have it both ways
- hear both sides
- jump in with both feet
- make both ends meet
- not have both oars in the water
- out of both sides of one's mouth
- play both ends against the middle
- play both sides against the middle
- swing both ways
- take one's courage in both hands
- with both hands
- work both ends against the middle
- work both sides against the middle
- worst of both worlds
Translations
|
Pronoun
both
- Each of the two, or of the two kinds.
- "Did you want this one or that one?" — "Give me both."
- They were both here.
- 2013 July 19, Ian Sample, “Irregular bedtimes may affect children's brains”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 34:
- Irregular bedtimes may disrupt healthy brain development in young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits. ¶ Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both fared worse on mental tasks than children who had a set bedtime, researchers found.
Conjunction
both
- Including both of (used with and).
- Both you and I are students.
- 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:
- Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days. There was a great deal of them, lavish both in material and in workmanship.
- (obsolete) Including all of (used with and).
- 1598, Philip Sidney, The countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia, page 211:
- […] having much aduantage both in number, valure, and forepreparation […]
- 1766, [Oliver Goldsmith], The Vicar of Wakefield: […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), Salisbury, Wiltshire: […] B. Collins, for F[rancis] Newbery, […], →OCLC:
- Both mongrel, puppy, whelp, and hound.
- 1797–1798 (date written), [Samuel Taylor Coleridge], “The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere”, in Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems, London: […] J[ohn] & A[rthur] Arch, […], published 1798, →OCLC:
- He prayeth well who loveth well both man and bird and beast.
- 1892, Richard Congreve, Essays Political, Social, and Religious, volume 2, page 615:
- […] as he appreciates its beauty and its rich gifts, as he regards it with venerant love, fed by both his intellectual powers, his contemplation, and his meditation.
Translations
|
Quotations
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:both.
See also
Anagrams
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish both (“hut, cabin”), from Proto-Celtic *butā (compare Middle Welsh bot (“dwelling”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to be”). Related to English booth.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bˠɔ(h)/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Ulster" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /bˠoh/[1]
Noun
both f (genitive singular botha, nominative plural bothanna or botha)
Declension
- Alternative declension
Derived terms
- bothach (“hutted, full of huts”, adjective)
- bothán m (“shanty, cabin; hut, shed, coop”)
- bothchampa m (“hutment”)
- bothóg f (“shanty, cabin”)
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
both | bhoth | mboth |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 17
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “both”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- “both”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 both”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Middle English
Etymology 1
Noun
both
- Alternative form of bothe (“booth”)
Etymology 2
Determiner
both
- Alternative form of bothe (“both”)
Pronoun
both
- Alternative form of bothe (“both”)
Conjunction
both
- Alternative form of bothe (“both”)
Old Irish
Pronunciation
Noun
both f (genitive buithe)
- Alternative form of buith
Inflection
Feminine ā-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | bothL | — | — |
Vocative | bothL | — | — |
Accusative | buithN | — | — |
Genitive | buitheH | — | — |
Dative | buithL | — | — |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Verb
·both
Welsh
Etymology
Probably ultimately from Proto-Celtic *buzdos (“tail, penis”) perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷosdʰos (“piece of wood”) (compare Proto-Slavic *gvozdь (“nail, tack, peg”)). Cognates include Cornish both (“hump, stud”), Breton bod (“bush, shrub”), Irish bod (“penis”), Manx bod (“penis”) and Manx bwoid (“penis”).
Pronunciation
Noun
both f (plural bothau)
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
both | foth | moth | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “both”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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