μάσσω
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]There are two prevailing theories, based on which velar stop in the word's derivatives was the original:
- If γ (g), then from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂ǵyéti, from *meh₂ǵ- (“to knead”). Cognates include Proto-West Germanic *makōn (“to arrange, make”) (whence English make), Proto-Slavic *màzati (“to smear, anoint”), Old Armenian մած (mac, “glued together, curdled”), and perhaps Latin mācerō (“to soak and soften”), Sanskrit मचते (macate, “to pound, grind”), Hindi मचाना (macānā, “to cause, wreak”),
- If κ (k), then from Proto-Indo-European *meHnk- (“to press, knead”), and cognate with Lithuanian mìnkyti (“to knead”), Proto-Slavic *mę̀knǫti (“to become soft”), Proto-Slavic *mǭkà (“flour”), Proto-West Germanic *mangijan (“to mix, mingle”).
It is worth noting that these two roots appear to have been confused in various branches (as many of the cognates listed for *meHnk- have alternatively been derived from *meh₂ǵ-, though for all except the Germanic, this is phonetically implausible). It is possible that forms in or derived from κ (such as μακαρία (makaría) and μάσσω (mássō)) are from *meHnk- and suppletive with the forms in γ (such as μαγῆμαι (magêmai)), which would be from *meh₂ǵ-.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /más.sɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈmas.so/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈmas.so/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈmas.so/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈma.so/
Verb
[edit]μάσσω • (mássō)
- (transitive) to handle, work with one's hands, knead
- (transitive) to wipe
Inflection
[edit] Present: μᾰ́σσω, μᾰ́σσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔμᾰσσον | ἔμᾰσσες | ἔμᾰσσε(ν) | ἐμᾰ́σσετον | ἐμᾰσσέτην | ἐμᾰ́σσομεν | ἐμᾰ́σσετε | ἔμᾰσσον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐμᾰσσόμην | ἐμᾰ́σσου | ἐμᾰ́σσετο | ἐμᾰ́σσεσθον | ἐμᾰσσέσθην | ἐμᾰσσόμεθᾰ | ἐμᾰ́σσεσθε | ἐμᾰ́σσοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | μᾰ́ξω | μᾰ́ξεις | μᾰ́ξει | μᾰ́ξετον | μᾰ́ξετον | μᾰ́ξομεν | μᾰ́ξετε | μᾰ́ξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | μᾰ́ξοιμῐ | μᾰ́ξοις | μᾰ́ξοι | μᾰ́ξοιτον | μᾰξοίτην | μᾰ́ξοιμεν | μᾰ́ξοιτε | μᾰ́ξοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | μᾰ́ξομαι | μᾰ́ξῃ, μᾰ́ξει |
μᾰ́ξεται | μᾰ́ξεσθον | μᾰ́ξεσθον | μᾰξόμεθᾰ | μᾰ́ξεσθε | μᾰ́ξονται | ||||
optative | μᾰξοίμην | μᾰ́ξοιο | μᾰ́ξοιτο | μᾰ́ξοισθον | μᾰξοίσθην | μᾰξοίμεθᾰ | μᾰ́ξοισθε | μᾰ́ξοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | μᾰ��θήσομαι | μᾰχθήσῃ | μᾰχθήσεται | μᾰχθήσεσθον | μᾰχθήσεσθον | μᾰχθησόμεθᾰ | μᾰχθήσεσθε | μᾰχθήσονται | ||||
optative | μᾰχθησοίμην | μᾰχθήσοιο | μᾰχθήσοιτο | μᾰχθήσοισθον | μᾰχθησοίσθην | μᾰχθησοίμεθᾰ | μᾰχθήσοισθε | μᾰχθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | μᾰ́ξειν | μᾰ́ξεσθαι | μᾰχθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | μᾰ́ξων | μᾰξόμενος | μᾰχθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | μᾰ́ξουσᾰ | μᾰξομένη | μᾰχθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | μᾰ́ξον | μᾰξόμενον | μᾰχθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἐμᾰ́γην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | ἐμᾰ́γην | ἐμᾰ́γης | ἐμᾰ́γη | ἐμᾰ́γητον | ἐμᾰγήτην | ἐμᾰ́γημεν | ἐμᾰ́γητε | ἐμᾰ́γησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | μᾰγῶ | μᾰγῇς | μᾰγῇ | μᾰγῆτον | μᾰγῆτον | μᾰγῶμεν | μᾰγῆτε | μᾰγῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | μᾰγείην | μᾰγείης | μᾰγείη | μᾰγεῖτον, μᾰγείητον |
μᾰγείτην, μᾰγειήτην |
μᾰγεῖμεν, μᾰγείημεν |
μᾰγεῖτε, μᾰγείητε |
μᾰγεῖεν, μᾰγείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | μᾰ́γηθῐ | μᾰγήτω | μᾰ́γητον | μᾰγήτων | μᾰ́γητε | μᾰγέντων | |||||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | μᾰγῆναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | μᾰγείς | |||||||||||
f | μᾰγεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | μᾰγέν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Pluperfect: ἐμεμᾰ́χειν, ἐμεμᾰ́γμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐμεμᾰ́χειν, ἐμεμᾰ́χη |
ἐμεμᾰ́χεις, ἐμεμᾰ́χης |
ἐμεμᾰ́χει(ν) | ἐμεμᾰ́χετον | ἐμεμᾰχέτην | ἐμεμᾰ́χεμεν | ἐμεμᾰ́χετε | ἐμεμᾰ́χεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐμεμᾰ́γμην | ἐμέμᾰξο | ἐμέμᾰκτο | ἐμέμᾰχθον | ἐμεμᾰ́χθην | ἐμεμᾰ́γμεθᾰ | ἐμέμᾰχθε | ἐμεμᾰ́γᾰτο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μάσσω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 910-11
Further reading
[edit]- “μάσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “μάσσω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- μάσσω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette