على
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Arabic
[edit]Root |
---|
ع ل ي (ʕ l y) |
20 terms |
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Semitic *ʕalay- (“on, over”). Cognate with Akkadian 𒌋𒅗 (eli), Hebrew עַל ('al), עֲלֵי ('aléi), Aramaic עַל (ʿal).
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]عَلَى • (ʕalā)
- on, over
- against
- يَوْمٌ لَكَ وَيَوْمٌ عَلَيْكَ
- yawmun laka wayawmun ʕalayka
- one day for you, and one day against you
- سَجَّلَ ٱللَّاعِبُ خَمْسَةَ أَهْدَافٍ عَلَى خَصْمِهِ
- sajjala l-lāʕibu ḵamsata ʔahdāfin ʕalā ḵaṣmihi
- The player scored five goals against his opponent.
- expresses obligation
- despite
- on condition, provided
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 28:27:
- قَالَ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُنْكِحَكَ إِحْدَى ٱبْنَتَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ عَلَى أَن تَأْجُرَنِي ثَمَانِيَ حِجَجٍ
- qāla ʔinnī ʔurīdu ʔan ʔunkiḥaka ʔiḥdā bnatayya hātayni ʕalā ʔan taʔjuranī ṯamāniya ḥijajin
- He said, "Indeed, I wish to wed you one of these, my two daughters, on the condition that you serve me for eight years,"
Inflection
[edit]Inflected forms | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base form | عَلَى (ʕalā) | ||||
Personal-pronoun- including forms |
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Masculine | Feminine | Common | Masculine | Feminine | |
First person | عَلَيَّ (ʕalayya) | عَلَيْنَا (ʕalaynā) | |||
Second person | عَلَيْكَ (ʕalayka) | عَلَيْكِ (ʕalayki) | عَلَيْكُمَا (ʕalaykumā) | عَلَيْكُمْ (ʕalaykum) | عَلَيْكُنَّ (ʕalaykunna) |
Third person | عَلَيْهِ (ʕalayhi) | عَلَيْهَا (ʕalayhā) | عَلَيْهِمَا (ʕalayhimā) | عَلَيْهِمْ (ʕalayhim) | عَلَيْهِنَّ (ʕalayhinna) |
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “against”): لِـ (li-)
Related terms
[edit]- بِنَاءاً عَلَيْهْ (bināʔan ʕalayh)
- صَلَّى ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ (ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhī wa-ʔālihī wa-sallama)
- عَلَيْهِ ٱلصَّلَاةُ وَٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi ṣ-ṣalātu wa-s-salāmu)
- عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ (ʕalayhi s-salāmu)
- سَلَامُ ٱللّٰهِ عَلَيْهِ (salāmu llāhi ʕalayhi)
- عَلَامَ (ʕalāma)
Descendants
[edit]- Maltese: għal
(via third-person singular masculine form عَلَيْهِ (ʕalayhi)):
Etymology 2
[edit]Morphologically from the root ع ل ي (ʕ-l-y).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]عَلَى • (ʕalā) I, non-past يَعْلِي (yaʕlī)
- (transitive) to climb.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of
عَلَى
(form-I final-weak, verbal noun عَلْي)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
ʕaly | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
ʕālin | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
maʕliyy | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕalaytu |
ʕalayta |
عَلَى ʕalā |
ʕalaytumā |
ʕalayā |
ʕalaynā |
ʕalaytum |
ʕalaw | |||
f | ʕalayti |
ʕalat |
ʕalatā |
ʕalaytunna |
ʕalayna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔaʕlī |
taʕlī |
yaʕlī |
taʕliyāni |
yaʕliyāni |
naʕlī |
taʕlūna |
yaʕlūna | |||
f | taʕlīna |
taʕlī |
taʕliyāni |
taʕlīna |
yaʕlīna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔaʕliya |
taʕliya |
yaʕliya |
taʕliyā |
yaʕliyā |
naʕliya |
taʕlū |
yaʕlū | |||
f | taʕlī |
taʕliya |
taʕliyā |
taʕlīna |
yaʕlīna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔaʕli |
taʕli |
yaʕli |
taʕliyā |
yaʕliyā |
naʕli |
taʕlū |
yaʕlū | |||
f | taʕlī |
taʕli |
taʕliyā |
taʕlīna |
yaʕlīna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | iʕli |
iʕliyā |
iʕlū |
||||||||
f | iʕlī |
iʕlīna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ʕulītu |
ʕulīta |
ʕuliya |
ʕulītumā |
ʕuliyā |
ʕulīnā |
ʕulītum |
ʕulū | |||
f | ʕulīti |
ʕuliyat |
ʕuliyatā |
ʕulītunna |
ʕulīna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔuʕlā |
tuʕlā |
yuʕlā |
tuʕlayāni |
yuʕlayāni |
nuʕlā |
tuʕlawna |
yuʕlawna | |||
f | tuʕlayna |
tuʕlā |
tuʕlayāni |
tuʕlayna |
yuʕlayna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔuʕlā |
tuʕlā |
yuʕlā |
tuʕlayā |
yuʕlayā |
nuʕlā |
tuʕlaw |
yuʕlaw | |||
f | tuʕlay |
tuʕlā |
tuʕlayā |
tuʕlayna |
yuʕlayna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔuʕla |
tuʕla |
yuʕla |
tuʕlayā |
yuʕlayā |
nuʕla |
tuʕlaw |
yuʕlaw | |||
f | tuʕlay |
tuʕla |
tuʕlayā |
tuʕlayna |
yuʕlayna |
Etymology 3
[edit]Morphologically from the root ع ل ي (ʕ-l-y).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]عُلًى • (ʕulan) f pl
References
[edit]- Freytag, Georg (1835) “على”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 215–216
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “على”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[2] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, pages 352–356
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “على”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 746–750
Egyptian Arabic
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- ع (ʕa-)
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]على • (ʕala)
Inflection
[edit]Inflected forms of على | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base form | على (ʕala) | ||||
Personal-pronoun- including forms |
singular | plural | |||
m | f | ||||
1st person | علي (ʕalayya) | علينا (ʕalēna) | |||
2nd person | عليك (ʕalēk) | عليك (ʕalēki) | عليكوا (ʕalēku) | ||
3rd person | عليه (ʕalēh) | عليها (ʕalēha) | عليهم (ʕalēhum) |
Hijazi Arabic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]على • (ʕala)
- on, over
- Synonym: عَـ (ʕa, “on, over”)
- حتلاقيه على الرف/عالرف
- ḥatlāgī ʕala al-raff/ʕal-raff
- You will find it on rack
- against
- يوم ليك و يوم عليك
- yōm līk u yōm ʕalēk
- one day for you, and one day against you
- despite
Inflection
[edit]Inflected forms of على | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base form | على (ʕala) | ||||
Personal-pronoun- including forms |
singular | plural | |||
m | f | ||||
1st person | عَلَيّ (ʕalayya) | علينا (ʕalēna) | |||
2nd person | عليك (ʕalēk) | عليكي (ʕalēki) | عليكم (ʕalēkum) | ||
3rd person | عليه (ʕalē) | عليها (ʕalēha) | عليهم (ʕalēhum) |
Moroccan Arabic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]على • (ʕla)
Inflection
[edit]Inflected forms of على | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base form | على (ʕla) | ||||
Personal-pronoun- including forms |
singular | plural | |||
m | f | ||||
1st person | علي (ʕliyya) | علينا (ʕlīna) | |||
2nd person | عليك (ʕlīk) | عليك (ʕlīki) | عليكم (ʕlīkum) | ||
3rd person | عليه (ʕlīh) | عليها (ʕlīha) | عليهم (ʕlīhum) |
North Levantine Arabic
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- ع (ʕa-)
Etymology
[edit]Preposition
[edit]على • (ʕala)
- on; upon; onto
- (by extension) with a hint of
- about (a topic)
- to (a place)
- عم نسافر ع بيروت
- ʕam nsāfir ʕa bayrūt
- We’re travelling to Beirut.
- Used with an adjective given the definite article, marking it as an adverb
Usage notes
[edit]- The personal forms are built from the stem ʕlay- or ʕalay- as in عليكن (ʕ(a)laykun, “on you”).
- Sense 2 is construed as "A على B"; literally, "A on B". A is the dominant element in such a construction, not B, even though this seems to conflict with a literal reading:
- بوظا على جوز
- būẓa ʕala jōz
- walnut-flavored ice cream, or ice cream with walnuts
- (literally, “ice cream on walnuts”)
- جوز على بوظا
- jōz ʕala būẓa
- ice-cream-flavored walnuts
- (literally, “walnuts on ice cream”)
South Levantine Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Picture dictionary | |
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|
Alternative forms
[edit]- Shortened form: عـ (ʕa-)
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]على • (ʕala)
- to, toward
- Antonym: من (min)
- (location) on, onto, over
- Synonym: فوق (fōʔ, “above”)
- (time) at, on
- (auxiliary) must, should
- Synonym: لازم (lāzem)
Inflection
[edit]Inflected forms of على | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base form | على (ʕala) | ||||
Personal-pronoun- including forms |
singular | plural | |||
m | f | ||||
1st person | عليّ (ʕalayy) | علينا (ʕalēna) | |||
2nd person | عليك (ʕalēk) | عليك (ʕalēki) | عليكم (ʕalēkom) | ||
3rd person | عليه (ʕalē) | عليها (ʕalēha) | عليهم (ʕalēhom) |
Etymology 2
[edit]Root |
---|
ع ل ي |
4 terms |
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]علّى • (ʕalla) II (present بعلّي (biʕalli))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of علّى (ʕalla) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | علّيت (ʕallēt) | علّيت (ʕallēt) | علّى (ʕalla) | علّينا (ʕallēna) | علّيتو (ʕallētu) | علّو (ʕallu) | |
f | علّيتي (ʕallēti) | علّت (ʕallat) | ||||||
present | m | بعلّي (baʕalli) | بتعلّي (bitʕalli) | بعلّي (biʕalli) | منعلّي (minʕalli) | بتعلّو (bitʕallu) | بعلّو (biʕallu) | |
f | بتعلّي (bitʕalli) | بتعلّي (bitʕalli) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | اعلّي (aʕalli) | تعلّي (tʕalli) | يعلّي (yʕalli) | نعلّي (nʕalli) | تعلّو (tʕallu) | يعلّو (yʕallu) | |
f | تعلّي (tʕalli) | تعلّي (tʕalli) | ||||||
imperative | m | علّي (ʕalli) | علّو (ʕallu) | |||||
f | علّي (ʕalli) |
Categories:
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ع ل ي
- Arabic terms inherited from Proto-Semitic
- Arabic terms derived from Proto-Semitic
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Arabic/aː
- Rhymes:Arabic/laː
- Arabic terms with homophones
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic prepositions
- Arabic terms with usage examples
- Arabic terms with quotations
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic final-weak verbs by conjugation
- Arabic final-weak form-I verbs
- Arabic final-weak verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs with ي as third radical
- Arabic transitive verbs
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic non-lemma forms
- Arabic adjective forms
- Egyptian Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Egyptian Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Egyptian Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Egyptian Arabic lemmas
- Egyptian Arabic prepositions
- Hijazi Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hijazi Arabic lemmas
- Hijazi Arabic prepositions
- Hijazi Arabic terms with usage examples
- Moroccan Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Moroccan Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Moroccan Arabic 1-syllable words
- Moroccan Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Moroccan Arabic lemmas
- Moroccan Arabic prepositions
- North Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- North Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- North Levantine Arabic lemmas
- North Levantine Arabic prepositions
- North Levantine Arabic terms with usage examples
- Visual dictionary
- South Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic terms with audio links
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic prepositions
- South Levantine Arabic terms with usage examples
- ajp:Time
- South Levantine Arabic auxiliary verbs
- South Levantine Arabic terms belonging to the root ع ل ي
- South Levantine Arabic verbs
- South Levantine Arabic form-II verbs