京都
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Chinese
[edit]capital; Beijing (abbrev.) | metropolis; capital city; all metropolis; capital city; all; both (if two things are involved); entirely; even; already | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (京都) |
京 | 都 |
Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄉㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jingdu
- Wade–Giles: ching1-tu1
- Yale: jīng-dū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingdu
- Palladius: цзинду (czindu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ging1 dou1
- Yale: gīng dōu
- Cantonese Pinyin: ging1 dou1
- Guangdong Romanization: ging1 dou1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
Note:
- kiaⁿ-to͘ - vernacular;
- keng-to͘ - literary.
- Middle Chinese: kjaeng tu
Noun
[edit]京都
Usage notes
[edit]When translating the English term capital city, use 首都 (shǒudū) when referring to the capital of a country, 首府 (shǒufǔ) when referring to the capital of a state or autonomous region, and 省會/省会 (shěnghuì) when referring to the capital of a province. Alternative terms for the capital of a country include 國都/国都 (guódū), 京城 (jīngchéng), 京都 (jīngdū), 京邑 (jīngyì) and 都城 (dūchéng) all of which are more commonly used in literary language.
Synonyms
[edit]- 上國/上国 (shàngguó) (literary)
- 京城 (jīngchéng) (literary)
- 京師/京师 (jīngshī) (literary)
- 京華/京华 (jīnghuá) (literary)
- 京邑 (jīngyì) (literary)
- 國家/国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese)
- 國都/国都 (guódū)
- 帝都 (dìdū) (imperial capital)
- 王京 (wángjīng) (literary, royal capital)
- 王都 (wángdū) (formal, royal capital)
- 皇州 (huángzhōu) (literary, imperial capital)
- 神州 (shénzhōu) (literary)
- 都城 (dūchéng)
- 都邑 (dūyì) (literary)
- 都門/都门 (dūmén) (literary)
- 鎬京/镐京 (hàojīng) (literary)
- 長安/长安 (cháng'ān) (literary, figurative)
- 首都 (shǒudū)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 京都 (Kyōto).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄉㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Jingdu
- Wade–Giles: Ching1-tu1
- Yale: Jīng-dū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jingdu
- Palladius: Цзинду (Czindu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ging1 dou1
- Yale: gīng dōu
- Cantonese Pinyin: ging1 dou1
- Guangdong Romanization: ging1 dou1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵ tou̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kiaⁿ-to͘
- Tâi-lô: Kiann-too
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvia'dof
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiã⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
Proper noun
[edit]京都
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
京 | 都 |
きょう Grade: 2 |
と Grade: 3 |
goon | kan'on |
Alternative spelling |
---|
京都 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
[edit]/kjauto/ → /kjɔːto/ → /kjoːto/
From Middle Chinese 京都 (kˠiæŋ tuo, literally “capital city”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- a placename, especially:
- Short for 京都府 (Kyōto-fu): Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture (a prefecture of Japan)
- Short for 京都市 (Kyōto-shi): Kyoto (the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)
- a surname
- a female given name
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
Descendants
[edit]- → English: Kyoto
- → Korean: 교토 (Gyoto)
- → Portuguese: Kyoto
- → Russian: Кио́то m (Kióto)
- → Vietnamese: Kinh Đô
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “きょうと[キャウト] 【京都】
”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
Okinawan
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
京 | 都 |
Grade: 2 | Grade: 3 |
Alternative spelling |
---|
京都 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]京都 (Chōtu)
- Kyoto (a prefecture of Japan)
- Kyoto (the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture, Japan)
References
[edit]- Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)
Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
京 | 都 |
Proper noun
[edit]京都
Categories:
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 京
- Chinese terms spelled with 都
- Chinese literary terms
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese
- Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese
- Chinese terms derived from Japanese
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- zh:Kyoto
- zh:Cities in Kyoto Prefecture
- zh:Cities in Japan
- zh:Places in Kyoto Prefecture
- zh:Places in Japan
- zh:Kyoto Prefecture
- zh:Prefectures of Japan
- Japanese terms spelled with 京 read as きょう
- Japanese terms spelled with 都 read as と
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with audio links
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese short forms
- ja:Kyoto Prefecture
- ja:Prefectures of Japan
- ja:Places in Japan
- ja:Kyoto
- ja:Cities in Kyoto Prefecture
- ja:Cities in Japan
- ja:Prefectural capitals of Japan
- ja:Places in Kyoto Prefecture
- Japanese surnames
- Japanese given names
- Japanese female given names
- Okinawan terms spelled with 京
- Okinawan terms spelled with 都
- Okinawan terms borrowed from Japanese
- Okinawan terms derived from Japanese
- Okinawan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Okinawan lemmas
- Okinawan proper nouns
- Okinawan terms with multiple readings
- Okinawan terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Okinawan terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Okinawan terms with 2 kanji
- ryu:Kyoto Prefecture
- ryu:Prefectures of Japan
- ryu:Places in Japan
- ryu:Kyoto
- ryu:Cities in Kyoto Prefecture
- ryu:Cities in Japan
- ryu:Prefectural capitals of Japan
- ryu:Places in Kyoto Prefecture
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese proper nouns
- Vietnamese proper nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- vi:Prefectures of Japan
- vi:Places in Japan
- vi:Cities in Kyoto Prefecture
- vi:Cities in Japan
- vi:Prefectural capitals of Japan
- vi:Places in Kyoto Prefecture