家族
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Chinese
[edit]home; family; ‑ist home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools |
race; nationality; ethnicity race; nationality; ethnicity; clan | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (家族) | 家 | 族 | |
simp. #(家族) | 家 | 族 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa1 zuk6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kâ-chhu̍k
- Eastern Min (BUC): gă-cŭk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1cia-zoq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚ ㄗㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiazú
- Wade–Giles: chia1-tsu2
- Yale: jyā-dzú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiatzwu
- Palladius: цзяцзу (czjaczu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ t͡su³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gaa1 zuk6
- Yale: gā juhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaa1 dzuk9
- Guangdong Romanization: ga1 zug6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaː⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ-chhu̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: gaˊ cug
- Hagfa Pinyim: ga1 cug6
- Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰuk̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gă-cŭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka⁵⁵ (t͡s-)ʒuʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: kae dzuwk
Noun
[edit]家族
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
家 | 族 |
か Grade: 2 |
ぞく Grade: 3 |
kan'on | goon |
Etymology
[edit]Ultimately from Middle Chinese 家族 (MC kae dzuwk). However, not attested until 1808,[1] so possibly a borrowing from modern written Chinese 家族 (jiāzú) with the expected Japanese reading applied.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a family, a household
- 2015 July 27, Åsa Ekström, “第1話 (Daiichiwa) ようこそ、ここへ (Yōkoso, Koko E) [Chapter 1: Welcome Here]”, in さよならセプテンバー (Sayonara Seputenbā) [Goodbye September], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Creek & River:
- ぼくらは幸せな家族になるよぜったい!
- Bokura wa shiawase na kazoku ni naru yo zettai!
- We’ll definitely make a happy family!
- ぼくらは幸せな家族になるよぜったい!
Usage notes
[edit]家族 refers to one’s own family, particularly immediate family – parents, children, and siblings. To refer to another’s family, one uses the honorific form ご家族 (go-kazoku, “another’s family”, honorific). To refer to one’s relatives generally, one uses 親戚 (shinseki, “relative”), which includes even distant relatives. For first cousins – i.e. aunts, uncles, and close cousins – one may use 近親 (kinshin, “close relative”). For close people, not necessarily family, one may use 身内 (miuchi, “close family, close friends”).
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ “家族”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
家 | 族 |
Noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
家 | 族 |
Noun
[edit]家族
Categories:
- Cantonese terms with audio links
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 家
- Chinese terms spelled with 族
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Beginning Mandarin
- zh:Family
- zh:Collectives
- Japanese terms spelled with 家 read as か
- Japanese terms spelled with 族 read as ぞく
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- ja:Family
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán