寡人
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Chinese
[edit]few; widowed | man; person; people | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (寡人) |
寡 | 人 |
Etymology
[edit]Kong Yingda explains this term as 寡德之人 (guǎdé zhī rén "person of meagre virtue").[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaa2 jan4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kóa-ngìn
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kóa-lîn / kóaⁿ-jîn
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄚˇ ㄖㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: guǎrén
- Wade–Giles: kua3-jên2
- Yale: gwǎ-rén
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goaren
- Palladius: гуажэнь (guažɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku̯ä²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gwaa2 jan4
- Yale: gwá yàhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: gwaa2 jan4
- Guangdong Romanization: gua2 yen4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʷaː³⁵ jɐn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kóa-ngìn
- Hakka Romanization System: guaˋ nginˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gua3 ngin2
- Sinological IPA: /ku̯a³¹ ŋin¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kóa-lîn
- Tâi-lô: kuá-lîn
- Phofsit Daibuun: koafliin
- IPA (Xiamen): /kua⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lin²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kóaⁿ-jîn
- Tâi-lô: kuánn-jîn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvoafjiin
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuã⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ zin²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Middle Chinese: kwaeX nyin
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.k]ʷˤraʔ ni[ŋ]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʷraːʔ njin/
Pronoun
[edit]寡人
- (imperial, humble, archaic) I; we; "lonesome one" (similar to the royal we; reserved for used by monarchs to their subordinates)
- 於是王召見,問藺相如曰:「秦王以十五城請易寡人之璧,可予不?」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Yúshì wáng zhàojiàn, wèn Lìn Xiàngrú yuē: “Qín wáng yǐ shíwǔ chéng qǐng yì guǎrén zhī bì, kě yǔ fǒu?” [Pinyin]
- So the King summoned Lin Xiangru and asked, "The King of Qin has proposed bartering fifteen towns for my jade (Heshibi). Can I give him (my jade)?"
于是王召见,问蔺相如曰:「秦王以十五城请易寡人之璧,可予不?」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (noble, archaic) I (first-person pronoun used by the wife of a feudal prince)
- 先君之思、以勗寡人。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Xiānjūn zhī sī, yǐ xù guǎrén. [Pinyin]
- In thinking of our deceased lord, she encouraged me.
先君之思、以勖寡人。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
See also
[edit]Noun
[edit]寡人
Derived terms
[edit]- 孤家寡人 (gūjiāguǎrén)
References
[edit]- ^ Zheng Xuan (annotator) and Kong Yingda (clarifier).《禮記正義》 Correct Meanings of Book of Rites, 卷五 "Volume 5". quote:「寡人者,言己是寡德之人。」
Further reading
[edit]- 朱熹 (Zhu Xi), 《孟子集注》 Collected Annotations on Mencius, "King Hui of Liang A"
- 朱熹 (Zhu Xi), 《詩經集傳》 Collected Commentaries on the Classic of Poetry, "Volume 2"
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