恐懼
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See also: 恐惧
Chinese
[edit]afraid; frightened; to fear | to fear | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (恐懼) | 恐 | 懼 | |
simp. (恐惧) | 恐 | 惧 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄐㄩˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kǒngjyù
- Wade–Giles: kʻung3-chü4
- Yale: kǔng-jyù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: koongjiuh
- Palladius: кунцзюй (kunczjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕy⁵¹/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 孔鋸/孔锯
恐懼/恐惧
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: hung2 geoi6
- Yale: húng geuih
- Cantonese Pinyin: hung2 goey6
- Guangdong Romanization: hung2 gêu6
- Sinological IPA (key): /hʊŋ³⁵ kɵy̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khióng-kī
- Tâi-lô: khióng-kī
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiofngki
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki²²/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khióng-khū
- Tâi-lô: khióng-khū
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiofngqu
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kʰu³³/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰu³³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kiong2 gu6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khióng kŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰioŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ ku³⁵/
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: khjowngX gjuH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰ(r)oŋʔ [ɡ]ʷ(r)a(k)-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoŋʔ ɡʷas/
Adjective
[edit]恐懼
Synonyms
[edit]Verb
[edit]恐懼
- to fear
Synonyms
[edit]Noun
[edit]恐懼
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]- 恐怖 (kǒngbù)
Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
恐 | 懼 |
きょう Grade: S |
く Hyōgai |
on'yomi |
Noun
[edit]- being struck with awe
Verb
[edit]恐懼する • (kyōku suru) suru (stem 恐懼し (kyōku shi), past 恐懼した (kyōku shita))
- to be struck with awe
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "恐懼する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 恐懼し | きょうくし | kyōku shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 恐懼し | きょうくし | kyōku shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 恐懼する | きょうくする | kyōku suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 恐懼する | きょうくする | kyōku suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 恐懼すれ | きょうくすれ | kyōku sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 恐懼せよ¹ 恐懼しろ² |
きょうくせよ¹ きょうくしろ² |
kyōku seyo¹ kyōku shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 恐懼される | きょうくされる | kyōku sareru | |
Causative | 恐懼させる 恐懼さす |
きょうくさせる きょうくさす |
kyōku saseru kyōku sasu | |
Potential | 恐懼できる | きょうくできる | kyōku dekiru | |
Volitional | 恐懼しよう | きょうくしよう | kyōku shiyō | |
Negative | 恐懼しない | きょうくしない | kyōku shinai | |
Negative continuative | 恐懼せず | きょうくせず | kyōku sezu | |
Formal | 恐懼します | きょうくします | kyōku shimasu | |
Perfective | 恐懼した | きょうくした | kyōku shita | |
Conjunctive | 恐懼して | きょうくして | kyōku shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 恐懼すれば | きょうくすれば | kyōku sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
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