抗
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]抗 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 手卜竹弓 (QYHN), four-corner 50017, composition ⿰扌亢)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 422, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11889
- Dae Jaweon: page 769, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1843, character 4
- Unihan data for U+6297
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
抗 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 炕 “to raise” |
Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
笐 | *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs |
亢 | *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs |
牨 | *kaːŋ |
苀 | *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ |
魧 | *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ |
迒 | *kaːŋ, *ɡaːŋ |
邟 | *kʰaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ |
忼 | *kʰaːŋʔ, *qʰaːŋ |
骯 | *kʰaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *qaːŋ |
抗 | *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ |
炕 | *kʰaːŋs, *qʰaːŋ |
伉 | *kʰaːŋs |
閌 | *kʰaːŋs |
犺 | *kʰaːŋs |
蚢 | *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ |
砊 | *kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ |
阬 | *kʰaːŋs, *kʰraːŋ |
頏 | *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ |
航 | *ɡaːŋ |
杭 | *ɡaːŋ |
沆 | *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ |
肮 | *ɡaːŋ |
吭 | *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋʔ, *ɡaːŋs |
秔 | *kraːŋ |
坑 | *kʰraːŋ |
劥 | *kʰraːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kʰaːŋs, *ɡaːŋ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, *kʰaːŋs).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): kong3
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): kǎng
- Eastern Min (BUC): káung
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5khaon
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄤˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kàng
- Wade–Giles: kʻang4
- Yale: kàng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kanq
- Palladius: кан (kan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kong3
- Yale: kong
- Cantonese Pinyin: kong3
- Guangdong Romanization: kong3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɔːŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khong
- Hakka Romanization System: kong
- Hagfa Pinyim: kong4
- Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kǎng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰaŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: káung
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɑuŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 抗 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /kʰɑŋ⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /kʰaŋ⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /kʰɑŋ⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /kʰaŋ²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /kʰaŋ⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /kʰaŋ³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /kʰaŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /kʰɔ̃²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /kʰɑŋ¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /kʰɑ̃¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /kʰɑŋ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /kʰaŋ³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /kʰaŋ¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /kʰaŋ²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /kʰã̠¹/ | |
Nanjing | /kʰaŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /kʰɑ̃⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /kʰɒ̃¹¹/ ~不住 /kʰɒ̃⁴⁵/ 抵~ |
Pingyao | /kʰɑŋ³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /kʰɑ̃⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /kʰɑ̃³⁵/ |
Suzhou | /kʰɑ̃⁵¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /kʰɑŋ⁵³/ | |
Wenzhou | /kʰuɔ⁴²/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /kʰa³²⁴/ |
Tunxi | /kʰau⁴²/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /kʰan⁵⁵/ |
Xiangtan | /kʰɔn⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /kʰɔŋ²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /kʰoŋ⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kʰɔŋ³³/ |
Nanning | /kʰɔŋ³³/ | |
Hong Kong | /kʰɔŋ³³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰɔŋ²¹/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰɔuŋ²¹²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kaŋ²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰaŋ²¹³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /xaŋ³⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: hang, khangH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤaŋ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰaːŋs/, /*ɡaːŋ/
Definitions
[edit]抗
- to resist, to oppose
- 抗日戰爭/抗日战争 ― kàngrì zhànzhēng ― "War of Resistance Against Japan" (the Second Sino-Japanese War)
- 關公曰:「汝怎敢抗吾?」禁曰:「上命差遣,身不由己。望君侯憐憫,誓以死報。」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
- Guāngōng yuē: “Rǔ zěn gǎn kàng wú?” Jìn yuē: “Shàngmìng chāiqiǎn, shēnbùyóujǐ. Wàng jūnhóu liánmǐn, shì yǐ sǐ bào.” [Pinyin]
- Lord Guan said: "How dare you oppose me?" (Yu) Jin said: "We were ordered from above, (we did so) not on our own accord. We hope ye, milord, would have mercy. We swear we'll repay that with death."
关公曰:「汝怎敢抗吾?」禁曰:「上命差遣,身不由己。望君侯怜悯,誓以死报。」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- (obsolete) to raise; to lift; to elevate; to hold high
- 寧與騏驥亢軛乎?將隨駑馬之跡乎? [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
- Nìng yǔ qíjì kàng'è hū? Jiāng suí númǎ zhījì hū? [Pinyin]
- Shall I rather hold myself aloft in the yoke of Pegasus, or waste away after the tracks of a Rocinante?
宁与骐骥亢轭乎?将随驽马之迹乎? [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Compounds
[edit]- 不可抗力 (bùkěkànglì)
- 不可抗拒 (bùkě kàngjù)
- 不抗不卑
- 八年抗戰/八年抗战
- 分庭抗禮/分庭抗礼 (fēntíngkànglǐ)
- 匹配阻抗
- 反抗 (fǎnkàng)
- 反抗期
- 對抗/对抗 (duìkàng)
- 對抗賽/对抗赛
- 抗凝血劑/抗凝血剂
- 抗利尿素
- 抗力 (kànglì)
- 抗力點/抗力点
- 抗原 (kàngyuán)
- 抗告 (kànggào)
- 抗命
- 抗塵走俗/抗尘走俗
- 抗心希古
- 抗志
- 抗憂鬱藥/抗忧郁药
- 抗戰/抗战 (kàngzhàn)
- 抗戰勝利/抗战胜利
- 抗戰夫人/抗战夫人
- 抗戰歌曲/抗战歌曲
- 抗手
- 抗拒 (kàngjù)
- 抗敵/抗敌 (kàngdí)
- 抗日 (kàngrì)
- 抗日戰爭/抗日战争 (Kàngrì Zhànzhēng)
- 抗旱 (kànghàn)
- 抗暴 (kàngbào)
- 抗毒素 (kàngdúsù)
- 抗毒血清
- 抗氧化劑/抗氧化剂 (kàngyǎnghuàjì)
- 抗溼紙/抗湿纸
- 抗爭/抗争 (kàngzhēng)
- 抗生素 (kàngshēngsù)
- 抗疏
- 抗直
- 抗禮/抗礼
- 抗稅/抗税 (kàngshuì)
- 抗節/抗节
- 抗糧/抗粮
- 抗組織胺/抗组织胺 (kàngzǔzhī'àn)
- 抗菌素 (kàngjūnsù)
- 抗菌血清
- 抗藥性/抗药性
- 抗血清
- 抗行
- 抗衡 (kànghéng)
- 抗論/抗论
- 抗議/抗议 (kàngyì)
- 抗議文學/抗议文学
- 抗議書/抗议书
- 抗足
- 抗辯/抗辩 (kàngbiàn)
- 抗逆力 (kàngnìlì)
- 抗邁/抗迈
- 抗震 (kàngzhèn)
- 抗章
- 抗頡作用/抗颉作用
- 抗顏/抗颜
- 抗首
- 抗體/抗体 (kàngtǐ)
- 拒抗
- 抵抗 (dǐkàng)
- 抵抗力 (dǐkànglì)
- 抵抗權/抵抗权
- 拮抗 (jiékàng)
- 搭抗
- 撇抗
- 擣虛撇抗/捣虚撇抗
- 暴抗
- 狼抗
- 負嵎頑抗/负嵎顽抗 (fùyúwánkàng)
- 負隅頑抗/负隅顽抗 (fùyúwánkàng)
- 違抗/违抗 (wéikàng)
- 阻抗 (zǔkàng)
- 難與抗衡/难与抗衡
- 頑抗/顽抗 (wánkàng)
- 高抗
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]抗
- fight against
- meet head on
- contravene
- to disagree with
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical); ごう (gō)←がう (gau, historical)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Kun: あらがう (aragau, 抗う); ふせぐ (fusegu, 抗ぐ)
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 抗 (MC hang).
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading かう
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- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading がう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading こう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading かう
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading ふせ・ぐ
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