泣く
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Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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泣 |
な Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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哭く |
Etymology
[edit]From Old Japanese, derived from 音 (na, “(emotional) sound, voice”, bound form) [1] + く (-ku, verb suffix). Cognate with 鳴く (naku).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "泣く"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
泣く | なく | [nàkú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 泣け | なけ | [nàké] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 泣かれる | なかれる | [nàkárérú] |
Causative | 泣かせる | なかせる | [nàkásérú] |
Potential | 泣ける | なける | [nàkérú] |
Volitional | 泣こう | なこー | [nàkóꜜò] |
Negative | 泣かない | なかない | [nàkánáí] |
Negative perfective | 泣かなかった | なかなかった | [nàkánáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 泣きます | なきます | [nàkímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 泣いた | ないた | [nàítá] |
Conjunctive | 泣いて | ないて | [nàíté] |
Hypothetical conditional | 泣けば | なけば | [nàkéꜜbà] |
Verb
[edit]泣く • (naku) godan (stem 泣き (naki), past 泣いた (naita))
- (intransitive) to cry; to weep; to sob
- Rumiko Takahashi, “PART.8 格闘演芸会 [Part 8: Fighting Show]”, in らんま½ [Ranma ½], volume 5 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 137:
- て、天道あかねっ‼なんてことをするんだっ‼
- Te, Tendō Akane'‼ Nan te koto o suru n da'‼
- Te— Tendō Akane!! How could you!?
- Naku n ja nai'‼
- Quit wailing, will you!?
- て、天道あかねっ‼なんてことをするんだっ‼
- 2005 November 9, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “武装錬金ファイナル [Armed Alchemy: The Final Act]”, in 武装錬金 [Armed Alchemy], volume 9 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 180:
- バカヤロオォ‼許さねぇぞ 武藤ォ!よくも先輩を泣かせやがって…‼
- Baka yarōo‼ Yurusanē zo Mutōo! Yoku mo senpai o nakaseyagatte…‼
- Bastard!! I won’t forgive you, Mutō! How dare you make senpai cry…!!
- バカヤロオォ‼許さねぇぞ 武藤ォ!よくも先輩を泣かせやがって…‼
- (intransitive) to howl
- (transitive) to grieve over something
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "泣く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 泣か | なか | naka |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 泣き | なき | naki |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 泣く | なく | naku |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 泣く | なく | naku |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 泣け | なけ | nake |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 泣け | なけ | nake |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 泣かれる | なかれる | nakareru |
Causative | 泣かせる 泣かす |
なかせる なかす |
nakaseru nakasu |
Potential | 泣ける | なける | nakeru |
Volitional | 泣こう | なこう | nakō |
Negative | 泣かない | なかない | nakanai |
Negative continuative | 泣かず | なかず | nakazu |
Formal | 泣きます | なきます | nakimasu |
Perfective | 泣いた | ないた | naita |
Conjunctive | 泣いて | ないて | naite |
Hypothetical conditional | 泣けば | なけば | nakeba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 泣か | なか | naka |
Continuative (連用形) | 泣き | なき | naki |
Terminal (終止形) | 泣く | なく | naku |
Attributive (連体形) | 泣く | なく | naku |
Realis (已然形) | 泣け | なけ | nake |
Imperative (命令形) | 泣け | なけ | nake |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 泣かず | なかず | nakazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 泣けど | なけど | nakedo |
Causal conjunction | 泣けば | なけば | nakeba |
Conditional conjunction | 泣かば | なかば | nakaba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 泣きき | なきき | nakiki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 泣きけり | なきけり | nakikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 泣きつ | なきつ | nakitu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 泣きぬ | なきぬ | nakinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 泣けり 泣きたり |
なけり なきたり |
nakeri nakitari |
Volitional | 泣かむ | なかむ | nakamu |
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- 泣き (naki)
- 鳴く (naku), 啼く (naku)
- 泣く泣く (nakunaku, “tearfully, in tears, weeping, crying”)
- しくしく泣く (shikushikunaku, “sob, weep”)
- すすり泣く, 啜り泣く, 啜りなく (susuri-naku, “sob”)
- 一銭を笑う者は一銭に泣く (issen o warau mono wa issen ni naku, “take care of the penny”)
- 名が泣く (naganaku): of a restaurant or a public person, to not be worthy of some reputation
- 咽び泣く (musebinaku, “sob, be choked with tears”)
- 忍び泣く (shinobi-naku, “shed silent tears”)
- 泣く子と地頭には勝てぬ (nakuko to jitō ni wa katenu): you can't fight City Hall, you cannot win against someone who doesn't listen to reason
- 蚊の泣くような声 (ka no naku yō na koe, “very thin voice”)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
- Kitahara, Yasuo, editor (2002), 明鏡国語辞典 [Meikyō Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 泣 read as な
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese type 1 verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese transitive verbs