短
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]短 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人大一口廿 (OKMRT), four-corner 81418, composition ⿰矢豆)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 824, character 33
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23978
- Dae Jaweon: page 1237, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2584, character 3
- Unihan data for U+77ED
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
短 | |
---|---|---|
2nd round simp. | 𰦓 | |
alternative forms | 𠭴 Min Nan |
Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *toːnʔ) : semantic 矢 + phonetic 豆 (OC *doːs).
Etymology
[edit]The Proto-Min reconstructed form is *toiᴮ (Bodman, 1980). The relationship of this to the -n forms in other dialects is unclear and two theories exist:
- Old Chinese *tˤorʔ divergently developed into (1) *toj in southeastern China, and (2) *ton elsewhere (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Compare also:
- Proto-Min may represent the original Old Chinese form, and the forms in other Chinese varieties are due to confusion with 斷 (OC *toːnʔ, *toːns, *doːnʔ, “to cut”) (Schuessler, 2007).
STEDT sets up two roots for this: Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(j)u(ŋ/n) (“short”), whence Burmese တောင်း (taung:, “short (as in garment)”), and *dəw (“short”), whence Burmese တို (tui, “short”), Mizo tawi (“short”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): duan3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дуан (duan, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): don3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): duan2
- Northern Min (KCR): dǒ
- Eastern Min (BUC): dōi / duāng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 5toe / 3toe
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): donn3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: duǎn
- Wade–Giles: tuan3
- Yale: dwǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: doan
- Palladius: дуань (duanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu̯än²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: duan3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: duan
- Sinological IPA (key): /tuan⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дуан (duan, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tuæ̃⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dyun2
- Yale: dyún
- Cantonese Pinyin: dyn2
- Guangdong Romanization: dün2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tyːn³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: on2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵘɔn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: don3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɵn²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tón
- Hakka Romanization System: don`
- Hagfa Pinyim: don3
- Sinological IPA: /ton³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: duan2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tuæ̃⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dǒ
- Sinological IPA (key): /to²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dōi / duāng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tøy³³/, /tuaŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- dōi - colloquial (“short (of distance)”);
- duāng - literary (“short; deficient; shortcoming”).
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: té
- Tâi-lô: té
- Phofsit Daibuun: dea
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Tainan, Yilan): /te⁵³/
- IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /te⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /te⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Philippines)
Note:
- té/tér - colloquial;
- toán - literary.
- Middle Chinese: twanX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤorʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*toːnʔ/
Definitions
[edit]短
- short (of distance)
- short (of time); brief
- (literary or Wu) short (in stature)
- 蓋帝堯長,帝舜短;文王長,周公短;仲尼長,子弓短。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
- Gài Dì Yáo cháng, Dì Shùn duǎn; Wénwáng cháng, Zhōugōng duǎn; Zhòngní cháng, Zǐgōng duǎn. [Pinyin]
- Emperor Yao was tall, but Emperor Shun was short; King Wen was tall, but the Duke of Zhou was short; Confucius was tall, but Zigong was short.
盖帝尧长,帝舜短;文王长,周公短;仲尼长,子弓短。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- deficient; lacking
- weakness; shortcoming; mistake
- (Mainland China, transitive) to text; to send a text message to
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 一爭長短/一争长短
- 一較長短/一较长短
- 一長一短/一长一短 (yīchángyīduǎn)
- 一長二短/一长二短
- 一長兩短/一长两短
- 七長八短/七长八短
- 三長兩短/三长两短 (sānchángliǎngduǎn)
- 不短
- 中短波
- 五短身材
- 亡身短命
- 人窮志短/人穷志短 (rénqióngzhìduǎn)
- 人窮智短/人穷智短
- 人貧智短/人贫智短
- 你長我短/你长我短
- 修短
- 前長後短/前长后短
- 匾短
- 十個指頭有長短/十个指头有长短
- 十指有長短/十指有长短
- 取長補短/取长补短 (qǔchángbǔduǎn)
- 吃人的嘴軟,拿人的手短/吃人的嘴软,拿人的手短
- 問長問短/问长问短 (wènchángwènduǎn)
- 喉長氣短/喉长气短
- 大風吹倒梧桐樹,自有旁人說短長/大风吹倒梧桐树,自有旁人说短长
- 家長裡短/家长里短
- 寸長尺短/寸长尺短
- 尋短見/寻短见 (xúnduǎnjiàn)
- 尺有所短,寸有所長/尺有所短,寸有所长 (chǐ yǒu suǒ duǎn, cùn yǒu suǒ cháng)
- 尺短寸長/尺短寸长
- 庇短
- 張家長李家短/张家长李家短
- 心長髮短/心长发短
- 志大才短
- 念短頭經/念短头经
- 怕長怕短/怕长怕短
- 惡惡從短/恶恶从短
- 情長紙短/情长纸短
- 截短拳
- 截長補短/截长补短
- 戳短拳
- 才短氣粗/才短气粗
- 手長衣袖短/手长衣袖短
- 打短 (dǎduǎn)
- 打短兒/打短儿 (dǎduǎnr)
- 折長補短/折长补短
- 拔短梯
- 拔短籌/拔短筹
- 拔著短籌/拔著短筹
- 持人長短/持人长短
- 指長話短/指长话短
- 捨短取長/舍短取长
- 揭短 (jiēduǎn)
- 揚長避短/扬长避短 (yángchángbìduǎn)
- 撥火又長,拄門又短/拨火又长,拄门又短
- 數短論長/数短论长
- 斷長續短/断长续短
- 斷長補短/断长补短
- 旁人短長/旁人短长
- 春宵苦短
- 是長是短/是长是短
- 晝短夜長/昼短夜长
- 智短
- 更長夢短/更长梦短
- 木杓火杖兒短,強如手撥剌/木杓火杖儿短,强如手拨剌
- 東家長西家短/东家长西家短 (dōngjiā cháng xījiā duǎn)
- 棄短取長/弃短取长
- 極短篇/极短篇
- 毀短/毁短
- 氣短/气短 (qìduǎn)
- 汲深綆短/汲深绠短
- 沒短的/没短的
- 爭短論長/争短论长
- 爭長爭短/争长争短
- 爭長競短/争长竞短
- 爭長論短/争长论短
- 理短
- 當著矮人,別說短話/当著矮人,别说短话
- 目光短淺/目光短浅 (mùguāngduǎnqiǎn)
- 目短於自見/目短于自见
- 眼光短淺/眼光短浅
- 短不了
- 短亭
- 短促 (duǎncù)
- 短價/短价
- 短兒/短儿
- 短兵 (duǎnbīng)
- 短兵接戰/短兵接战
- 短兵相接 (duǎnbīngxiāngjiē)
- 短刀 (duǎndāo)
- 短劇/短剧
- 短句
- 短命 (duǎnmìng)
- 短命鬼 (duǎnmìngguǐ)
- 短嘆長吁/短叹长吁
- 短垣自逾
- 短壽促命/短寿促命
- 短小 (duǎnxiǎo)
- 短小精悍 (duǎnxiǎo jīnghàn)
- 短少 (duǎnshǎo)
- 短局
- 短局促
- 短工 (duǎngōng)
- 短平快 (duǎnpíngkuài)
- 短幸
- 短序 (duǎnxù)
- 短後/短后
- 短戟 (duǎnjǐ)
- 短打
- 短折
- 短接
- 短撥/短拨
- 短撅兒/短撅儿
- 短文 (duǎnwén)
- 短斤缺兩/短斤缺两
- 短暫/短暂 (duǎnzàn)
- 短書/短书
- 短期 (duǎnqī)
- 短期投資/短期投资
- 短槍/短枪 (duǎnqiāng)
- 短欠
- 短款
- 短氣/短气
- 短波 (duǎnbō)
- 短波廣播/短波广播
- 短淺/短浅 (duǎnqiǎn)
- 短漏
- 短片 (duǎnpiàn)
- 短盤/短盘
- 短票
- 短視/短视 (duǎnshì)
- 短視近利/短视近利
- 短禮/短礼
- 短秤 (duǎnchèng)
- 短程 (duǎnchéng)
- 短笛 (duǎndí)
- 短筆/短笔
- 短篇 (duǎnpiān)
- 短篇小說/短篇小说 (duǎnpiān xiǎoshuō)
- 短簡/短简
- 短絀/短绌
- 短綆汲深/短绠汲深
- 短線/短线 (duǎnxiàn)
- 短缺 (duǎnquē)
- 短處/短处 (duǎnchu)
- 短行
- 短衣 (duǎnyī)
- 短袖 (duǎnxiù)
- 短裙 (duǎnqún)
- 短褐
- 短褐不全
- 短褐不完
- 短褲/短裤 (duǎnkù)
- 短襖/短袄
- 短見/短见 (duǎnjiàn)
- 短見薄識/短见薄识
- 短計/短计
- 短訊/短讯 (duǎnxùn)
- 短評/短评 (duǎnpíng)
- 短話/短话
- 短語/短语 (duǎnyǔ)
- 短調/短调
- 短趁
- 短跑 (duǎnpǎo)
- 短路 (duǎnlù)
- 短途 (duǎntú)
- 短道兒/短道儿
- 短遞/短递
- 短針/短针 (duǎnzhēn)
- 短長/短长
- 短長之說/短长之说
- 短音 (duǎnyīn)
- 短頭/短头
- 短髮/短发 (duǎnfà)
- 種火又長,拄門又短/种火又长,拄门又短
- 競短爭長/竞短争长
- 箸長碗短/箸长碗短
- 簡短/简短 (jiǎnduǎn)
- 精悍短小
- 紙短情長/纸短情长
- 絕長繼短/绝长继短
- 絕長續短/绝长续短
- 絕長補短/绝长补短
- 綆短汲深/绠短汲深
- 縮短/缩短 (suōduǎn)
- 缺斤短兩/缺斤短两 (quējīnduǎnliǎng)
- 自尋短見/自寻短见 (zìxúnduǎnjiàn)
- 臭短臊長/臭短臊长
- 舍短取長/舍短取长
- 舍短從長/舍短从长
- 舍短用長/舍短用长
- 舍短錄長/舍短录长
- 英雄氣短/英雄气短
- 英雄短氣/英雄短气
- 虧心短行/亏心短行
- 虧短/亏短
- 蜚短流長/蜚短流长 (fēiduǎnliúcháng)
- 行短
- 行短才喬/行短才乔
- 行短才高
- 補短/补短
- 見短/见短
- 見識淺短/见识浅短
- 計窮智短/计穷智短
- 訾短
- 說短論長/说短论长
- 說短道長/说短道长
- 說短長/说短长
- 說長短/说长短
- 說長說短/说长说短
- 說長論短/说长论短
- 說長道短/说长道短 (shuōchángdàoduǎn)
- 議長論短/议长论短
- 護短/护短 (hùduǎn)
- 貨短/货短
- 超短波 (chāoduǎnbō)
- 較短量長/较短量长
- 長亭短亭/长亭短亭
- 長吁短嘆/长吁短叹 (chángxūduǎntàn)
- 長痛不如短痛/长痛不如短痛 (cháng tòng bùrú duǎn tòng)
- 長短/长短 (chángduǎn)
- 長短不一/长短不一
- 長短句/长短句 (chángduǎnjù)
- 長處搯,短處捏/长处搯,短处捏
- 長話短說/长话短说 (chánghuàduǎnshuō)
- 長長短短/长长短短
- 飛流短長/飞流短长
- 飛短流長/飞短流长
- 髮短心長/发短心长
- 鶴長鳧短/鹤长凫短 (hèchángfúduǎn)
References
[edit]- “Entry #8791”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]短
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
短 |
たん Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 短 (twanX, “short”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Antonyms
[edit]- 長 (chō)
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]短 (eumhun 짧을 단 (jjalbeul dan))
Compounds
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]短: Hán Nôm readings: đoản, đuỗn, ngắn, vắn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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