精
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]精 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 火木手一月 (FDQMB), four-corner 95927, composition ⿰米青(GHTJV) or ⿰米靑(K or U+FA1D))
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 910, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26997
- Dae Jaweon: page 1336, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3150, character 11
- Unihan data for U+7CBE
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
猜 | *sʰlɯː |
輤 | *sʰleːns |
綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
棈 | *sʰleːns |
蒨 | *sʰeːns |
篟 | *sʰeːns |
生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
牲 | *sreŋ |
笙 | *sreŋ |
甥 | *sreŋ |
鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
珄 | *sreŋ |
鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
狌 | *sreŋ |
眚 | *sreŋʔ |
貹 | *sreŋs |
崝 | *zreːŋ |
精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
清 | *sʰleŋ |
圊 | *sʰleŋ |
請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
凊 | *sʰleŋs |
䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
靚 | *zleŋs |
情 | *zleŋ |
晴 | *zleŋ |
夝 | *zleŋ |
靜 | *zleŋʔ |
靖 | *zleŋʔ |
睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
性 | *sleŋs |
姓 | *sleŋs |
靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
青 | *sʰleːŋ |
靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
胜 | *sleːŋ |
曐 | *sleːŋ |
星 | *sleːŋ |
鮏 | *sleːŋ |
腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
鯹 | *seːŋ |
醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
篂 | *seːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) – polished rice.
Pronunciation 1
[edit]trad. | 精 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 精 | |
2nd round simp. | 𰪱 |
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jin1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): жин (řin, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): jin1 / jiang1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jing1 / ji1
- Northern Min (KCR): céng
- Eastern Min (BUC): cĭng / ciăng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1cin
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jing
- Wade–Giles: ching1
- Yale: jīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
- Palladius: цзин (czin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jin1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gin
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: жин (řin, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʐiŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zing1 / zeng1
- Yale: jīng / jēng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzing1 / dzeng1
- Guangdong Romanization: jing1 / zéng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sɛːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- zing1 - literary;
- zeng1 - vernacular (“smart; clever”).
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: den1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ten³³/
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: jin1 / jiang1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁴²/, /t͡ɕiaŋ⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chîn
- Hakka Romanization System: jinˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: jin1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sin²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jing1 / ji1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕĩŋ¹¹/, /t͡ɕi¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: céng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡seiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cĭng / ciăng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡siaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- cĭng - literary;
- ciăng - vernacular.
- Southern Min
- cheng - literary;
- chiaⁿ, chiⁿ - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zêng1 / zian1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseng / tsiaⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡seŋ³³/, /t͡sĩã³³/
- zêng1 - literary;
- zian1 - vernacular (“demon; lean”).
- Middle Chinese: tsjeng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tseŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleŋ/
Definitions
[edit]精
- polished rice
- essence; energy
- spirit; energy; vigour
- 故上悖日月之明,下爍山川之精,中墮四時之施,惴耎之蟲,肖翹之物,莫不失其性。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Gù shàng bèi rìyuè zhī míng, xià shuò shānchuān zhī jīng, zhōng duò sìshí zhī shī, zhuìnuò zhī chóng, xiàoqiào zhī wù, mòbù shī qí xìng. [Pinyin]
- It is just as if, above, the brightness of the sun and moon were darkened; as if, beneath, the productive vigour of the hills and streams were dried up; and as if, between, the operation of the four seasons were brought to an end: in which case there would not be a single weak and wriggling insect, nor any plant that grows up, which would not lose its proper nature.
故上悖日月之明,下烁山川之精,中堕四时之施,惴耎之虫,肖翘之物,莫不失其性。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- seminal fluid; semen
- spirit; soul
- essence; concentrate
- demon; goblin
- (dialectal, of meat) lean
- Alternative form: 腈
- fine; refined
- pure; unmixed
- concentrated; sincere
- clear; bright
- exquisite; profound
- extremely; very
- to be proficient; to be expert at
- to expose; to be bare
- smart; clever
- (Cantonese) Suffix used to describe person with a negative attribute
- Alternative form of 睛
- Alternative form of 菁 (jīng)
- Alternative form of 晶 (jīng)
- (~母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 精 (MC tsjeng)
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 瘦 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 瘦 |
Taiwan | 瘦 | |
Harbin | 瘦 | |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 瘦 |
Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 瘦 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 瘦 |
Wanrong | 瘦 | |
Xi'an | 瘦 | |
Xining | 瘦 | |
Xuzhou | 瘦 | |
Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 瘦 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 瘦 |
Wuhan | 瘦 | |
Guiyang | 瘦 | |
Guilin | 瘦 | |
Liuzhou | 瘦 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 瘦 |
Yangzhou | 瘦 | |
Hefei | 精 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 瘦 |
Hong Kong | 瘦 | |
Dongguan | 瘦 | |
Yangjiang | 瘦 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 瘦, 精 |
Lichuan | 精 | |
Pingxiang | 精 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 精 |
Yudu | 精 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 精 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 瘦 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 瘦 |
Songxi | 瘦 | |
Jianyang | 瘦 | |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 㾪 |
Fuqing | 㾪 | |
Gutian | 㾪 | |
Ningde | 赤 | |
Zhouning | 㾪 | |
Fuding | 赤 | |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 精, 赤 |
Quanzhou | 精 | |
Yongchun | 精, 赤 | |
Zhangzhou | 赤 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 精, 赤 | |
Longyan | 精 | |
Datian | 㾪 | |
Chaozhou | 精 | |
Puxian Min | Putian | 精 |
Central Min | Yong'an | 瘦 |
Sanming (Shaxian) | 瘦 | |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 瘦 |
Wu | Shanghai | 精 |
Suzhou | 精 | |
Danyang | 精 | |
Ningbo | 精 | |
Wenzhou | 精 | |
Jinhua | 精 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 瘦, 精 |
Loudi | 精 | |
Shuangfeng | 瘦, 精 |
Compounds
[edit]- 三精
- 不大精采
- 人工受精 (réngōng shòujīng)
- 元精
- 兵精將勇/兵精将勇 (bīng jīng jiàng yǒng)
- 兵精糧足/兵精粮足
- 兵精馬壯/兵精马壮
- 勇猛精進/勇猛精进
- 勵精圖治/励精图治
- 勵精求治/励精求治
- 博大精深 (bódàjīngshēn)
- 博而不精 (bó'érbùjīng)
- 厲精/厉精
- 厲精圖治/厉精图治
- 厲精更始/厉精更始
- 厲精求治/厉精求治
- 去粗取精 (qùcūqǔjīng)
- 受精 (shòujīng)
- 受精卵 (shòujīngluǎn)
- 取精用弘
- 古怪精靈/古怪精灵
- 古靈精怪/古灵精怪 (gǔlíngjīngguài)
- 味精 (wèijīng)
- 團隊精神/团队精神 (tuánduì jīngshén)
- 地精 (dìjīng)
- 天地精華/天地精华
- 奶精 (nǎijīng)
- 妖精 (yāojīng)
- 害人精
- 射精 (shèjīng)
- 射精管 (shèjīngguǎn)
- 專精/专精
- 專精覃思/专精覃思
- 小妖精 (xiǎoyāojīng)
- 小精靈/小精灵
- 山精木客
- 弄精神
- 弄精細/弄精细
- 弄精魂
- 微言精義/微言精义
- 惟精惟一
- 成精
- 成精作怪
- 打起精神
- 抖搜精神 (dǒusōujīngshén)
- 抖擻精神/抖擞精神 (dǒusǒujīngshén)
- 拆家精
- 拖漢精/拖汉精
- 揀精揀肥/拣精拣肥
- 摩羅精神/摩罗精神
- 攪家精/搅家精
- 放精神著
- 敬業精神/敬业精神
- 日精 (rìjīng)
- 日精月華/日精月华
- 時代精神/时代精神 (shídài jīngshén)
- 月精
- 木精 (mùjīng)
- 業精於勤/业精于勤
- 業精於勤,荒於嬉/业精于勤,荒于嬉 (yè jīng yú qín, huāng yú xī)
- 構精/构精
- 樟腦精/樟脑精
- 殫精極思/殚精极思
- 殫精極慮/殚精极虑
- 殫精畢力/殚精毕力
- 殫精畢思/殚精毕思
- 殫精竭力/殚精竭力
- 殫精竭慮/殚精竭虑 (dānjīngjiélǜ)
- 民族精神
- 水精
- 水精簾/水精帘
- 沒精打彩/没精打彩 (méijīngdǎcǎi)
- 沒精打采 (méijīngdǎcǎi)
- 洗碗精 (xǐwǎnjīng)
- 流精 (liújīng)
- 洗髮精/洗发精 (xǐfàjīng)
- 漏精
- 澄澹精致
- 灌精兒/灌精儿
- 炎精
- 炎精之數/炎精之数
- 炭精
- 炭精棒
- 炭精筆/炭精笔
- 炭精紙/炭精纸
- 無一不精/无一不精
- 無精打采 (wújīngdǎcǎi)
- 煤精 (méijīng)
- 熟精
- 熟讀精思/熟读精思
- 父精母血
- 狐狸精 (húlijīng)
- 玉精
- 目精
- 短小精悍 (duǎnxiǎo jīnghàn)
- 矮小精悍
- 研深覃精
- 研精苦思
- 研精覃奧/研精覃奥
- 研精覃思
- 研精鉤深/研精钩深
- 研精靜慮/研精静虑
- 祇洹精舍
- 科學精神/科学精神 (kēxué jīngshén)
- 立國精神/立国精神
- 立論精宏/立论精宏
- 筆精/笔精
- 精一
- 精伶
- 精光 (jīngguāng)
- 精兵 (jīngbīng)
- 精兵猛將/精兵猛将
- 精切
- 精刊本
- 精到 (jīngdào)
- 精力 (jīnglì)
- 精力充沛
- 精力過人/精力过人
- 精勤
- 精品 (jīngpǐn)
- 精囊 (jīngnáng)
- 精堅/精坚
- 精壯/精壮 (jīngzhuàng)
- 精夫
- 精奇古怪
- 精奇里江 (Jīngqílǐ Jiāng)
- 精奧/精奥
- 精妙 (jīngmiào)
- 精妙入神
- 精妙絕倫/精妙绝伦
- 精子 (jīngzǐ)
- 精密 (jīngmì)
- 精密度 (jīngmìdù)
- 精密陶瓷
- 精富
- 精審/精审
- 精巢 (jīngcháo)
- 精工 (jīnggōng)
- 精巧 (jīngqiǎo)
- 精幹/精干 (jīnggàn)
- 精度 (jīngdù)
- 精廬/精庐
- 精彩 (jīngcǎi)
- 精彩生動/精彩生动
- 精彩逼人
- 精微 (jīngwēi)
- 精心 (jīngxīn)
- 精心傑作/精心杰作
- 精忠 (Jīngzhōng)
- 精忠報國/精忠报国
- 精忠旗
- 精忠柏
- 精怪 (jīngguài)
- 精悍 (jīnghàn)
- 精悟玄鑒/精悟玄鉴
- 精悍短小
- 精懇/精恳
- 精手 (Hainanese)
- 精打細算/精打细算 (jīngdǎxìsuàn)
- 精抄本
- 精挑細選/精挑细选 (jīngtiāoxìxuǎn)
- 精敏
- 精明 (jīngmíng)
- 精明幹練/精明干练
- 精明強幹/精明强干
- 精明能幹/精明能干
- 精晃晃
- 精曉/精晓
- 精核 (jīnghé)
- 精氣/精气
- 精氣神/精气神 (jīngqìshén)
- 精油 (jīngyóu)
- 精液 (jīngyè)
- 精深 (jīngshēn)
- 精湛 (jīngzhàn)
- 精準/精准 (jīngzhǔn)
- 精潔/精洁
- 精煉/精炼 (jīngliàn)
- 精熟
- 精爽
- 精牲 (cheng-seⁿ) (Min Nan)
- 精當/精当 (jīngdàng)
- 精疲力盡/精疲力尽 (jīngpílìjìn)
- 精疲力竭 (jīngpílìjié)
- 精白
- 精益求精 (jīngyìqiújīng)
- 精省 (jīng shěng)
- 精研 (jīngyán)
- 精確/精确 (jīngquè)
- 精神
- 精神分析 (jīngshén fēnxī)
- 精神可嘉
- 精神外遇
- 精神奕奕 (jīngshényìyì)
- 精神恍惚
- 精神感召
- 精神抖擻/精神抖擞 (jīngshéndǒusǒu)
- 精神文化
- 精神文明 (jīngshén wénmíng)
- 精神渙散/精神涣散
- 精神滿腹/精神满腹
- 精神煥發/精神焕发 (jīngshénhuànfā)
- 精神生活 (jīngshén shēnghuó)
- 精神病 (jīngshénbìng)
- 精神缺陷 (jīngshén quēxiàn)
- 精神醫學/精神医学 (jīngshén yīxué)
- 精神錯亂/精神错乱 (jīngshén cuòluàn)
- 精神錦標/精神锦标
- 精空
- 精算師/精算师 (jīngsuànshī)
- 精簡/精简 (jīngjiǎn)
- 精米機/精米机
- 精粗
- 精粹 (jīngcuì)
- 精索 (jīngsuǒ)
- 精純/精纯
- 精細/精细 (jīngxì)
- 精細胞/精细胞 (jīngxìbāo)
- 精絕/精绝
- 精緻/精致 (jīngzhì)
- 精練/精练 (jīngliàn)
- 精美 (jīngměi)
- 精美絕倫/精美绝伦
- 精義/精义 (jīngyì)
- 精義入神/精义入神
- 精耕
- 精耕細作/精耕细作
- 精肉 (jīngròu)
- 精舍 (jīngshè)
- 精良 (jīngliáng)
- 精芒
- 精英 (jīngyīng)
- 精英樹/精英树
- 精華/精华 (jīnghuá)
- 精蟲/精虫 (jīngchóng)
- 精血
- 精衛/精卫 (jīngwèi)
- 精衛填海/精卫填海 (jīngwèitiánhǎi)
- 精裝/精装 (jīngzhuāng)
- 精裝本/精装本 (jīngzhuāngběn)
- 精製/精制 (jīngzhì)
- 精覈
- 精誠/精诚 (jīngchéng)
- 精誠團結/精诚团结
- 精誠貫日/精诚贯日
- 精讀/精读 (jīngdú)
- 精貫白日/精贯白日
- 精赤條條/精赤条条
- 精通 (jīngtōng)
- 精進/精进 (jīngjìn)
- 精選/精选 (jīngxuǎn)
- 精采 (jīngcǎi)
- 精采絕倫/精采绝伦
- 精金百煉/精金百炼
- 精金美玉
- 精金良玉
- 精銀響鈔/精银响钞
- 精銳/精锐 (jīngruì)
- 精鍊/精炼 (jīngliàn)
- 精闢/精辟 (jīngpì)
- 精雕細刻/精雕细刻
- 精雕細琢/精雕细琢
- 精雕細鏤/精雕细镂
- 精靈/精灵 (jīnglíng)
- 精靈古怪/精灵古怪
- 精靈論/精灵论
- 精靈鬼/精灵鬼
- 精餾/精馏
- 精髓 (jīngsuǐ)
- 精鬆/精松
- 精鳥賬/精鸟账
- 精鹽/精盐 (jīngyán)
- 糊精 (hújīng)
- 糖精 (tángjīng)
- 老妖精
- 聚精會神/聚精会神 (jùjīnghuìshén)
- 自花受精
- 臺灣精品/台湾精品
- 良玉精金
- 芬多精 (fēnduōjīng)
- 芙蓉之精
- 茶精油
- 蒜球精
- 蓄精蓄銳/蓄精蓄锐
- 薄荷精
- 藏精器
- 蘇木精/苏木精 (sūmùjīng)
- 蘿蔔精/萝卜精
- 蛋黃精/蛋黄精
- 補精神/补精神
- 見精識精/见精识精
- 親愛精誠/亲爱精诚
- 變性酒精/变性酒精
- 費盡精神/费尽精神
- 貯精囊/贮精囊
- 赤條精光/赤条精光
- 走精面 (zau2 zeng1 min6-2) (Cantonese)
- 輸精管/输精管 (shūjīngguǎn)
- 運動精神/运动精神
- 遺精/遗精 (yíjīng)
- 遺精夢泄/遗精梦泄
- 酒精 (jiǔjīng)
- 酒精中毒 (jiǔjīng zhòngdú)
- 酒精燈/酒精灯 (jiǔjīngdēng)
- 金精
- 開國精神/开国精神
- 陰精/阴精
- 雄精
- 雞精/鸡精 (jījīng)
- 雲精/云精
- 響鈔精銀/响钞精银
- 頤精養神/颐精养神
- 頤養精神/颐养精神
- 養漢精/养汉精
- 養精蓄銳/养精蓄锐 (yǎngjīngxùruì)
- 香精 (xiāngjīng)
- 香草精 (xiāngcǎojīng)
- 馬屁精/马屁精 (mǎpìjīng)
- 體內受精/体内受精
- 體外受精/体外受精 (tǐwài shòujīng)
- 體大思精/体大思精
- 鬼精
- 鬼精靈/鬼精灵
- 鬼靈精/鬼灵精
- 鬼靈精兒/鬼灵精儿
- 鰻精/鳗精
- 麥精/麦精
- 黃精/黄精 (huángjīng)
- 龍馬精神/龙马精神 (lóngmǎjīngshén)
Pronunciation 2
[edit]trad. | 精 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 精 |
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
- Wade–Giles: ching4
- Yale: jìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
- Palladius: цзин (czin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: tsjengH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleŋs/
Definitions
[edit]精
- ‡ strong
Pronunciation 3
[edit]trad. | 精 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 精 |
For pronunciation and definitions of 精 – see 晴 (“clear; fine; cloudless”). (This character is a variant form of 晴). |
Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 精 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
精 精 or 精+ ︀ ?
|
![]() |
精󠄀 精+ 󠄀 ?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
精󠄃 精+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit](Fifth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 精)
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō †)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
- Kun: こころ (kokoro, 精); しらげる (shirageru, 精げる)←しらぐ (siragu, 精ぐ, historical); くわしい (kuwashii, 精しい)←くはし (kufasi, 精し, historical); もののけ (mononoke, 精)
- Nanori: あき (aki); あきら (akira); きよ (kiyo); きよし (kiyoshi); くわし (kuwashi); しげ (shige); しら (shira); すぐる (suguru); すみ (sumi); ただ (tada); ただし (tadashi); つとむ (tsutomu); ひとし (hitoshi); まこと (makoto); まさ (masa); まさし (masashi); もり (mori); よし (yoshi)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
精 |
せい Grade: 5 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 精 (t͡siᴇŋ, “essence, energy”). Compare modern Mandarin reading jīng.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]精 • (sei) -na (adnominal 精な (sei na), adverbial 精に (sei ni))
Inflection
[edit]Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 精だろ | せいだろ | sei daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 精で | せいで | sei de |
Terminal (終止形) | 精だ | せいだ | sei da |
Attributive (連体形) | 精な | せいな | sei na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 精なら | せいなら | sei nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 精であれ | せいであれ | sei de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 精ではない 精じゃない |
せいではない せいじゃない |
sei de wa nai sei ja nai |
Informal past | 精だった | せいだった | sei datta |
Informal negative past | 精ではなかった 精じゃなかった |
せいではなかった せいじゃなかった |
sei de wa nakatta sei ja nakatta |
Formal | 精です | せいです | sei desu |
Formal negative | 精ではありません 精じゃありません |
せいではありません せいじゃありません |
sei de wa arimasen sei ja arimasen |
Formal past | 精でした | せいでした | sei deshita |
Formal negative past | 精ではありませんでした 精じゃありませんでした |
せいではありませんでした せいじゃありませんでした |
sei de wa arimasen deshita sei ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 精で | せいで | sei de |
Conditional | 精なら(ば) | せいなら(ば) | sei nara (ba) |
Provisional | 精だったら | せいだったら | sei dattara |
Volitional | 精だろう | せいだろう | sei darō |
Adverbial | 精に | せいに | sei ni |
Degree | 精さ | せいさ | seisa |
Noun
[edit]- polishing, refining
- care, conscientiousness
- something polished or refined, particularly polished white rice
- vim and vigor, energy in doing things
- life force, vitality, the energy of living
- one's emotions, mind, or soul
- the soul or spirit of a thing, particularly when appearing on its own; a fairy, a sprite
- semen
Synonyms
[edit]- (polishing): 研磨 (kenma)
- (refining): 精製 (seisei)
- (polished rice): 精米 (seimai); 白米 (hakumai)
- (care): 念入り (nen'iri)
- (vim): 元気 (genki)
- (vigor): 精力 (seiryoku)
- (emotions): 心 (kokoro)
- (mind): 精神 (seishin)
- (soul): 魂 (tamashī)
- (spirit): 精霊 (seirei)
- (sprite): 妖精 (yōsei)
- (semen): 精液 (seieki)
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
精 |
しらげ Grade: 5 |
kun'yomi |
Noun stem of verb 精げる (shirageru, “to polish, to refine”), itself derived from 白 (shira, “white”, form used in compounds, usually shiro on its own) + ぐ (gu, verbalizing suffix), originally just meaning to whiten something.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ “精”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]精 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]精: Hán Nôm readings: tinh[1][2][3]
- pure, unadulterated; refined
- essence, spirit
- detailed, conscientious
- smart, clever
- energy, vigour
- demon; goblin; spirit
- semen, seminal fluid, a sperm cell
Derived terms
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading しやう
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading しら・げる
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading しら・ぐ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading くわ・しい
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading くは・し
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