-이-
Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]
From Middle Korean 이〮 (-í-), an allomorph of 기〮 (Yale: -kí-, causative/passive-deriving suffix) formed by lenition of the initial consonant /k-/ in intervocalic environments. Beyond Middle Korean, the causative is the original meaning as attested in Old Korean, and the passive is a later development from the causative first attested in the written language some time between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries.[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [i]
- Phonetic hangul: [이]
Romanizations | |
---|---|
Revised Romanization? | i |
Revised Romanization (translit.)? | i |
McCune–Reischauer? | i |
Yale Romanization? | i |
- (after vowels): usually a change in vowel quality
Suffix
[edit]이 • (-i-)
- A verbal suffix deriving the stems of causative verbs, attaching to verb or adjective stems which end in a vowel, an aspirate consonant, ㄱ (g), or ��� (l). No longer productive.
- A verbal suffix deriving the stems of passive verbs, mainly attaching to verb stems ending in a vowel or in an aspirate consonant. No longer productive.
Usage notes
[edit]Although still very common in Korean, the causative/passive suffixes are no longer productive for forming new verbs. Verbs that do not already have a morphological causative or passive must employ auxiliaries:
The causative/passive suffixes 이 (-i-), 히 (-hi-), 리 (-ri-), and 기 (-gi-) all stem from the same etymon, and are fairly complementary in distribution. 이 attaches to verb stems which end in a vowel or an aspirate consonant, and (in the case of causative verbs only) to stems ending in ㄱ (g) and some of those ending in ㄹ (l).
Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Korean ᅌᅵ (Yale: -ngì-, deferential/self-humbling suffix). See the main entry for more.
Suffix
[edit]이 • (-i-)
- Post-vowel and post-liquid allomorphic form of 으이 (-eu'i-, polite deferential suffix).
References
[edit]- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2010) Koreo-Japonica: A Re-evaluation of a Genetic Origin, University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN, page 6
- ^ 장윤희 [jang'yunhui] (2006) “고대국어의 파생접미사 연구 [godaegugeoui pasaengjeommisa yeon'gu, A study of Old Korean derivational suffixes]”, in Gugyeol yeon'gu, volume 47, pages 91—144