gast
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle English gasten, from Old English gǣstan, from Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną. Also spelled ghast due to association with ghost.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɡɑːst/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
- (General American) IPA(key): /ɡæst/
- Rhymes: -ɑːst, -æst
Verb
[edit]gast (third-person singular simple present gasts, present participle gasting, simple past and past participle gasted)
- (obsolete) To frighten.
- c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:
- Or whether gasted by the noise I made, full suddenly he fled.
Anagrams
[edit]Breton
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Cornish gest, Welsh gast, and Middle Irish gast (a loanword from Brythonic).
Noun
[edit]gast f (plural gisti)
- (vulgar, derogatory) whore, bitch
Inflection
[edit]g=fPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Danish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Old Frisian gāst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist. Doublet of gejst.
Noun
[edit]gast
Etymology 2
[edit]From German Gast (“guest”), from Proto-West Germanic *gasti. Doublet of gæst.
Noun
[edit]gast c (singular definite gasten, plural indefinite gaster)
- a (unspecialized) crewmember on a ship
Further reading
[edit]Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Dutch gast, from Old Dutch *gast, from Proto-West Germanic *gasti, from Proto-Germanic *gastiz.
Noun
[edit]gast m (plural gasten, diminutive gastje n)
- guest
- (chiefly in combinations) knave, worker, apprentice, delivery boy
- Antonyms: meester, stagemeester
- (colloquial) dude, guy
Derived terms
[edit]- bakkersgast
- eregast
- gastenverblijf
- gastheer
- gasthuis
- gastorganisme
- gastrecht
- gastvriend
- gastvrij
- gastvrouw
- logeergast
- meestergast
- slaapgast
- slagersgast
- spuitgast
- vergasten
Descendants
[edit]- Negerhollands: gast
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]gast
- inflection of gassen:
Gothic
[edit]Romanization
[edit]gast
- Romanization of 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄
Icelandic
[edit]Verb
[edit]gast
Middle English
[edit]Noun
[edit]gast
- Alternative form of gost
Old English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *gaist, from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]gāst m
- spirit
- sē Hālga Gāst
- the Holy Spirit
- Iċ bēo mid þē on gāste.
- I'll be with you in spirit.
- ghost
- breath
- demon
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- gāstlīċ (“spiritual”)
Descendants
[edit]Old French
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Based on Latin vastus (“uncultivated, unoccupied”)
Noun
[edit]gast oblique singular, m (oblique plural gaz or gatz, nominative singular gaz or gatz, nominative plural gast)
Adjective
[edit]gast m (oblique and nominative feminine singular gaste)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (gast)
- gast on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
Old Frisian
[edit]![](http://178.128.105.246/cars-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Richard_III_and_the_Ghosts._William_Blake._c%2C1806..jpg/170px-Richard_III_and_the_Ghosts._William_Blake._c%2C1806..jpg)
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *gaist. Cognates include Old English gāst and Old Saxon gēst.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]gāst m
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 28
Old High German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *gasti, see also Old Norse gestr, Latin hostis (“enemy”).
Noun
[edit]gast m (plural gesti)
Declension
[edit]case | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | gast | gesti |
accusative | gast | gesti |
genitive | gastes | gesto |
dative | gaste | gestim, gesten |
instrumental | gastu | — |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Middle High German: gast
Old Saxon
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *gasti, whence also Old English ġiest.
Noun
[edit]gast m
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | gast | gest |
accusative | gast | gest |
genitive | gasties | gastiō |
dative | gastie | gastium |
instrumental | — | — |
Descendants
[edit]- Middle Low German: gast
Swedish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]See gäst
Noun
[edit]gast c
- A crew member on a ship
- 1882, Carl Eneroth, Humoresker till lands och sjös, page 10:
- Gastarne på Gefion hade öfverraskat några makliga sköldpaddor, som tagit sig en stadigare tupplur hitanför Gibraltar, och de der tystlåtna gökarne skänktes bort af kaptenen hit och dit, så att slutligen blott en fans öfrig.
- The crew of the Gefion had surprised a few lazy turtles, who had taken a more substantial nap hither of Gibraltar, and those silent fellows were given away by the captain here and there, so that at last only one remained.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Swedish gaster, possibly borrowed from Old Frisian gāst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist.
Noun
[edit]gast c
Usage notes
[edit]The more common word for ghost is spöke.
Declension
[edit]Declension of gast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | gast | gasten | gastar | gastarna |
Genitive | gasts | gastens | gastars | gastarnas |
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- gast in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- gast in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- gast in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams
[edit]Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Cornish gest, Breton gast, and Middle Irish gast (a loanword from Brythonic).
Noun
[edit]gast f (plural geist)
Mutation
[edit]Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
gast | ast | ngast | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gast”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- English terms inherited from Middle English
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- en:Fear
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