graf
English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Audio (General Australian): (file)
Etymology 1
[edit]From German Graf (“count”). Doublet of graaf and grave.
Noun
[edit]graf (plural grafs)
- (uncommon, now historical) A German or Austrian count.
- 1843 February, "Graf de Tropp", in Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country, volume 27, [books.google.com/books?id=9ZUtAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA200 page 200]:
- Without ceremony, the Graf, on his entering the drawing-room, seated himself at the piano-forte, and proposed affording his new friends "a leetle example" how music was performed in Hungary.
- 1843 February, "Graf de Tropp", in Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country, volume 27, [books.google.com/books?id=9ZUtAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA200 page 200]:
Coordinate terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Phonetic respelling of clipping of paragraph.
Noun
[edit]graf (plural grafs)
- (journalism, slang) A paragraph.
Etymology 3
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf (uncountable)
- Alternative spelling of graff (“graffiti”)
- 2002, Janice Rahn, Painting Without Permission: Hip-hop Graffiti Subculture, page 7:
- For example, a current trend in graf is to simulate a three-dimensional effect (see Figure 1.2). No one graf artist is associated with having developed this method.
- 2012, P. D. Smith, City: A Guidebook for the Urban Age, page 84:
- Naar had been photographing the 'palimpsest of writings and marks on walls' since 1955 and he says his interest in graf is 'political, in the Greek sense of engagement with the life of the "polis", or city-state'.
Derived terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Afrikaans
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Dutch graf and graft (see the plural).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf (plural grafte)
Albanian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Verb
[edit]graf (aorist grafa, participle grafë)
References
[edit]- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “graf ~ grah”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 121
Catalan
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf m (plural grafs)
Further reading
[edit]- “graf” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “graf”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
Czech
[edit]![](http://178.128.105.246/cars-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Arbitrary_function_graph.png/220px-Arbitrary_function_graph.png)
![](http://178.128.105.246/cars-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Frucht_graph.neato.svg/220px-Frucht_graph.neato.svg.png)
Etymology
[edit]Derived from Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf m inan
- graph (mathematical diagram)
- (graph theory) graph (nodes and edges connecting the nodes)
- chart (graphical presentation)
Declension
[edit]This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “graf”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935-1957
- “graf”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
Danish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf
- graph, visualization of an equation or a function
- (graph theory) graph
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Dutch graf, from Old Dutch *graf, from Proto-Germanic *grabą, *grabō (“grave, trench, ditch”).
Noun
[edit]graf n (plural graven, diminutive grafje n)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From French grave (“serious, grave”). Most likely influenced by Dutch erg which can mean "serious, grave" as well as "very". The alternative form graaf (“very”), also slang, has the same origin and meaning, but stays closer to the original French pronunciation.
Adverb
[edit]graf
French
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf m (plural grafs)
- (slang) Clipping of graffiti.
- L’usage du tag et du graf s’affirme d’autant plus comme un pouvoir de communication tribale constituant un code secret.
- The use of tags and graffiti is establishing itself all the more as a means of tribal communication constituting a secret code.
Further reading
[edit]- “graf”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Icelandic
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf n (genitive singular grafs, nominative plural gröf)
Declension
[edit]Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf (plural graf-graf, first-person possessive grafku, second-person possessive grafmu, third-person possessive grafnya)
- (linguistics, typography) graph: A graphical unit on the token-level, the abstracted fundamental shape of a character or letter as distinct from its ductus (realization in a particular typeface or handwriting on the instance-level) and as distinct by a grapheme on the type-level by not fundamentally distinguishing meaning.
- Synonym: huruf
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “graf” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Irish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf m (genitive singular graif, nominative plural graif)
Declension
[edit]- Alternative plural: grafanna
Derived terms
[edit]- grafach (“graphic(al)”, adjective)
- grafeolaíocht f (“graphology”)
- grafpháipéar m (“graph paper”)
- graiftheoiric f (“graph theory”)
Related terms
[edit]- grafachas m (“graphism”)
Verb
[edit]graf (present analytic grafann, future analytic grafaidh, verbal noun grafadh, past participle grafa)
- (transitive, intransitive, literary) write; draw, sketch
- (transitive, mathematics, statistics) graph, plot, chart
Conjugation
[edit]* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Mutation
[edit]Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
graf | ghraf | ngraf |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
[edit]- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “graf”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Kashubian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf m inan
Declension
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Sychta, Bernard (1967) “grafa”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 1 (A – Ǵ), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 354
- Jan Trepczyk (1994) “hrabia”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “hrabia”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[1]
- “graf”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Middle English
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf
- Alternative form of grave
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf m (definite singular grafen, indefinite plural grafer, definite plural grafene)
- graph (diagram)
References
[edit]- “graf” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf m (definite singular grafen, indefinite plural grafar, definite plural grafane)
- graph (diagram)
References
[edit]- “graf” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Uncertain, lacking cognates in other Germanic languages. Perhaps from grafan (“to dig”), similar to drāf (“drove”) and drifan.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]grāf ?
Declension
[edit]This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Puppel, S. (2010). Language History and Linguistic Modelling: A Festschrift for Jacek Fisiak on His 60th Birthday. Germany: De Gruyter., p. 134-135
Old Spanish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]graf m or f (plural graves)
- Apocopic form of grave; serious; grave; major
- c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 17v:
- e la coſa graf q̃ nã podrã iudgar adugã la aty. e iudgar laas.
- And any grave matter they cannot judge themselves they will bring to you, so that you may judge it.
Polish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish grof. Doublet of grabia and hrabia.
Noun
[edit]graf m pers
- (historical) count (male ruler of a county)
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Internationalism; compare English graph, French graphe, German Graph, ultimately from Ancient Greek γράφειν (gráphein).
Noun
[edit]graf m inan
- (mathematics) graph
- Hypernym: wykres
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf m inan
Declension
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- graf in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- graf in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf n (plural grafuri)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) graf | graful | (niște) grafuri | grafurile |
genitive/dative | (unui) graf | grafului | (unor) grafuri | grafurilor |
vocative | grafule | grafurilor |
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf m (plural grafi)
Declension
[edit]Scottish Gaelic
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf m (genitive singular grafa, plural grafaichean)
Derived terms
[edit]Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Noun
[edit]grȁf m (Cyrillic spelling гра̏ф)
- (mathematics) graph
- (graph theory) graph
Declension
[edit]Swedish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From English graph, shortened from graphic formula.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf c
- (mathematics) graph, the set
- (graph theory) graph; an ordered set (V,E) of edges which joins to the vertices such that each of the edge's ends is located at a vertex
Declension
[edit]Declension of graf | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | graf | grafen | grafer | graferna |
Genitive | grafs | grafens | grafers | grafernas |
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf c
Declension
[edit]Declension of graf | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | graf | grafven | grafvar | grafvarna |
Genitive | grafs | grafvens | grafvars | grafvarnas |
Volapük
[edit]Noun
[edit]graf (nominative plural grafs)
- count (ruler of a county)
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- English terms with audio links
- English terms borrowed from German
- English terms derived from German
- English doublets
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with uncommon senses
- English terms with historical senses
- English clippings
- en:Mass media
- English slang
- English uncountable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- en:Nobility
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans terms with audio links
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans nouns
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian verbs
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan masculine nouns
- ca:Mathematics
- Czech terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Czech/af
- Rhymes:Czech/af/1 syllable
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech masculine nouns
- Czech inanimate nouns
- cs:Graph theory
- Danish terms borrowed from English
- Danish terms derived from English
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- da:Graph theory
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑf/1 syllable
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch nouns with lengthened vowel in the plural
- Dutch neuter nouns
- Dutch terms derived from French
- Dutch adverbs
- Dutch slang
- Belgian Dutch
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- French slang
- French clippings
- French terms with usage examples
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic nouns
- Icelandic neuter nouns
- Icelandic countable nouns
- Indonesian terms borrowed from English
- Indonesian terms derived from English
- Indonesian 1-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ɡraf
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ɡraf/1 syllable
- Rhymes:Indonesian/raf
- Rhymes:Indonesian/raf/1 syllable
- Rhymes:Indonesian/af
- Rhymes:Indonesian/af/1 syllable
- Rhymes:Indonesian/f
- Rhymes:Indonesian/f/1 syllable
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- id:Linguistics
- id:Typography
- Irish terms borrowed from English
- Irish terms derived from English
- Irish lemmas
- Irish nouns
- Irish masculine nouns
- Irish first-declension nouns
- Irish verbs
- Irish transitive verbs
- Irish intransitive verbs
- Irish literary terms
- ga:Mathematics
- ga:Statistics
- Irish first-conjugation verbs of class A
- Kashubian terms borrowed from German
- Kashubian terms derived from German
- Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Kashubian/af
- Rhymes:Kashubian/af/1 syllable
- Kashubian lemmas
- Kashubian nouns
- Kashubian masculine nouns
- Kashubian inanimate nouns
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål terms borrowed from English
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from English
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms borrowed from English
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from English
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- Old English terms with unknown etymologies
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English nouns
- Old Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Spanish lemmas
- Old Spanish adjectives
- Old Spanish apocopic forms
- Old Spanish terms with quotations
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/af
- Rhymes:Polish/af/1 syllable
- Polish terms with homophones
- Polish terms derived from Middle High German
- Polish terms derived from Old High German
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish doublets
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish personal nouns
- Polish terms with historical senses
- Polish internationalisms
- Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Polish inanimate nouns
- pl:Mathematics
- Polish clippings
- Polish slang
- pl:Male people
- pl:Nobility
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Romanian terms borrowed from German
- Romanian terms derived from German
- Romanian masculine nouns
- Scottish Gaelic lemmas
- Scottish Gaelic nouns
- Scottish Gaelic masculine nouns
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- sh:Mathematics
- sh:Graph theory
- Swedish terms borrowed from English
- Swedish terms derived from English
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Swedish/ɑːf
- Rhymes:Swedish/ɑːf/1 syllable
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- sv:Mathematics
- sv:Graph theory
- Swedish obsolete forms
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük nouns