Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan
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Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan (Turki Otoman: إتحاد و ترقى جمعيتی, translit. İttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti), kemudian Partai Persatuan dan Kemajuan (Turki Otoman: إتحاد و ترقى فرقه سی, translit. İttihad ve Terakki Fırkası), adalah sebuah organisasi revolusioner rahasia dan partai politik yang aktif antara 1889 dan 1926 di Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah dan Republik Turki. Sebagai faksi terdepan dalam gerakan Turki Muda, organisasi tersebut melangsungkan Revolusi Turki Muda tahun 1908 yang mengakhiri monarki absolut untuk demokrasi konstitusional. Dari 1913 dan 1918, organisasi tersebut memerintah kekaisaran tersebut sebagai negara satu partai. Komite tersebut melakukan genosida Armenia dan kampanye pembersihan etnis lainnya pada masa pemerintahan satu partai. Komite tersebut kemudian bertikai dengan gerakan Turki muda secara garis besar dan para anggotanya yang disebut sebagai Turki Muda, bahkan meskipun kelompok-kelompok pesaing dalam gerakan tersebut membentuk partai-partai politik terpisah. Dalam Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah, para anggotanya dikenal sebagai İttihadçılar ('unionis') atau Komiteciler ('anggota komite').[1]
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Kutipan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Kieser 2018, hlm. 61.
Daftar pustaka
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Akçam, Taner (2007), A Shameful Act, London: Macmillan.
- Akın, Yiğit (2018). When the War Came Home: The Ottomans' Great War and the Devastation of an Empire. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 9781503604902.
- Akmeșe, Handan Nezir (2005), The Birth of Modern Turkey: The Ottoman Military and the March to World War I, London: IB Tauris.
- Akşin, Sina (1987), Jön Türkler ve İttihat ve Terakki (dalam bahasa Turki), İstanbul.
- Balakian, Peter (2004), The Burning Tigris, Harper Collins, hlm. 375, ISBN 978-0-06-055870-3.
- Campos, Michelle (2010). Ottoman Brothers: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Early Twentieth-Century Palestine. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-80477678-3.
- Fromkin, David (1989), The Peace to End All Peace, New York: Henry Holt.
- Graber, CS (1996), Caravans to Oblivion: The Armenian Genocide, 1915, New York: Wiley.
- Kieser, Hans-Lukas (26 June 2018), Talaat Pasha: Father of Modern Turkey, Architect of Genocide, Princeton University Press (dipublikasikan tanggal 2018), ISBN 978-0-691-15762-7
- Karsh, Efraim; Karsh, Inari (1999), Empires of Sand
(hardback), Cambridge: Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-67425152-6.
- Mardin, Şerif (1992), Jön Türklerin Siyasi Fikirleri, 1895–1908 (dalam bahasa Turki), Istanbul: Iletisim, hlm. 221–50, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-17 .
- ——— (1969), Continuity and Change in the Ideas of the Young Turks (expanded text of a lecture), School of Business Administration and Economics Robert College, hlm. 13–27.
- Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü (1981), Bir siyasal düşünür olarak Doktor Abdullah Cevdet ve Dönemi (dalam bahasa Turki), Istanbul.
- Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü (2011). "Civil-Military Relations in the Second Constitutional Period, 1908–1918". Turkish Studies. 12 (2): 177-189. doi:10.1080/14683849.2011.572627.
- Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü (2008), A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire (dalam bahasa Inggris), Princeton
- ——— (1986), Bir siyasal örgüt olarak Osmanlı Ittihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti ve Jon Türklük (dalam bahasa Turki), Istanbul.
- ——— (1995), The Young Turks in Opposition, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-509115-9.
- ——— (2001), Preparation for a Revolution: The Young Turks 1902–1908, Oxford University Press.
- Shaw, Stanford; Shaw, Ezel (1977), History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, II, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29166-6
- Tunaya, Tarık Zafer (1989), Türkiye'de Siyasal Partiler (dalam bahasa Turki), İstanbul.
- Worringer, Renée (May 2004), "'Sick Man of Europe' or 'Japan of the near East'?: Constructing Ottoman Modernity in the Hamidian and Young Turk Eras", International Journal of Middle East Studies, 36 (2): 207–230, doi:10.1017/S0020743804362033 .
- ——— (2014), Ottomans Imagining Japan: East, Middle East, and Non-Western Modernity at the Turn of the Twentieth Century, London: Palgrave.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Committee of Union and Progress Turkey in the First World War website