Perang budaya
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Perang budaya adalah konflik budaya antara kelompok sosial dan perebutan dominasi nilai-nilai, kepercayaan, dan praktik mereka.[1] Ini biasanya mengacu pada topik di mana ada ketidaksepakatan masyarakat umum dan polarisasi dalam nilai-nilai masyarakat yang terlihat.
Istilah ini umumnya digunakan untuk menggambarkan politik kontemporer di Amerika Serikat,[2] dengan isu-isu seperti aborsi, homoseksualitas, hak transgender, pornografi, multikulturalisme, sudut pandang rasial dan konflik budaya lainnya berdasarkan nilai, moralitas, dan gaya hidup yang digambarkan sebagai perpecahan politik utama.[2]
Etimologi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Istilah perang budaya adalah terjemahan pinjaman (calque) dari Kulturkampf ('perjuangan budaya') Jerman.
Dalam bahasa Jerman, Kulturkampf mengacu pada bentrokan antara kelompok budaya dan agama dalam kampanye dari tahun 1871 hingga 1878 di bawah Kanselir Otto von Bismarck dari Kekaisaran Jerman melawan pengaruh Gereja Katolik Roma.[3] Terjemahan tersebut dicetak di beberapa surat kabar Amerika pada saat itu.[4]
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ "Culture war". Dictionary.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2019-10-21.
- ^ a b "Culture Wars". Encyclopedia.com. Diakses tanggal 2019-10-21.
- ^ Spahn, Martin (1910). "Kulturkampf". The Catholic Encyclopedia. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Diakses tanggal March 27, 2015.
- ^ "Prosecution of priests (Culture War reference) (1874)". Newspapers.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2019-03-13.
Bacaan lanjutan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Chapman, Roger, and James Ciment. Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints and Voices (2nd ed. Routledge, 2015)
- D'Antonio, William V., Steven A. Tuch and Josiah R. Baker, Religion, Politics, and Polarization: How Religiopolitical Conflict Is Changing Congress and American Democracy (Rowman & Littlefield, 2013) ISBN 1442223979 ISBN 978-1442223974
- Fiorina, Morris P., with Samuel J. Abrams and Jeremy C. Pope, Culture War?: The Myth of a Polarized America (Longman, 2004) ISBN 0-321-27640-X
- Graff, Gerald. Beyond the Culture Wars: How Teaching the Conflicts Can Revitalize American Education (1992)
- Hartman, Andrew. A war for the soul of America: a history of the culture wars (University of Chicago Press, 2015)
- Hunter, James Davison, Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America (New York: Basic Books, 1992) ISBN 0-465-01534-4
- Jay, Gregory S., American Literature and the Culture Wars, (Cornell University Press, 1997) ISBN 0-8014-3393-2 ISBN 978-0801433931
- Jensen, Richard. "The Culture Wars, 1965-1995: A Historian's Map" Journal of Social History 29 (Oct 1995) 17–37. in JSTOR
- Jones, E. Michael, Degenerate Moderns: Modernity As Rationalized Sexual Misbehavior, Ft. Collins, CO: Ignatius Press, 1993 ISBN 0-89870-447-2
- Prothero, Stephen (2017). Why Liberals Win the Culture Wars (Even When They Lose Elections): A History of the Religious Battles That Define America from Jefferson's Heresies to Gay Marriage Today. HarperOne. ISBN 978-0061571312.
- Strauss, William & Howe, Neil, The Fourth Turning, An American Prophecy: What the Cycles of History Tell Us About America's Next Rendezvous With Destiny, 1998, Broadway Books, New York
- Thomson, Irene Tavis., Culture Wars and Enduring American Dilemmas, (University of Michigan Press, 2010) ISBN 978-0-472-07088-6
- Walsh, Andrew D., Religion, Economics, and Public Policy: Ironies, Tragedies, and Absurdities of the Contemporary Culture Wars, (Praeger, 2000) ISBN 0-275-96611-9
- Webb, Adam K., Beyond the Global Culture War, (Routledge, 2006) ISBN 0-415-95313-8
- Zimmerman, Jonathan, Whose America? Culture Wars in the Public Schools (Harvard University Press, 2002) ISBN 0-674-01860-5
Pranala luar
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