Paganismus Anglosaxonicus
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Paganismus Anglosaxonicus est opiniones et usus religiosi ab Anglosaxonibus inter saecula quintum et octavum per primum aevum Angliae mediaevalis habiti. Qui variatio paganismi Germanici, in multo Europae boreoccidentali inventus, diversam discordium opinionum et usuum cultorum varietatem amplexus est.[1] A religione Aetate Ferrea Europae Septentrionalis continentalis progrediens, in Britanniam introductus est post incursionem Anglosaxonicam Britanniae medio saeculo quinto factam, et religio obtinens in Anglia mansit usque ad Christianizationem eius regnorum saeculis septimo et octavo factam, nonnullis elementis cum rudimentis eruditionis vulgaris gradatim mixtis.
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Multum paganismi Anglosaxonici quod sciri videtur est exitus conatuum antiquarianorum litterariorum saeculorum duodevicensimi exeunte et undevicensimi; potissimum, notio quod poesis Anglica Vetus vestigia veri paganismi historica ante Christianitatem continet ab Anglosaxonistis quaesita est.[2] Paganismus Anglosaxonicus fuit ratio polytheistica, quae venerationem deitatum ése (sing. ós) appellatorum expressit. Praecipuissima harum deitatum probabiliter fuit Woden, quam ob causam religio Wodenismus appellata est,[3] sed alii dei praecipui fuerunt Thunor et Tiw. Anglosaxones etiam alias entitates supernaturales crediderunt esse, quae terram habitabat, inter quas fuerunt alfi, naiades, et dracones.[4] Usus cultici plerumque ostentus harum deitatum studii expressit, sacrificio rerum inanimarum et animalium non exceptis, praecipue in certis feriis religiosis per compositionem anni habitis. Opiniones paganae ritus funereos etiam moverunt, ubi mortui inhumati aut cremati sunt, usitate cum bonis sepulcralibus sepulti. Prima religio Anglosaxonica etiam elementa magica habuit, ac nonnulli eruditi coniectaverunt ei proprietates shamanicas fortasse fuerunt. Hae notiones religiosae ad structuram societatis Anglosaxonicae pertinuerunt, quae fuit hierarchica, cum reges genus rectum a deo, praesertim Woden, saepe postulabant; leges hoc tempore etiam moverunt.
Deitates huius religionis in lingua Anglica origo fuerunt nominum hebdomadis. Multum autem huius religionis obscurum manet, et quod hodie de ea scitur praecipue venit ex indiciis archaeologicis quae praesto sunt. Quae de religione et eius mythologia comitante intelleguntur litteras et paganismum recentiorem ex saeculo duodevicensimo moverunt.
Dies hebdomadis
[recensere | fontem recensere]Anglosaxones, sicut aliae gentes Germanicae, nomina dierum hebdomadis accommodaverunt per eorum consuetudinem cum Imperio Romano, sed eorum deos deitatibus Romanis imposuerunt (die Saturni excepto) per rationem interpretatio Germanica appellatam:
Nomen diei Anglicum recens | Nomen diei Anglicum vetus | Significatio Anglica | Ex nomine Latino conversum | Significatio |
---|---|---|---|---|
Monday | Mōnandæg | Moon's day[5] | Dies Lunae | Dies Lunae |
Tuesday | Tiwesdæg | Tiw's day | Dies Martis | Dies Martis |
Wednesday | Wōdnesdæg | Woden's day | Dies Mercurii | Dies Mercurii |
Thursday | Þūnresdæg | Thunor's day | Dies Iovis | Dies Iovis |
Friday | Frigedæg | *Frija's day | Dies Veneris | Dies Veneris |
Saturday | Sæturnesdæg | Saturn's day | Dies Saturni | Dies Saturni |
Sunday | Sunnandæg | Sun's day | Dies Solis | Dies Solis |
Nexus interni
Notae
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- ↑ Carver, Sanmark, et Semple 2010, p. ix.
- ↑ E. G. Stanley, The Search for Anglo-Saxon Paganism (Cambridge, 1975), passim.
- ↑ Atkinson 1891.
- ↑ Semple 2010, 24-25.
- ↑ In mythologia Nordica, deus Máni personata.
- ↑ Wilson 1992. p. 118.
Bibliographia
[recensere | fontem recensere]- Textus historici
- Libri
- Ackerman, John Yonge. 1855. Remains of Pagan Saxondom. Londinii: John Russel Smith.
- Atkinson, John C. 1891. Forty Years in a Moorland Parish.
- Branston, Brian. 1957. The Lost Gods of England. Londinii: Thames and Hudson.
- Chaney, William A. 1970. The Cult of Kinship in Anglo-Saxon England: The Transition from Paganism to Christianity. University of California Press.
- Ewing, Thor. 2008. Gods and Worshippers in the Viking and Germanic World. Tempus. ISBN 0752435906.
- Griffiths, Bill. 1996. Aspects of Anglo-Saxon Magic. Anglo-Saxon Books. ISBN 1898281335.
- Herbert, Kathy. 1994. Looking for the Lost Gods of England. Anglo-Saxon Books. ISBN 1898281041.
- Hutton, Ronald. 1991. The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy. Oxoniae: Blackwell. ISBNJ 0631189467.
- Hutton, Ronald. 1996. The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain. Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press.
- Pennick, Nigel. 1995. A History of Pagan Europe. Londinii et Novi Eboraci: Routledge. ISBN 0415091365.
- Macleod, Mindy, et Bernard Mees. 2006. Runic Amulets and Magic Objects. Boydell Press. ISBN 1843832054.
- Pollington, Stephen. 2011. The Elder Gods: The Otherworld of Early England. Little Downham, Cantabrigiae: Anglo-Saxon Books. ISBN 9781898281641.
- Kemble, John. 1949. The Saxons in England. Vol. I. Londinii.
- Wilson, David. 1992. Anglo-Saxon Paganism. Londinii et Novi Eboraci: Routledge. ISBN 0415018978.
- Commentarii academici
- Carver, Martin. 2010. Agency, Intellect and the Archaeological Agenda. In Signals of Belief in Early England: Anglo-Saxon Paganism Revisited, ed. Martin Carver, Alex Sanmark, et Sarah Semple, 1-20. Oxoniae et Oakville: Oxbow Books. ISBN 9781842173954.
- Carver, Martin, Alex Sanmark, et Sarah Semple. 2010. Preface. In Signals of Belief in Early England: Anglo-Saxon Paganism Revisited, ed. Martin Carver, Alex Sanmark, et Sarah Semple, ix-x. Oxoniae et Oakville: Oxbow Books. ISBN 9781842173954.
- Crawford, Sally. 2004. Votive Deposition, Religion and the Anglo-Saxon Furnished Burial Ritual. World Archaeology 36(1):87-102.
- Halsall, Guy. 1989. Anthropology and the Study of Pre-Conquest Warfare and Society: The Ritual War in Anglo-Saxon England. In Weapons and Warfare in Anglo-Saxon England, ed. Hawkes.
- Semple, Sarah. 2010. In the Open Air. In Signals of Belief in Early England: Anglo-Saxon Paganism Revisited, ed. Martin Carver, Alex Sanmark, et Sarah Semple, 21-48. Oxoniae et Oakville: Oxbow Books. ISBN 978-1-84217-395-4.
- Wormald, Patrick. 1978. Bede, Beowulf and the Conversion of the Anglo-Saxon Aristocracy. In Bede and Anglo-Saxon England, ed. R. T. Farrell. British Archaeological Reports, British Series, 46.
- Wormald, Patrick. 1983. Bede, Bretwaldas and the Origins of the Gens Anglorum. In Ideal and Reality in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Society, ed. Patrick Wormald. Oxoniae.
Nexus externi
[recensere | fontem recensere]- "Heathen cult in English place-names," germanic.eu