HMS Glorious
![]() Glorious sejurus selepas penukarannya kepada kapal pengangkut pesawat
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Sejarah | |
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Nama: | Glorious |
Dipesan: | 14 Mac 1915 |
Pembina: | Harland and Wolff, Belfast |
Kos: | £1,967,223 |
Nombor limbungan: | 482–484 |
Dibaringkan: | 1 Mei 1915 |
Dilancarkan: | 20 April 1916 |
Disiapkan: | 31 Disember 1916 |
Ditauliah: | Januari 1917 |
Reclassified: | Ditukar ke kapal induk, 1924–1930 |
Pengenalan: | Nombor pennant: 77 |
Nama gelaran: | Laborious |
Takdir: | Ditenggelamkan oleh Scharnhorst dan Gneisenau, 8 Jun 1940 |
Ciri-ciri umum (sebagai kruiser tempur) | |
Kelas dan jenis: | kruiser tempur kelas-Courageous |
Sesaran: |
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Panjang: | 786 ka 9 in (239.8 m) (o/a) |
Lunas: | 81 ka (24.7 m) |
Draught: | 25 ka 10 in (7.9 m) |
Installed power: |
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Jana kuasa: | 4 syaf; 4 turbin stim bergear |
Halaju: | 32 knot (59 km/j; 37 mph) |
Jarak: | 6,000 nmi (11,000 km; 6,900 bt) at 20 knot (37 km/j; 23 mph) |
Anak kapal: | 842 pegawai dan kelasi |
Persenjataan: |
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Perisai: |
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Ciri-ciri umum (sebagai kapal induk pesawat) | |
Kelas dan jenis: | kapal pengangkut pesawat kelas-Courageous |
Sesaran: |
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Panjang: |
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Lunas: | 90 ka 6 in (27.6 m) (di garisan air) |
Draught: | 27.75 ka (8.5 m) |
Halaju: | 30 knot (56 km/j; 35 mph) |
Jarak: | 5,860 nmi (10,850 km; 6,740 bt) at 16 knot (30 km/j; 18 mph) |
Anak kapal: | 793 + 490 grup udara (1931) |
Persenjataan: | 16 × single meriam dwi guna 4.7 inci (120 mm) |
Perisai: |
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Pesawat yang dibawa: | 48 |
HMS Glorious adalah kapal kedua dari tiga kruiser tempur kelas-Courageous yang dibina untuk Royal Navy semasa Perang Dunia Pertama. Direka untuk menyokong Projek Baltik yang diperjuangkan oleh First Sea Lord, Lord Fisher, namun ia mempunyai senjata ringan dan sedikit perisai. Glorious siap pada akhir tahun 1916 dan menghabiskan perang dengan meronda Laut Utara. Ia terlibat dalam Pertempuran Kedua Heligoland Bight pada November 1917 dan hadir semasa Armada Laut Lepas Jerman menyerah kalah setahun kemudian.
Glorious telah disimpan selepas perang, tetapi dibina semula sebagai kapal induk semasa akhir tahun 1920an. Ia boleh membawa 30 peratus lebih pesawat daripada kapal separa kembarnya Furious yang mempunyai berat hampir sama. Selepas pentauliahan semula pada tahun 1930, ia menghabiskan sebahagian besar kerjayanya beroperasi di Laut Mediterranean. Selepas meletusnya Perang Dunia Kedua pada September 1939, Glorious menghabiskan keseluruhan tahun itu dengan kegagalan memburu penyerang kapal dagang Kruiser Jerman Admiral Graf Spee di Lautan Hindi sebelum kembali ke Mediterranean. Ia telah dipanggil pulang pada April 1940 untuk membantu operasi di Norway. Sewaktu memindahkan pesawat British dari Norway pada bulan Jun, kapal itu telah ditenggelamkan oleh kapal tempur Jerman Scharnhorst dan Gneisenau di Laut Utara dengan kehilangan lebih 1,200 nyawa.
Nota
[sunting | sunting sumber]Nota kaki
[sunting | sunting sumber]Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bowdler, John M. (2002). "Re: HMS Glorious Collision, 1931". Warship International. XXXIX (4): 318–319. ISSN 0043-0374.
- Brown, David (1977). Aircraft Carriers. New York: Arco Publishing Company. ISBN 0-668-04164-1.
- Burt, R. A. (1993). British Battleships, 1919–1939. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 1-85409-068-2.
- Burt, R. A. (1986). British Battleships of World War One. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-863-8.
- Campbell, John (1985). Naval Weapons of World War II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-459-4.
- Campbell, N. J. M. (1978). Battle Cruisers: The Design and Development of British and German Battlecruisers of the First World War Era. Warship Special. 1. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-130-0.
- Friedman, Norman (1988). British Carrier Aviation: The Evolution of the Ships and Their Aircraft. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-054-8.
- Haarr, Geirr H. (2010). The Battle for Norway: April–June 1940. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-051-1.
- Hayward, Roger (1998). The Fleet Air Arm in Camera. Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-1979-5.
- Horan, Mark E. (2001). "Re: The Loss of HMS Glorious". Warship International. International Naval Research Organization. XXXVIII (2): 117–120. ISSN 0043-0374.
- Howland, Vernon W. (1994). "The Loss of HMS Glorious: An Analysis of the Action". Warship International. International Naval Research Organization. XXXI (1): 47–62. ISSN 0043-0374.
- McBride, Keith (1990). "The Weird Sisters". Dalam Gardiner, Robert (penyunting). Warship. 1990. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. m/s. 93–101. ISBN 1-55750-903-4.
- Newbolt, Henry (1996). Naval Operations. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents. V (ed. reprint of the 1931). Nashville, TN: Battery Press. ISBN 0-89839-255-1.
- Parkes, Oscar (1990). British Battleships (ed. reprint of the 1957). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-075-4.
- Raven, Alan & Roberts, John (1976). British Battleships of World War Two: The Development and Technical History of the Royal Navy's Battleship and Battlecruisers from 1911 to 1946. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-817-4.
- Roberts, John (1997). Battlecruisers. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-068-1.
- Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (ed. Third Revised). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2.
- Stone, Randy (2008). "Re: Loss of HMS Glorious". Warship International. XLV (4): 263–264. ISSN 0043-0374.
- Sullivan, David M. & Sturton, Ian (2010). "Extraordinary Views of HMS Glorious and HMS Ark Royal". Warship International. XLVII (3): 257–262. ISSN 0043-0374.
- Sturtivant, Ray (1984). The Squadrons of the Fleet Air Arm. Tonbridge, UK: Air-Britain (Historians). ISBN 0-85130-120-7.
- Treasure Jones, John (2008). Tramp to Queen. Stroud, UK: History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-4625-7.
- Winton, John (1999). Carrier Glorious. London: Cassell. ISBN 0-304-35244-6.
Pautan luar
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Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan HMS Glorious |
- Photo gallery of Courageous and Glorious
- "Glarac Association website remembering those lost with HMS Glorious" – with complete CWGC casualty list.
- HMS Glorious and the Fate of No. 46 Squadron, focusing more on the squadron than the ship
- Maritimequest HMS Glorious photo gallery
- "The Tragedy of HMS Glorious" – index of original materials related to the Channel 4 documentary, no actual documents. Held at Churchill Archives Centre
- Papers about HMS Glorious, 1938 - 1998 held at Churchill Archives Centre
- Homepage of The Glorious, Ardent & Acasta Association
- Operation "Juno" Retrieved via the Wayback Machine 8 June 2021
- Review of Carrier Glorious: The life and death of an aircraft carrier by John Winton
- Data on as-fitted design and equipment
- IWM Interview with survivor Kenneth Cross
- IWM Interview with survivor James O'Neill
- IWM Interview with survivor Frederick Cooke
- IWM Interview with survivor Vernon Day
- IWM Interview with survivor Frederick Thornton
- IWM Interview with survivor William Smith