Pentane
Appearance
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Names | |||
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Preferred IUPAC name
Pentane | |||
Other names
Quintane[1]
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Identifiers | |||
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3D model (JSmol)
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Beilstein Reference | 969132 | ||
ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider | |||
DrugBank | |||
ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.358 | ||
EC Number |
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Gmelin Reference | 1766 | ||
MeSH | pentane | ||
PubChem CID
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |||
UN number | 1265 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties[3] | |||
C5H12 | |||
Molar mass | 72.15 g·mol−1 | ||
Appearance | Colourless liquid | ||
Odor | Gasoline-like[2] | ||
Density | 0.626 g mL−1; 0.6262 g mL−1 (at 20 °C) | ||
Melting point | −130.5 to −129.1 °C; −202.8 to −200.3 °F; 142.7 to 144.1 K | ||
Boiling point | 35.9 to 36.3 °C; 96.5 to 97.3 °F; 309.0 to 309.4 K | ||
40 mg L−1 (at 20 °C) | |||
log P | 3.255 | ||
Vapor pressure | 57.90 kPa (at 20.0 °C) | ||
kH | 7.8 nmol Pa−1 kg−1 | ||
Acidity (pKa) | ~45 | ||
Basicity (pKb) | ~59 | ||
λmax | 200 nm | ||
-63.05·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Refractive index (nD)
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1.358 | ||
Viscosity | 0.240 mPa·s (at 20 °C) | ||
Thermochemistry | |||
Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−174.1–−172.9 kJ mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of combustion ΔcH |
−3.5095–−3.5085 MJ mol−1 | ||
Standard molar entropy S |
263.47 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
Specific heat capacity, C | 167.19 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
Hazards | |||
NFPA 704 |
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Explosive limits | 1.5–7.8%[2] | ||
U.S. Permissible exposure limit (PEL) |
TWA 1000 ppm (2950 mg/m3)[2] | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
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Infobox references | |||
Pentane is an organic compound with the chemical formula of C
5H
12. It is an alkane with five carbon atoms. Usually, "pentane" represents all three isomers (n-pentane, isopentane and neopentane). But in the IUPAC, pentane only represents n-pentane. In the IUPAC, the other two isomers is 2-methylbutane and 2,2-dimethylpropane. Cyclopentane's chemical formula is C
5H
10, so it is not an isomer of pentane.
Isomers
[change | change source]Common name | normal pentane unbranched pentane n-pentane |
isopentane | neopentane |
IUPAC name | pentane | 2-methylbutane | 2,2-dimethylpropane |
Molecular diagram |
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Skeletal diagram |
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Reaction
[change | change source]All isomers of pentane burn with oxygen to make carbon dioxide and water:
- C
5H
12+8O
2->5CO
2+6H
2O.
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Hofmann, August Wilhelm Von (1 January 1867). "I. On the action of trichloride of phosphorus on the salts of the aromatic monamines". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 15: 54–62. doi:10.1098/rspl.1866.0018. S2CID 98496840. Retrieved 4 April 2018 – via rspl.royalsocietypublishing.org.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0486". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ↑ Record of n-Pentane in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 19 April 2011.