Šarenci
Šarenci | |
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Naučna klasifikacija ![]() | |
Domen: | Eukaryota |
Carstvo: | Animalia |
Tip: | Arthropoda |
Klasa: | Insecta |
Red: | Lepidoptera |
Natporodica: | Papilionoidea |
Porodica: | Nymphalidae Rafinesque, 1815 |
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Šarenci ili riđe (Nymphalidae) brojna su porodica dnevnih leptira. Velika krila su im sa gornje strane živih boja. Kad krila pri mirovanju sklope vidljiva je donja strana koja je neuglednija i često slična okolini. Prednje noge su im zakržljale, antene kijačaste.[1]
Gusenice imaju trnovite izrasline ili su kratkodlake. Lutka im je obično strmoglavica.[2]
Sistematika i filogenija
[уреди | уреди извор]Plemena
[уреди | уреди извор]- Ageroniini E. Doubleday, 1847
- Anaeini Reuter, 1896
- Argynnini Swainson, 1833
- Biblidini Boisduval, 1833
- Catonephelini d'Almeida, 1932
- Coeini Scudder, 1893
- Danaini Boisduval, 1833
- Elymniini Herrich-Schäffer, 1864
- Epiphelini Jenkins, 1987
- Eubagini Burmeister, 1878
- Euploeini
- Eurytelini E. Doubleday, 1845
- Godyridini
- Heliconiini Swainson, 1822
- Ithomiini Godman and Salvin, 1879
- Junoniini Reuter, 1896
- Kallimini Doherty, 1886
- Limenitidini Behr, 1864
- Melitaeini Newman, 1870
- Morphini Newman, 1834
- Nymphalini Rafinesque, 1815
- Satyrini Boisduval, 1833
- Victorinini Scudder, 1893
Rodovi
[уреди | уреди извор]- Adelpha Hübner, 1819
- Aglais Dalman, 1816
- Agraulis Boisduval and Le Conte, 1835
- Anaea Hübner, 1819
- Anartia Hübner, 1819
- Anthanassa Scudder, 1875
- Antillea Higgins, 1959
- Asterocampa Röber, 1916
- Atlantea Higgins, 1959
- Biblis [Fabricius], 1807
- Boloria Moore, 1900
- Castilia Higgins, 1981
- Cercyonis Scudder, 1875
- Chlosyne Butler, 1870
- Coenonympha Hübner, 1819
- Cyllopsis R. Felder, 1869
- Dagon Higgins, 1981
- Danaus Kluk, 1780
- Dione Hübner, 1819
- Dircenna E. Doubleday, 1847
- Doxocopa Hübner, 1819
- Dryadula Michener, 1942
- Dryas Hübner, 1807
- Dymasia Higgins, 1960
- Dynamine Hübner, 1819
- Epiphile E. Doubleday, 1845
- Erebia Dalman, 1816
- Eresia Boisduval, 1836
- Eueides Hübner, 1816
- Eunica Hübner, 1819
- Euphydryas Scudder, 1872
- Euptoieta E. Doubleday, 1848
- Euptychia Hübner, 1818
- Gnathotriche Felder and Felder, 1862
- Gyrocheilus Butler, 1867
- Hamadryas Hübner, 1806
- Heliconius Kluk, 1780
- Hermeuptychia Forster, 1964
- Higginsius Hemming, 1964
- Historis Hübner, 1819
- Hypanartia Hübner, 1821
- Hypolimnas Hübner, 1819
- Janatella Higgins, 1981
- Junonia Hübner, 1819
- Lethe Hübner, 1819
- Libytheana Michener, 1943
- Limenitis [Fabricius], 1807
- Lycorea E. Doubleday, 1847
- Marpesia Hübner, 1818
- Mazia Higgins, 1981
- Megisto Hübner, 1819
- Melitaea Fabricius, 1807
- Memphis Hübner, 1819
- Mestra Hübner, 1825
- Microtia H. Bates, 1864
- Morpho [Fabricius], 1807
- Myscelia E. Doubleday, 1845
- Neominois Scudder, 1875
- Neonympha Hübner, 1818
- Nymphalis Kluk, 1780
- Oeneis Hübner, 1819
- Ortilia Higgins, 1981
- Paramacera Butler, 1868
- Phyciodes Hübner, 1819
- Phystis Higgins, 1981
- Poladryas Bauer, 1961
- Polygonia Hübner, 1819
- Siproeta Hübner, 1823
- Smyrna Hübner, 1823
- Speyeria Scudder, 1872
- Tegosa Higgins, 1981
- Telenassa Higgins, 1981
- Temenis Hübner, 1819
- Texola Higgins, 1959
- Vanessa [Fabricius], 1807-valid
Vrste
[уреди | уреди извор]Dele se u dve grupe: prva ima talasast rub krila smeđe boje s crvenim, žutim, belim ili plavim pegama, a druga grupa ima zaobljena krila crveno-smeđe boje sa tamnim pegama sa gornje, a beličastom ili srebrnom šarom u obliku mreže s donje strane.
Najpoznatije su vrste: monarh (Danaus plexippus), afrički monarh (Danaus chrysippus), plameni šarenac (Melitaea didyma), dnevni paunovac (Inachis io), admiral (Vanessa atalanta), koprivar (Aglais urticae), smeđi čestarac (Limenitis camilla), modri prelivac (Apatura iris), kraljev plašt (Nymphalis antiopa), crnooki šarenac (Melitaea cinxia), čkaljevac (Vanessa cardui), obična sedefica (Argynnis paphia), šumska riđa (Araschnia levana), zelena sedefica (Speyeria aglaja).[3]
- Adelpha basiloides H. Bates, 1865
- Adelpha bredowii Geyer, 1837
- Adelpha californica (Butler, 1865)
- Adelpha eulalia (E. Doubleday, 1848)
- Adelpha fessonia (Hewitson, 1847)
- Aglais milberti (Godart, 1819)
- Aglais urticae (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Agraulis vanillae (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Anaea aidea (Guérin-Méneville, 1844)
- Anaea andria Scudder, 1875
- Anaea troglodyta (Fabricius, 1775)
- Anartia chrysopelea Hübner, 1831
- Anartia fatima (Fabricius, 1793)
- Anartia jatrophae (Linnaeus, 1763)
- Anthanassa argentea (Godman and Salvin, 1882)
- Anthanassa frisia (Poey, 1832)
- Anthanassa ptolyca (H. Bates, 1864)
- Anthanassa texana (W. H. Edwards, 1863)
- Anthanassa tulcis (H. Bates, 1864)
- Asterocampa celtis (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1835)
- Asterocampa clyton (Boisduval and Le Conte, 1835)
- Asterocampa idyja (Geyer, 1828)
- Asterocampa leilia (W. H. Edwards, 1874)
- Atlantea tulita (Dewitz, 1877)
- Biblis hyperia (Cramer, 1779)
- Boloria alaskensis (W. Holland, 1900)
- Boloria alberta (W. H. Edwards, 1890)
- Boloria astarte (E. Doubleday, 1847)
- Boloria bellona (Fabricius, 1775)
- Boloria chariclea (Schneider, 1794)
- Boloria epithore (W. H. Edwards, 1864)
- Boloria eunomia (Esper, 1800)
- Boloria freija (Thunberg, 1791)
- Boloria frigga (Thunberg, 1791)
- Boloria improba (Butler, 1877)
- Boloria kriemhild (Strecker, 1879)
- Boloria napaea (Hoffmansegg, 1804)
- Boloria natazhati (Gibson, 1920)
- Boloria polaris (Boisduval, 1828)
- Boloria selene ([Schiffermüller], 1775)
- Boloria titania (Esper, 1793)
- Cercyonis meadii (W. H. Edwards, 1872)
- Cercyonis oetus (Boisduval, 1869)
- Cercyonis pegala (Fabricius, 1775)
- Cercyonis sthenele (Boisduval, 1852)
- Chlosyne acastus (W. H. Edwards, 1874)
- Chlosyne californica (W. G. Wright, 1905)
- Chlosyne cyneas (Godman and Salvin, 1878)
- Chlosyne damoetas (Skinner, 1902)
- Chlosyne definita (E. Aaron, 1885)
- Chlosyne ehrenbergii (Geyer, 1833)
- Chlosyne endeis (Godman and Salvin, 1894)
- Chlosyne erodyle (H. W. Bates, 1864)
- Chlosyne eumeda (Godman and Salvin, 1894)
- Chlosyne fulvia (W. H. Edwards, 1879)
- Chlosyne gabbii (Behr, 1863)
- Chlosyne gorgone (Hübner, 1810)
- Chlosyne harrisii (Scudder, 1863)
- Chlosyne hoffmanni (Behr, 1863)
- Chlosyne janais (Drury, 1782)
- Chlosyne lacinia (Geyer, 1837)
- Chlosyne leanira (C. Felder and R. Felder, 1860)
- Chlosyne marina (Geyer, 1837)
- Chlosyne melitaeoides (C. Felder and R. Felder, 1867)
- Chlosyne nycteis (E. Doubleday, 1847)
- Chlosyne palla (Boisduval, 1852)
- Chlosyne rosita A. Hall, 1924
- Chlosyne theona (Ménétriés, 1855)
- Chlosyne whitneyi (Behr, 1863)
- Coenonympha haydenii (W. H. Edwards, 1872)
- Coenonympha tullia (Müller, 1764)
- Cyllopsis gemma (Hübner, 1809)
- Cyllopsis pertepida (Dyar, 1912)
- Cyllopsis pyracmon (Butler, 1867)
- Danaus eresimus (Cramer, 1777)
- Danaus gilippus (Cramer, 1775)
- Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Dione moneta Hübner, 1825
- Dircenna klugii (Geyer, 1837)
- Doxocopa laure (Drury, 1773)
- Doxocopa pavon (Latreille, 1809)
- Dryadula phaetusa (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Dryas iulia (Fabricius, 1775)
- Dymasia dymas (W. H. Edwards, 1877)
- Dynamine dyonis Geyer, 1837
- Dynamine postverta (Cramer, 1779)
- Dynamine tithia (Hübner, 1823)
- Epiphile adrasta Hewitson, 1861
- Erebia callias W. H. Edwards, 1871
- Erebia dabanensis Ershov, 1871
- Erebia disa (Thunberg, 1791)
- Erebia discoidalis (W. Kirby, 1837)
- Erebia epipsodea Butler, 1868
- Erebia fasciata Butler, 1868
- Erebia kozhantshikovi Sheljuzhko, 1925
- Erebia lafontainei Troubridge and Philip, 1983
- Erebia mackinleyensis Gunder, 1932
- Erebia magdalena Strecker, 1880
- Erebia mancinus E. Doubleday, 1849
- Erebia occulta Roos and Kimmich, 1983
- Erebia pawloskii Ménétriés, 1859
- Erebia rossii (J. Curtis, 1835)
- Erebia theano (Tauscher, 1809)
- Erebia vidleri Elwes, 1898
- Erebia youngi W. Holland, 1900
- Eueides isabella (Stoll, 1781)
- Eunica monima (Stoll, 1782)
- Eunica tatila (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)
- Euphydryas anicia (E. Doubleday, 1847)
- Euphydryas chalcedona (E. Doubleday, 1847)
- Euphydryas colon (W. H. Edwards, 1881)
- Euphydryas editha (Boisduval, 1852)
- Euphydryas gillettii (W. Barnes, 1897)
- Euphydryas phaeton (Drury, 1773)
- Euptoieta claudia (Cramer, 1775)
- Euptoieta hegesia (Cramer, 1779)
- Gyrocheilus patrobas (Hewitson, 1862)
- Hamadryas amphichloe (Boisduval, 1870)
- Hamadryas amphinome (Linnaeus, 1767)
- Hamadryas atlantis (H. Bates, 1864)
- Hamadryas februa (Hübner, 1823)
- Hamadryas feronia (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Hamadryas fornax (Hübner, 1823)
- Hamadryas glauconome (H. Bates, 1864)
- Hamadryas guatemalena (H. Bates, 1864)
- Hamadryas iphthime (H. Bates, 1864)
- Heliconius charithonia (Linnaeus, 1767)
- Heliconius erato (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Hermeuptychia hermes (Fabricius, 1775)
- Hermeuptychia sosybius (Fabricius, 1793)
- Historis acheronta (Fabricius, 1775)
- Historis odius (Fabricius, 1775)
- Hypanartia lethe (Fabricius, 1793)
- Hypolimnas misippus (Linnaeus, 1764)
- Junonia coenia Hübner, 1822
- Junonia evarete (Cramer, 1779)
- Junonia genoveva (Cramer, 1780)
- Lethe anthedon (A. Clark, 1936)
- Lethe appalachia R. Chermock, 1947
- Lethe creola (Skinner, 1897)
- Lethe eurydice (Linnaeus, 1763)
- Lethe portlandia (Fabricius, 1781)
- Libytheana carinenta (Cramer, 1777)
- Libytheana motya (Hübner, 1823)
- Limenitis archippus (Cramer, 1775)
- Limenitis arthemis (Drury, 1773)
- Limenitis lorquini Boisduval, 1852
- Limenitis weidemeyerii W. H. Edwards, 1861
- Lycorea halia (Hübner, 1816)
- Marpesia chiron (Fabricius, 1775)
- Marpesia eleuchea Hübner, 1818
- Marpesia petreus (Cramer, 1776)
- Marpesia zerynthia Hübner, 1823
- Megisto cymela (Cramer, 1777)
- Megisto rubricata (W. H. Edwards, 1871)
- Memphis echemus (E. Doubleday, 1849)
- Memphis glycerium (E. Doubleday, 1849)
- Memphis pithyusa (R. Felder, 1869)
- Mestra amymone (Ménétriés, 1857)
- Mestra dorcas Fabricius, 1775
- Microtia elva H. Bates, 1864
- Morpho peleides Kollar, 1850
- Morpho polyphemus Westwood, 1850
- Myscelia cyananthe (C. Felder and R. Felder, 1867)
- Myscelia ethusa (Doyère, 1840)
- Neominois ridingsii (W. H. Edwards, 1865)
- Neonympha areolatus (J. E. Smith, 1797)
- Neonympha helicta (Hübner, 1808)
- Neonympha mitchellii French, 1889
- Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Nymphalis californica (Boisduval, 1852)
- Nymphalis l-album (Esper, 1781)
- Oeneis alberta Elwes, 1893
- Oeneis alpina Kurentsov, 1970
- Oeneis bore (Esper, 1789)
- Oeneis chryxus (E. Doubleday, 1849)
- Oeneis jutta (Hübner, 1806)
- Oeneis macounii (W. H. Edwards, 1885)
- Oeneis melissa (Fabricius, 1775)
- Oeneis nevadensis (C. Felder and R. Felder, 1867)
- Oeneis philipi Troubridge, 1988
- Oeneis polixenes (Fabricius, 1775)
- Oeneis uhleri (Reakirt, 1866)
- Paramacera xicaque (Reakirt, 1867)
- Phyciodes batesii (Reakirt, 1866)
- Phyciodes cocyta (Cramer, 1777)
- Phyciodes graphica (R. Felder, 1869)
- Phyciodes mylitta (W. H. Edwards, 1861)
- Phyciodes orseis W. H. Edwards, 1871
- Phyciodes pallescens (Felder, 1869)
- Phyciodes pallida (W. H. Edwards, 1864)
- Phyciodes phaon (W. H. Edwards, 1864)
- Phyciodes picta (W. H. Edwards, 1865)
- Phyciodes pulchella (Boisduval, 1852)
- Phyciodes tharos (Drury, 1773)
- Poladryas arachne (W. H. Edwards, 1869)
- Poladryas minuta (W. H. Edwards, 1861)
- Polygonia comma (T. Harris, 1842)
- Polygonia faunus (W. H. Edwards, 1862)
- Polygonia gracilis (Grote and Robinson, 1867)
- Polygonia interrogationis (Fabricius, 1798)
- Polygonia oreas (W. H. Edwards, 1869)
- Polygonia progne (Cramer, 1775)
- Polygonia satyrus (W. H. Edwards, 1869)
- Siproeta epaphus (Latreille, 1813)
- Siproeta stelenes (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Smyrna blomfildia (Fabricius, 1781)
- Smyrna karwinskii Geyer, 1833
- Speyeria adiaste (W. H. Edwards, 1864)
- Speyeria aphrodite (Fabricius, 1787)
- Speyeria atlantis (W. H. Edwards, 1862)
- Speyeria callippe (Boisduval, 1852)
- Speyeria carolae (dos Passos and Grey, 1942)
- Speyeria coronis (Behr, 1864)
- Speyeria cybele (Fabricius, 1775)
- Speyeria diana (Cramer, 1777)
- Speyeria edwardsii (Reakirt, 1866)
- Speyeria egleis (Behr, 1862)
- Speyeria hesperis (W. H. Edwards, 1864)
- Speyeria hydaspe (Boisduval, 1869)
- Speyeria idalia (Drury, 1773)
- Speyeria mormonia (Boisduval, 1869)
- Speyeria nokomis (W. H. Edwards, 1862)
- Speyeria zerene (Boisduval, 1852)
- Tegosa luka Higgins, 1981
- Temenis laothoe (Cramer, 1777)
- Texola elada (Hewitson, 1868)
- Vanessa annabella (W. D. Field, 1971)
- Vanessa atalanta (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Vanessa tameamea Escholtz, 1821
- Vanessa virginiensis (Drury, 1773)
Reference
[уреди | уреди извор]- ^ Wolfe, Joanna M.; Oliver, Jeffrey C.; Monteiro, Antónia (1. 01. 2011). „Evolutionary reduction of the first thoracic limb in butterflies”. Journal of Insect Science (на језику: енглески). 11 (1): 66. ISSN 1536-2442. PMC 3281478
. PMID 21867433. doi:10.1673/031.011.6601.
- ^ Ivo Matoničkin, Ivan Habdija, Biserka Primc-Habdija, Beskralješnjaci, biologija viših avertebrata, Školska knjiga, Zagreb. 1999. ISBN 978-953-0-30824-4.
- ^ Alciphron
Reference
[уреди | уреди извор]- Glassberg, Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars, The West (2001)
- Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. Butterflies of British Columbia (2001)
- James, David G. and Nunnallee, David Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies (2011)
- Pelham, Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (2008)
- Pyle, Robert Michael The Butterflies of Cascadia (2002)
Spoljašnje veze
[уреди | уреди извор]![](http://178.128.105.246/cars-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png)
- Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility (2003): Family Nymphalidae
- Family Nymphalidae at Lepidoptera.pro
- Peter Chew: Danaids and Browns - Family Nymphalidae, Brisbane butterflies web site (2005).
- Tree of Life Web Project: Nymphalidae Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (7. јун 2020)
- Nymphalidae from all over the world
- Butterflies and Moths of North America
- Butterflies of America