愛
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Han character
愛 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月月心水 (BBPE), четири-угла 20247, composition ⿳爫冖𢖻)
Derived characters
- 僾(𫣊), 噯(嗳), 嬡(嫒), 懓(𭞄), 曖(暧), 燰(𬊺), 璦(瑷), 皧, 瞹, 薆(𫉁), 鑀, 靉(叆), 鱫, 𣜬(𪳗), 𤻅, 𥖦, 𥣁, 𥴨(𫂖), 𦆔, 𦡝(𫆫), 𧓁, 𧞇, 𨙤, 𨣥, 𩡣(𩡖), 𪇈, 𪒱, 𭩊, 𮙀
Related characters
Descendants
- 𛀃 (Hentaigana)
References
- KangXi: page 395, карактер 13
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: карактер 10947
- Dae Jaweon: страна 732, карактер 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: том 4, страна 2323, карактер 1
- Unihan data за U+611B
трад. | 愛 | |
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једн. | 爱 | |
alternative forms |
Glyph origin
Историјски облици карактера 愛 | |
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Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
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Знакови у истом фонетском низу (愛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Стари Кинески | |
愛 | |
曖 | |
僾 | |
靉 | |
薆 | |
璦 | |
瞹 |
Originally 㤅, a phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声) : phonetic 旡 (jì) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
As early as the Qin dynasty, a meaningless component 夊 (“foot”) was added to the bottom of the character, as with some other characters depicting people. Compare 憂 (from 㥑).
Further corruption turned the original phonetic 旡 into ⿱爫冖.
Etymology
Based on Baxter's (1992) Old Chinese reconstruction /*ʔɨts/, STEDT suggests that it is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋ-(w)aːj (“to copulate; to love; to be gentle”). Compare Proto-Karen *ʔai (“to love”), whence Pa'o Karen [script needed] (ʔái, “to love”), S'gaw Karen အဲၣ် ('ɛ̀, “to love”); Southern Bai e⁴⁴ (“love”); Mizo hma-ngaih (“to love, to like”); Jingpho nwai (“to respect, to love”), ngwi (“to be gentle”); Burmese ငွေ့ (ngwe., “to be gentle, moderate”). The Chinese word is related to a Tibeto-Burman allofam without initial *ŋ-. STEDT states that an Old Chinese reconstruction of /*ʔɨjs/ for 愛 is also possible because Old Chinese rhyming does not provide direct evidence of contacts with *-t.
However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstructs /*[q]ˁə[p]-s/, which ends in *-p-s instead. The Old Chinese contrast between *-p-s and *-t-s was lost at a late stage of Old Chinese. The final *-p is not reflected in the Tibeto-Burman comparandum provided by STEDT, making the likelihood that the Chinese form is related to the rest very low (Sagart, 2019). Behr (2016) suggests a derivation from a verbal root meaning "to draw in; to inhale; to suck in", relating it to 吸 (OC *qʰ(r)əp, “to inhale”), 欱 (OC *qʰˁ[ə]p, “to sip”), 愾 (OC *qʰəp-s, “to sigh with regret”), 僾 (OC *qˁəp-s, “to pant”), 氣 (OC *C.qʰəp-s, “vapour; breath”).
Pronunciation
Lua грешка in Модул:wuu-pron at line 162: Incorrect tone notation "2" for sh. See WT:AZH/Wu..
Definitions
愛
- to love
- 仁者愛人,有禮者敬人。愛人者人恆愛之,敬人者人恆敬之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Rén zhě ài rén, yǒulǐ zhě jìng rén. Ài rén zhě rén héng ài zhī, jìng rén zhě rén héng jìng zhī. [Pinyin]
- A benevolent person loves others. A person of propriety shows respect to others. Those who love others are constantly loved by them. Those who respect others are constantly respected by them.
仁者爱人,有礼者敬人。爱人者人恒爱之,敬人者人恒敬之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 吾至愛汝,即此愛汝一念,使吾勇於就死也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 1911, Lin Juemin, Farewell Letter to Yiying (《與妻訣別書》)
- Wú zhì ài rǔ, jí cǐ ài rǔ yī niàn, shǐ wú yǒngyú jiù sǐ yě. [Pinyin]
- I love you deeply, and it is this single thought of loving you that enables me to take courage in the face of imminent death.
吾至爱汝,即此爱汝一念,使吾勇于就死也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to treasure; to value
- 夏不衣裘,非愛裘也,暖有餘也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE
- Xià bù yì qiú, fēi ài qiú yě, nuǎn yǒuyú yě. [Pinyin]
- One does not wear fur in summer not because he treasures fur, but because it is already more than warm.
夏不衣裘,非爱裘也,暖有余也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to like; to be fond of; to be keen on
- 他愛說話。/他爱说话。 ― Tā ài shuōhuà. ― He likes to talk.
- 我不愛吃豬肉。/我不爱吃猪肉。 ― Wǒ bù ài chī zhūròu. ― I don't like to eat pork.
- to begrudge; to be reluctant
- 申生不敢愛其死。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Shēnshēng bùgǎn ài qí sǐ. [Pinyin]
- I, Shensheng, do not presume to grudge dying.
申生不敢爱其死。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to be prone; to be easy to
- love; affection
- 世上決沒有無緣無故的愛,也沒有無緣無故的恨。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1942, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《在延安文藝座談會上的講話》 (Talks at the Yenan Forum on Literature and Art), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
- Shìshàng jué méiyǒu wúyuánwúgù de ài, yě méiyǒu wúyuánwúgù de hèn. [Pinyin]
- There is absolutely no such thing in the world as love or hatred with out reason or cause.
世上决没有无缘无故的爱,也没有无缘无故的恨。 [MSC, simp.]
- love; benevolence
- something one loves; someone whom one loves
- Honorific for someone else's daughter; variant of 嬡/嫒.
- beloved
- (Cantonese, Hakka, Wu, Teochew) to want (an object)
- 快樂就係 想愛麼個就得著 [Sixian Hakka, trad.]
- From: (Can we date this quote?), 饒瑞軍 (lyrics), Tetsurō Oda (music), 《快樂希望》 (Hakka version of Yume Ippai), performed by 龔心怡
- 快樂 就 he 想 愛 麼-ke 就 得-tó [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
快乐就系 想爱么个就得着 [Sixian Hakka, simp.]
- (Hakka, Min) to want (to do)
- (Hakka, Min) to need to; must
- 有一點愛注意的。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
- Ū chi̍t 點 ài chù-ì--ê. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
- There's one thing you must bear in mind.
有一点爱注意的。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
- (archaic) Alternative form of 薆/𫉁 (“to hide”).
- A презиме..
Usage notes
- When used for people, 愛/爱 usually refers to romantic love. When used like this, older Mandarin speakers often describe the use of this term as overly 肉麻 (“overly romantic; corny; cheesy”). For this reason, the word 喜歡/喜欢 (“to like”) might be used instead. Using the word 喜歡/喜欢 literally means like, but when used in a romantic context (especially boyfriend/girlfriend), it actually means love. Compare Јапански 好き (suki). However, younger Mandarin speakers, especially those who have been in love for some time, seem to have been influenced somewhat by Western culture, and are now using the verb 愛/爱 much more often than was socially acceptable in the past.
Synonyms
Compounds
Descendants
Others:
- →? Proto-Hlai: *ʔəːp (“to love”)
Further reading
- “Entry #9456”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Мандарин and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: あい (ai, Jōyō); お (o)
- Kan-on: あい (ai, Jōyō)
- Kun: いつくしむ (itsukushimu, 愛しむ); いとしい (itoshii, 愛しい); いとおしむ (itooshimu, 愛おしむ); かなしい (kanashii, 愛しい); おしむ (oshimu, 愛しむ); まな (mana, 愛); めでる (mederu, 愛でる)
- Nanori: あ (a); あい (ai); あし (ashi); え (e); かな (kana); なる (naru); めぐ (megu); めぐみ (megumi); よし (yoshi); ちか (chika)
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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愛 |
あい Степен: 4 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 愛.
Compare modern Мандарин 愛/爱 (ài).
Pronunciation
Noun
愛 (ai)
- love
- 愛は強い。
- Ai wa tsuyoi.
- The love is strong.
- 愛は勝つ。
- Ai wa katsu.
- The love wins.
- 愛は強い。
- affection
- Синоним: 愛情 (aijō)
- tenderness
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.- Синоним: 愛想 (aiso)
- (Buddhism) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
. - (Christianity) agape
Synonyms
Derived terms
Proper noun
愛 (Ai)
- Lua грешка in Модул:names at line 595: Unrecognized gender: female.
- a презиме.
Affix
愛 (ai)
- love
- (US) Short for 愛州 (“Lua грешка in Модул:place at line 167: attempt to index upvalue 'implication_data' (a nil value).”).
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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愛 |
まな Степен: 4 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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真 |
Originally a compound of 真 (ma, “true, genuine”) + な (na), an Old Japanese version of modern Јапански の (no, possessive particle).[3]
The use of 愛 here is an example of ateji (当て字).
Pronunciation
Prefix
愛 (mana-)
- before a common noun, expresses a sense of admiration or value: good, genuine; compare English the real deal
- before a noun describing a person, expresses praise or fondness: dear, beloved
Derived terms
- 愛弟子 (manadeshi)
- 愛娘 (manamusume)
Noun
愛 (mana)
Proper noun
愛 (Mana)
- Lua грешка in Модул:names at line 595: Unrecognized gender: female.
Etymology 3
Used as ateji in various names. 愛 is a very common element in many, many names.
Proper noun
愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 or 愛 (Azumi or Āi or Aika or Aisu or Aki or Ako or Amika or Aoi or Arisa or Aya or Ayu or Chigiri or Chika or Chikashi or Erina or Hāto or Hikari or Ito or Itoshi or Itsumi or Izumi or Kana or Kanae or Kanasa or Kizuna or Kokoro or Konomu or Madoka or Manabu or Manami or Mezuru or Mego or Megu or Megumi or Megumu or Mei or Naru or Naruko or Nozomi or Rabu or Rui or Sara or Saran or Tsugumi or Tsukumi or Ui or Yoshi or Yoshiki or Yoshimi)
- Lua грешка in Модул:names at line 595: Unrecognized gender: female.
References
- ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
- ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Јапански), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 愛.
Historical Readings | ||
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅙᆡᆼ〮 (Yale: qóy) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | ᄃᆞᅀᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: dòzól) | ᄋᆡ〯 (Yale: ǒy) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(кључ): [ɛ(ː)] ~ [e̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [애(ː)/에(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Okinawan
Kanji
Readings
Old Japanese
Alternative forms
Etymology
Originally a compound of 眞 (ma, “true, genuine”) + な (na, apophonic form of possessive particle の (no2)).
Noun
愛 (mana) (kana まな)
Derived terms
Descendants
- Јапански: 愛 (mana-)
Han character
愛: Hán Việt readings: ái-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;genibrel, áy-bonet
愛: Nôm readings: ái-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;genibrel;taberd, áy-tdcndg;tdcntd;gdhn;bonet;genibrel;taberd, ải-tdcndg
Compounds
References
愛 (кинески)
![](http://178.128.105.246/cars-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%E6%84%9B-bw.png/250px-%E6%84%9B-bw.png)
Изговор:
- пинјин: ài
Шаблон:zh-cirАудио: (датотека)
Радикал:
- 心 61
Значења:
- ...
Примери:
Синоними:
- ...
Хомофони:
- ...
Хомографи:
- ...
ХСК ниво:
- ...
Асоцијације:
- ...
Изведене речи:
- ...
Сродни чланци са Википедије:
Преводи
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Референце
Спољашње везе
Претходна Страна Наредна
Проширени садржај |
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Библијске све речи:119:001 {{{2}}} {{{3}}} Кључна реч број:00004
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- Mizo links with redundant target parameters
- Кинески Хан карактери
- Мандарин terms with usage examples
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Мандарин terms with quotations
- Cantonese Chinese
- Hakka Chinese
- Wu Chinese
- Teochew Chinese
- Кантонски terms with usage examples
- Requests for translations of Hakka usage examples
- Hakka terms with quotations
- Min Chinese
- Hokkien terms with usage examples
- Кинески terms with archaic senses
- Кинески презимена
- Chinese redlinks/zh-l
- Јапански terms with non-redundant manual transliterations
- Вијетнамски terms with redundant script codes
- Кинески terms with redundant script codes
- zh:Beginning
- Јапански индекс
- Јапански Хан карактери
- Јапански четврти grade kanji
- Јапански kyōiku kanji
- Јапански jōyō kanji
- Јапански terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys
- Јапански terms with redundant transliterations
- Јапански kanji with goon reading あい
- Јапански kanji with goon reading お
- Јапански kanji with kan'on reading あい
- Јапански kanji with kun reading いつく-しむ
- Јапански kanji with kun reading いと-しい
- Јапански kanji with kun reading いと-おしむ
- Јапански kanji with kun reading かな-しい
- Јапански kanji with kun reading お-しむ
- Јапански kanji with kun reading まな
- Јапански kanji with kun reading め-でる
- Јапански kanji with nanori reading あ
- Јапански kanji with nanori reading あい
- Јапански kanji with nanori reading あし
- Јапански kanji with nanori reading え
- Јапански kanji with nanori reading かな
- Јапански kanji with nanori reading なる
- Јапански kanji with nanori reading めぐ
- Јапански kanji with nanori reading めぐみ
- Јапански kanji with nanori reading よし
- Јапански kanji with nanori reading ちか
- Јапански термини који се пишу са 愛 читани као あい
- Јапански термини читани са on'yomi
- Јапански термини изведени од Middle Chinese
- Јапански термини са ИПА изговором
- Јапански links with redundant wikilinks
- Јапански именице
- Јапански terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Јапански terms written with one Han script character
- Јапански terms spelled with 愛
- Јапански single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Јапански термини са примерима коришћења
- Захтеви за дефиниције у Јапанским ставкама
- ja:Buddhism
- Јапански леме
- Јапански proper nouns
- Јапански презимена
- Јапански affixes
- American Јапански
- Јапански short forms
- Јапански термини који се пишу са 愛 читани као まな
- Јапански термини читани са kun'yomi
- Јапански compound терминии
- Јапански изрази наслеђени од Old Japanese
- Јапански термини изведени од Old Japanese
- Јапански prefixes
- Јапански terms with archaic senses
- Јапански terms with multiple readings
- Корејски говор
- Корејски термини изведени од Middle Chinese
- Корејски terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys
- Middle Korean links with redundant wikilinks
- Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable
- Корејски terms with redundant script codes
- Корејски Хан карактери
- Okinawan Han characters
- Grade 4 kanji
- Okinawan terms with non-redundant manual transliterations
- Okinawan kanji with kun reading かな-さん
- Old Japanese compound терминии
- Old Japanese noun
- Old Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys
- Old Japanese terms with usage examples
- Requests for translations of Old Japanese usage examples
- Old Japanese prefixes
- Вијетнамски говор
- Vietnamese Han tu
- Vietnamese Nom
- Вијетнамски Ном
- Кинеска реч
- Речи направљене аутоматизмом