Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya
Quyidagi jadvalda kelib chiqishi turkiylardan boʻlgan xalqlar asos solgan davlatlar roʻyxati keltirilgan. Bugungi kunda dunyo xaritasida 6 ta mustaqil turkiy davlatlar mavjud.
World map with present-day independent recognized Turkic countries highlighted in red
Nomi |
Yili |
|
Mustaqillik kuni
|
Turkiya
|
1923
|
75 % Turklar
|
1923-yil 29-oktabr
|
Ozarbayjon
|
1991
|
2009 — 91.6 % Ozarbayjonlar, 0.43 % Mesxetin turklari, 0.29 % Tatarlar.[1]
|
1918-yil 28-may
|
Qozogʻiston
|
1991
|
63.1 % Qozoqlar, 2.9 % Oʻzbeklar, 1.4 % Uygʻurlar, 1.3 % Tatarlar, 0.6 % Mesxetin turklari, 0.5 % Ozarbayjonlar, 0.1 % Qirgʻizlar.[2]
|
1991-yil 16-dekabr
|
Qirgʻiziston
|
1991
|
70.9 % Qirgʻizlar, 14.3 % Oʻzbeklar, 0.9 % Uygʻurlar, 0.7 % Mesxetin turklari, 0.6 % Qozoqlar, 0.6 % Tatarlar, 0.3 % Ozarbayjonlar.[3]
|
1924-yil 14-oktabr
|
Turkmaniston
|
1991
|
75.6 % Turkmanlar, 9.2 % Oʻzbeklar, 2.0 % Qozoqlar, 1.1 % Mesxetin turklari 0.7 % Tatarlar[4]
|
1991-yil 27-oktabr
|
Oʻzbekiston
|
1991
|
71.4 % Oʻzbeklar, 4.1 % Qozoqlar, 2.4 % Tatarlar, 2.1 % Qoraqalpoqlar, 1 % Qrim tatarlari, 0.8 % Qirgʻizlar, 0.6 % Turkmanlar, 0.5 % Mesxetin turklari, 0.2 % Ozarbayjonlar, 0.2 % Uygʻurlar, 0.2 % Boshqirdlar.[5]
|
1991-yil 1-sentabr
|
Faqat Turkiya tomonidan mustaqilligi tan olingan.
Nomi |
|
Gagauziya Moldovada
|
2004 — 82.1 % Gagauzlar.[7]
|
Qoraqalpogʻiston Oʻzbekistonda
|
36 % Oʻzbeklar, 32 % Qoraqalpoqlar, 25 % Qozoqlar[8]
|
Naxichevan Avtonom Respublikasi Ozarbayjonda
|
99 % Ozarbayjonlar[9]
|
Xitoy
|
Sinszyan-Uygʻur muxtor rayoni
|
2000 — 45.21 % Uygʻurlar, 6.74 % Qozoqlar, 0.86 % Qirgʻizlar, 0.066 % Oʻzbeklar, 0.024 % Tatarlar, 0.02 % Salarlar
|
↪ Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture
|
2010 — 64.68 % Uygʻurlar, 27.32 % Qirgʻizlar
|
↪ Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
|
2015 — 26.77 % Qozoqlar, 17.45 % Uygʻurlar
|
↪ Barköl Kazakh Autonomous County
|
2000 — 34.01 % Qozoqlar, 0.16 % Uygʻurlar, 0.03 % Tatarlar
|
↪ Mori Kazakh Autonomous County
|
Qozoqlar
|
Xunhua Salar Autonomous County
|
2000 — 61.14 % Salarlar
|
Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County
|
Salarlar
|
Sunan Yugur Autonomous County
|
Sariq uygʻurlar
|
Aksay Kazakh Autonomous County
|
Qozoqlar
|
Nomi
|
Notes
|
Yil
|
Poytaxt
|
Xarita
|
Turk xoqonligi
|
Bumin tomonidan 552-yilda asos solingan.
|
552-580
|
Otukan
|
|
Gʻarbiy Turk xoqonligi
|
|
593-659
|
Nevkat and Suyob
|
|
Sharqiy Turk xoqonligi
|
|
581-630 639-650
|
Ordu Baliq
|
|
Sirtordush
|
|
628-646
|
|
|
Kangar Ittifoqi
|
|
659-750
|
Ulytau
|
|
Turk Shahi
|
|
665-850
|
Kabul
|
|
Ikkinchi Turk xoqonligi
|
Eltarish xoqon asos solgan. Undan oldin Birinchi Turk xoqonligi (552-630) va undan keyin Tan hukmronligi davri (630-682) bo'lgan.
|
682-744
|
Otukan
|
|
Turkash xoqonligi
|
Dulu Turklari tomonidan tashkil etilgan konfederatsiya. Gʻarbiy turk xoqonligi qulagandan so'ng mustaqil bo'lib, 699-yilda xoqonlikka asos soldilar. Turkash xoqonligi 766-yilda Qarluqlar tomonidan vayron qilingan.
|
699-766
|
Balasagun
|
|
Kimek–Kipchak Konfederatsiyasi
|
|
743-1220
|
Khagan-Kimek Imekia
|
|
Uygʻur hoqonligi
|
|
744-848
|
Ordu Baliq
|
|
Oghuz Yabgu Davlati
|
|
750-1055
|
Yangikent
|
|
Karluk Yabgu Davlati
|
|
756-940
|
Suyab later Balasagun
|
|
Qoraxoniylar davlati
|
|
840-1212
|
Balasagun, Kashgar, Samarkand
|
|
Yenisey qirg'iz xoqonligi
|
|
840-1207
|
|
|
Qoch qirolligi
|
|
856-1335
|
Gaochang, Beshbalik
|
|
Bijanaklar
|
|
860-1091
|
|
|
Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
|
|
894-1036
|
Zhangye
|
|
Juman-Qipchoq konfederatsiyasi[10][11]
|
|
900-1220
|
|
|
Anatolian Beyliks
|
|
11th-16th century
|
Many such as Karaman, Sinop, Adana, Alanya, Kahramanmaraş.
|
90px
|
Ahmadilis
|
|
1122-1209
|
Maragha
|
|
Eldiguziylar
|
|
ca.1135-1225
|
Nakhchivan (city) and Hamadan
|
|
Salghuriylar
|
|
1148-1282
|
Fars Province
|
|
Usmonlilar imperiyasi
|
Turk imperiyasi sifatida ham tanilgan. Usmonli imperiyasi-1299-yilda shimoli-G'arbiy Anatoliyada O'g'uz Turklari asos solgan imperiya.
|
1299-1923
|
Söğüt 1299-1335, Bursa 1335-1413, Edirne 1413-1453, Istanbul 1453-1922
|
|
Qora qoʻyunlilar davlati
|
Kara Koyunlu turkman qabila Federatsiyasi edi.
|
1375-1468
|
Tabriz
|
|
Emirate of Kasgharia
|
Qashg'ar viloyatida qisqa yashagan amirlik.
|
1865-1877
|
Kashgar
|
|
Name
|
Notes
|
Years
|
Capital
|
Xarita
|
Karamanli sulola
|
Qaramanli sulola 1711-yildan 1835-yilgacha Tripolitaniya (Tripoli va hozirgi Liviya atrofi) da hukmronlik qilgan sulola edi. Sulolaning asoschisi Pasha Ahmad Karamanli, Karamaniylar avlodidan bo'lgan
|
1711-1835
|
Tripoli
|
|
The Shatuo Turks founded several sinicized dynasties in northern China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The official language of these dynasties was Chinese and they used Chinese titles and names.
Turk-fors urf-odati boʻyicha tashkil etilgan davlatlar. Koʻplab Turk-Fors davlatlari hozirgi Sharqiy Turkiya, Eron, Iroq, Turkmaniston va Oʻzbekistonda tashkil etilgan.[18]
Nomi
|
|
Yil
|
Poytaxt
|
Xarita
|
Gʻaznaviylar imperiyasi
|
Turkiy mamlukdan kelib chiqqan keyinchalik forsiylashgan sulola.[19][20]
|
962-1186
|
Gʻazni 977-1163, Lohur 1163-1186
|
|
Saljuqiylar davlati
|
Oʻgʻuz turklarining[21][22] Qiniq qabilasi boshqargan davlat.[19][23][24][25]
|
1037-1194
|
Nishopur 1037-1043, Ray 1043-1051, Isfahon 1051-1118, Hamadon Gʻarbiy poytaxt 1118-1194, Marv Sharqiy poytaxt (1118-1153)
|
|
Rûm sultonligi
|
Forslashgan Oʻgʻuz turklari[26]
|
1077-1307
|
Iznik, Koʻniya
|
|
Xorazmshohlar imperiyasi
|
Ruled by a family of Turkic mamluk origin.[27]
|
1077-1231/1256
|
Gurganj 1077-1212, Samarqand 1212-1220, Gʻazna 1220-1221, Tabriz 1225-1231
|
|
Oq qoʻyunli
|
Oʻgʻuzlarning Bayandar urugʻidan boʻlgan qabila.[28]
|
1378-1501
|
Diyorbakir 1453-1471, Tabriz 1468 — 6-yanvar, 1478
|
|
The following list is only of vassal khanates of Turkic origin, which were ruled by of another descent peoples.
Nomi
|
Notes |
Yil |
Xarita |
Poytaxt
|
G'arbiy Trakya muvaqqat hukumati
|
G'arbiy Trakiya Respublikasi 1913 yilda G'arbiy Trakiyada tashkil etilgan qisqa muddatli kichik respublika edi. Sharqda Maritsa (Evros), g'arbda Mesta daryosi (Nestos), shimolda Rodop tog'lari va janubda Egey dengizi daryolari bilan o'ralgan hududda bo'lgan.[31]
|
1913
|
|
Komotini
|
Qrim Xalq Respublikasi
|
Qrim People Respublikasi dekabrdan mavjud 1917 yanvar 1918 Qrimda. Qrim People Respublikasi tarixida birinchi turkiy va musulmon demokratik Respublikasi edi.
|
1917-1918
|
|
Bakhchysarai
|
Idel-Ural Davlati
|
|
1917-1918
|
|
|
Alash Autonomy
|
A provisional autonomous Kazakh-Kyrgyz administration. Later integrated into Soviet Union under Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic umbrella.
|
1917-1920
|
|
Semey
|
Fayl:Republic of Aras flag.jpg Republic of Aras
|
|
1918-1919
|
|
Nakhchivan (city)
|
Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus
|
|
1918-1919
|
|
Kars
|
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
|
|
1918-1920
|
|
Ganja, Azerbaijan until Sep 1918, Baku
|
Government of the Grand National Assembly
|
Government of the Grand National Assembly, also called Ankara Government was a provisional and revolutionary Turkish government based in Ankara during the Turkish War of Independence. It was succeeded by Turkey after the Treaty of Lausanne.
|
1920-1923
|
|
Ankara
|
People's Republic of Tannu Tuva
|
|
1921-1944
|
|
Kyzyl
|
First East Turkestan Republic
|
First East Turkestan Republic was a short-lived breakaway would-be Islamic republic founded in 1933. It was centered on the city of Kashgar in what is today the People's Republic of China-administered Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.
|
1933-1934
|
|
Kashgar
|
Republic of Hatay
|
Hatay State, also known informally as the Republic of Hatay, was a transitional political entity that existed from 7-sentabr 1938-yil, to 29-iyun 1939-yil, in the territory of the Sanjak of Alexandretta of the French Mandate of Syria. The state was transformed de jure into the Hatay Province of Turkey on 7-iyul 1939-yil, de facto joining the country on 23-iyul 1939-yil.
|
1938-1939
|
|
Antokiya
|
East Turkistan Republic
|
|
1944-1949
|
|
Ghulja
|
Azerbaijan People's Government
|
Established in Iranian Azerbaijan, the APGʻs capital was the city of Tabriz. Its establishment and demise were a part of the Iran crisis, which was a precursor to the Cold War.
|
1945-1946
|
|
Tabriz
|
Turkish Cypriot General Committee[32]
|
|
1963-1967
|
|
Nicosia
|
Provisional Cypriot Turkish Administration[32]
|
|
1967-1974
|
|
Nicosia
|
Autonomous Turkish Cypriot Administration
|
|
1974-1975
|
|
Nicosia
|
Turkish Federated State of Cyprus
|
Was declared in 1975 and existing until 1983. It was not recognized by the international community. It was succeeded by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
|
1975-1983
|
|
Nicosia
|
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Demographics of Kazakhstan.
- ↑ Demographics of Kyrgyzstan
- ↑ Demographics of Turkmenistan
- ↑ Demographics of Uzbekistan
- ↑ Recognized only by Turkey and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, see Cyprus dispute.
- ↑ Gagauzia
- ↑ Der Fischer Weltalmanach 2011, Artikel „Karakalpakstan“, S. 496
- ↑ http://pop-stat.mashke.org/azerbaijan-ethnic2009.htm
- ↑ Encyclopedia of European peoples, Vol.1, Ed. Carl Waldman, Catherine Mason, (Infobase Publishing Inc., 2006), 475; „The Kipchaks were a loose tribal confederation of Turkics…“.
- ↑ Vásáry, István, Cumans and Tatars: Oriental military in the pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185-1365, (Cambridge University Press, 2005), 6; „..two Turkic confederacies, the Kipchaks and the Cumans, had merged by the twelfth century.“.
- ↑ Peter Sarris. Empires of Faith: The Fall of Rome to the Rise of Islam, 500–700, 2011 — 308 bet.
- ↑ Walsh, pp. 68-70
- ↑ Anzalone, p. 100
- ↑ Sen, Sailendra. A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books, 2013 — 72–80 bet. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ↑ Wudai Shi, ch. 75. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWudai_Shi (help) Considering the father was originally called Nieliji without a surname, the fact that his patrilineal ancestors all had Chinese names here indicates that these names were probably all created posthumously after Shi Jingtang became a „Chinese“ emperor. Shi Jingtang actually claimed to be a descendant of Chinese historical figures Shi Que and Shi Fen, and insisted that his ancestors went westwards towards non-Han Chinese area during the political chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty in the early 3rd century.
- ↑ 17,0 17,1 According to Old History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 99, and New History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 10. Liu Zhiyuan was of Shatuo origin. According to Wudai Huiyao, vol. 1 Liu Zhiyuanʼs great-great-grandfather Liu Tuan (劉湍) (titled as Emperor Mingyuan posthumously, granted the temple name of Wenzu) descended from Liu Bing (劉昞), Prince of Huaiyang, a son of Emperor Ming of Han
- ↑ Lewis, Bernard. „Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire“, p29. Published 1963, University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1060-0.
- ↑ 19,0 19,1 M.A. Amir-Moezzi, "Shahrbanu", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK (Wayback Machine saytida 2007-03-11 sanasida arxivlangan)): "… here one might bear in mind that non-Persian dynasties such as the Ghaznavids, Saljuqs and Ilkhanids were rapidly to adopt the Persian language and have their origins traced back to the ancient kings of Persia rather than to Turkish heroes or Muslim saints …"
- ↑ Muhammad Qāsim Hindū Šāh Astarābādī Firištah, "History Of The Mohamedan Power In India", Chapter I, "Sultān Mahmūd-e Ghaznavī", p.27: "… „Sabuktegin, the son of Jūkān, the son of Kuzil-Hukum, the son of Kuzil-Arslan, the son of Fīrūz, the son of Yezdijird, king of Persia. …“
- ↑ Jonathan Dewald, „Europe 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World“, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2004, p. 24
- ↑ Jackson, P. (2002). "Review: The History of the Seljuq Turkmens: The History of the Seljuq Turkmens". Journal of Islamic Studies (Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies) 13 (1): 75–76. doi:10.1093/jis/13.1.75. ISSN 0955-2340.
- ↑ K.A. Luther, „Alp Arslān“ in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK (Wayback Machine saytida 2009-01-24 sanasida arxivlangan)): "… Saljuq activity must always be viewed both in terms of the wishes of the sultan and his Khorasanian, Sunni advisors, especially Nezām-al-molk …"
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica, "Seljuq", Online Edition, (LINK): "… Because the Turkish Seljuqs had no Islamic tradition or strong literary heritage of their own, they adopted the cultural language of their Persian instructors in Islam. Literary Persian thus spread to the whole of Iran, and the Arabic language disappeared in that country except in works of religious scholarship …"
- ↑ O.Özgündenli, "Persian Manuscripts in Ottoman and Modern Turkish Libraries", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK (Wayback Machine saytida 2012-01-22 sanasida arxivlangan))
- ↑ 1.Bernard Lewis, Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire, 29; „Even when the land of Rum became politically independent, it remained a colonial extension of Turco-Persian culture which had its centers in Iran and Central Asia“, „The literature of Seljuk Anatolia was almost entirely in Persian…“.
- ↑ M. Ismail Marcinkowski, Persian Historiography and Geography: Bertold Spuler on Major Works Produced in Iran, the Caucasus, Central Asia, India and Early Ottoman Turkey, with a foreword by Professor Clifford Edmund Bosworth, member of the British Academy, Singapore: Pustaka Nasional, 2003, ISBN 9971-77-488-7.
- ↑ C.E. Bosworth and R. Bulliet, The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual , Columbia University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-231-10714-5, p. 275.
- ↑ Khodarkovsky, Russiaʼs Steppe Frontier p. 9
- ↑ Compiled after Y. Bregel, ed. (1999), Firdaws al-iqbal; History of Khorezm. Leiden: Brill.
- ↑ „Panayotis D. Cangelaris – The Western Thrace Autonomous Government "Muhtariyet" Issue (1913) Philatelic Exhibit“. Cangelaris.com. Qaraldi: 2016-yil 25-sentyabr.
- ↑ 32,0 32,1 [2] KIBRIS’TA ESKİ YÖNETİMLER
- Finkel, Caroline, „Osmanʼs Dream, History of the Ottoman Empire 1300-1923“, 2005, John Murray ISBN 0-465-02396-7
- Findley, C.V., The Turks in World History, 2005, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517726-6
- Forbes Manz, B., The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane, 2002, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-63384-2
- Hupchick, D.P., The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism, 2002, Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-6417-3
- Lewis, Bernard. „Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire“, 1963, University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1060-0.
- Saunders, J.J., The History of the Mongol Conquests, 2001, Routledge & Kegan Ltd. ISBN 978-0-8122-1766-7
- Thackston, W.M., The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor, 2002, Modern Library. ISBN 978-0-375-76137-9
- Vásáry, I., Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185-1365, 2005, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83756-9
- The role of women in the Altaic world: Permanent International Altaistic Conference, 44th meeting, Walberberg, 26–31-avgust 2001-yil, illustrated Veronika Veit: , Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2007. ISBN 3-447-05537-5. 8-fevral 2012-yilda qaraldi.
Andoza:Turkic topics