杓蘭屬
外觀
杓蘭屬![]() | |
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皇后杓蘭 (Cypripedium reginae) | |
科學分類 ![]() | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 維管束植物 Tracheophyta |
演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
演化支: | 單子葉植物 Monocots |
目: | 天門冬目 Asparagales |
科: | 蘭科 Orchidaceae |
亞科: | 杓蘭亞科 Cypripedioideae |
族: | 杓蘭族 Cypripedieae |
亞族: | 杓蘭亞族 Cypripediinae |
屬: | 杓蘭屬 Cypripedium L.,1753 |
模式種 | |
杓蘭 Cypripedium calceolus L., 1753
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異名 | |
杓蘭屬(學名:Cypripedium)是蘭科的一屬,是一類地生草本植物。莖直立,葉片通常橢圓形至卵形,有時有黑紫色斑點。花序頂生,通常具單花或少數具2-3花;花苞片通常葉狀;花朵較大;唇瓣為深囊狀,球形、橢圓形或其他形狀,一般有寬闊的囊口;有2枚側生的能育雄蕊、1枚位於上方的退化雄蕊和1個位於下方的柱頭;花葯2室,花絲很短;退化雄蕊通常為扁平狀;柱頭肥厚,表面有乳突。果實為蒴果。全屬約50種,主要產於東亞、北美、歐洲等溫帶地區和亞熱帶山地。大部分可作觀賞植物[1]。
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下屬物種
[編輯]本屬包括以下物種:
- Cypripedium acaule – Mocassin flower, Pink lady's slipper, Two-leaved lady's slipper (C. and E. Canada, NC & E USA)
- Cypripedium arietinum – Ram's-head lady's slipper (C & E Canada, NC & NE USA)
- 無苞杓蘭 Cypripedium bardolphianum – (中國)
- 杓蘭 Cypripedium calceolus – Yellow lady's slipper (歐洲至日本)
- Cypripedium calcicolum – (中國)
- Cypripedium californicum – California lady's slipper (Oregon, N. California)
- Cypripedium candidum – Small white lady slipper (SE Canada, NC & E USA)
- 白唇杓蘭 Cypripedium cordigerum – Heart-Lip lady's slipper (N Pakistan to Himalaya, S Tibet)
- Cypripedium daweishanense (S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu) S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu (2005) – (Yunnan, China South-Central)
- 對葉杓蘭 Cypripedium debile – Frail lady's slipper (Japan, Taiwan, China)
- Cypripedium dickinsonianum – (Mexico (S Chiapas) to Guatemala)
- 雅致杓蘭 Cypripedium elegans – (尼泊爾東部至中國)
- 毛瓣杓蘭 Cypripedium fargesii – (中國)
- 華西杓蘭 Cypripedium farreri – (中國)
- Cypripedium fasciculatum – Brownie lady's slipper, Clustered lady's slipper (美國西部)
- 大葉杓蘭 Cypripedium fasciolatum (中國)
- 黃花杓蘭 Cypripedium flavum – Yellow lady's slipper (SE Tibet, SC China)
- 台灣杓蘭 Cypripedium formosanum – Formosa lady's slipper (C 台灣)
- 玉龍杓蘭 Cypripedium forrestii – (中國)
- 毛杓蘭 Cypripedium franchetii – Franchet's lady's slipper (C & SC China)
- Cypripedium froschii – (中國)
- 紫點杓蘭 Cypripedium guttatum – Spotted lady's slipper (European Russia to Korea, Alaska to Yukon)
- 綠花杓蘭 Cypripedium henryi – Henry's lady's slipper (C China)
- Cypripedium x herae – (C.parviflorum x C.reginae) (Manitoba, Canada)
- 高山杓蘭 Cypripedium himalaicum – (SE Tibet to Himalaya)
- Cypripedium irapeanum – Pelican Orchid, Irapeao lady's slipper (Mexico to Honduras)
- 扇脈杓蘭 Cypripedium japonicum – Japan lady's slipper (China, Korea, Japan)
- 肯塔基杓蘭 Cypripedium kentuckiense – Kentucky lady's slipper, Southern lady's slipper (C & E USA)
- Cypripedium lentiginosum – (中國)
- 麗江杓蘭 Cypripedium lichiangense S.C.Chen & P.J.Cribb – (China (SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan), NE Myanmar)
- 波密杓蘭 Cypripedium ludlowii – (西藏東南部)
- 大花杓蘭 Cypripedium macranthos – Large-flowered lady's slipper (E Belarus to temperate E Asia)
- Cypripedium malipoense S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu – (雲南,華南)
- 斑葉杓蘭 Cypripedium margaritaceum – Pearl-white lady's slipper (China)
- 小花杓蘭 Cypripedium micranthum – (中國)
- Cypripedium molle – (Mexico)
- Cypripedium montanum – Large lady's slipper, Mountain lady's slipper, White lady's slipper, Moccasin flower (Alaska to California)
- 巴郎山杓蘭 Cypripedium palangshanense – (中國)
- Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. – (Greater) yellow lady's slipper, moccasin flower, or hairy yellow ladyslipper (Canada, E USA)
- Cypripedium passerinum – Franklyn's lady's slipper, small white Northern lady's slipper, sparrow's egg lady's slipper (Alaska to Canada, Montana)
- 離萼杓蘭 Cypripedium plectrochilum – (N Myanmar to SC China)
- 皇后杓蘭 Cypripedium reginae Walter – Large white lady's slipper, Queen's lady's slipper, showy lady's slipper (C & E Canada, E. USA)
- 寶島杓蘭 Cypripedium segawai – (EC Taiwan)
- 山西杓蘭 Cypripedium shanxiense – (中國到日本北部)
- 四川杓蘭 Cypripedium sichuanense – (中國)
- 暖地杓蘭 Cypripedium subtropicum – (西藏東南部)
- Cypripedium taibaiense – (中國)
- 西藏杓蘭 Cypripedium tibeticum – (Sikkim to C China)
- 寬口杓蘭 Cypripedium wardii Rolfe, 1913 – (中國西藏東南部)
- 烏蒙杓蘭 Cypripedium wumengense S.C.Chen, 1985 – (中國)
- Cypripedium yatabeanum Makino, 1899 – (Russian Far East to N & NC Japan, Aleutian Islands to SW Alaska)
- 雲南杓蘭 Cypripedium yunnanense – (中國西藏東南部)
- 雜交種:
- Cypripedium × alaskanum – (C. guttatum × C. yatabeanum; Alaska)
- Cypripedium × andrewsii – (C. candidum × C. parviflorum var. pubescens) (E Canada, NC & NE USA)
- Cypripedium × catherinae – (C. macranthon × C. shanxiense; Russian Far East)
- Cypripedium × columbianum – (C. montanum × C. parviflorum var. pubescens; W Canada, NW USA)
- Cypripedium × fred-mulleri Szlach., Kolan. & Górniak[2]
- Cypripedium × ventricosum – (俄羅斯到朝鮮)
- Cypripedium × wenqingiae – (C. farreri × C. tibeticum; China)
- 栽培種:
- '白多花'杓蘭 Cypripedium 'Multiflower white'
- '黃多花'杓蘭 Cypripedium 'Multiflower Yellow'
- '帕爾維'杓蘭 Cypripedium 'Parville'
- '普韋布洛'杓蘭 Cypripedium 'Pueblo'
- '白花'皇后杓蘭 Cypripedium reginae 'Album'
- '沃爾特'黃花杓蘭 Cypripedium reginae 'Walter'
- '薩賓'杓蘭 Cypripedium 'Sabine'
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ 中國植物物種數據信息庫
- ^ Dariusz L. Szlachetko, Marta Kolanowska, Fred Muller, Jay Vannini, Joanna Rojek and Marcin Górniak. 2017. First Guatemalan Record of Natural Hybridisation between Neotropical Species of the Lady’s Slipper Orchid (Orchidaceae, Cypripedioideae). PeerJ. 5:e4162. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4162
外部連結
[編輯]- Cypripedium - Infos by Mr. Frosch (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Photos of Chinese Slipper Orchids (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Cypripedium japonicum (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) Cypripedium macranthum var. hotei-atsumorianum (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) Images of Japanese Cypripedium
- Cypripedium picture database