Ifenprodil is an inhibitor of the NMDA receptor,[1] specifically of GluN1 (glycine-binding NMDA receptor subunit 1) and GluN2B (glutamate-binding NMDA receptor subunit 2) subunits.[2] Additionally, ifenprodil inhibits GIRK channels,[3] and interacts with alpha1 adrenergic, serotonin,[4] and sigma receptors.[5][6][7]
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Names | |
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IUPAC name
4-[2-(4-Benzylpiperidin-1-yl)-1-hydroxypropyl]phenol
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Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.041.341 |
KEGG | |
PubChem CID
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C21H27NO2 | |
Molar mass | 325.445 |
Pharmacology | |
C04AX28 (WHO) | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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NMDA receptors are multimeric ionotropic glutamate receptors composed of four subunits. GluN1 is obligate for functional expression. Other subunits include GluN2A, GluN2B, and the more recently discovered GluN3 subunits. Ifenprodil selectively inhibits NMDA receptors containing the GluN2B subunit.
As ifenprodil tartrate, it has been marketed in some countries, including Japan and France, as a cerebral vasodilator, under the trade names Cerocral, Dilvax, and Vadilex.[8]
Ifenprodil has been studied as a possible medication to prevent tinnitus after acoustic trauma.[9]
It is currently in phase III clinical trials to treat SARS-CoV2 infection and phase II trials for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.[10]
References
edit- ^ Reynolds IJ, Miller RJ (1989). "Ifenprodil is a novel type of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist: interaction with polyamines". Mol. Pharmacol. 36 (5): 758–65. PMID 2555674.
- ^ Korinek M, Kapras V, Vyklicky V, Adamusova E, Borovska J, Vales K, et al. (Dec 2011). "Neurosteroid modulation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors: Molecular mechanism and behavioral effects". Steroids. 76 (13): 1409–18. doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2011.09.002. PMID 21925193. S2CID 195681796.
- ^ Kobayashi T, Washiyama K, Ikeda K (3 August 2005). "Inhibition of G Protein-Activated Inwardly Rectifying K+ Channels by Ifenprodil". Neuropsychopharmacology. 31 (3): 516–524. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300844. PMID 16123769.
- ^ Mccool B, Lovinger D (June 1995). "Ifenprodil inhibition of the 5-Hydroxytryptamine3 receptor". Neuropharmacology. 34 (6): 621–629. doi:10.1016/0028-3908(95)00030-a. PMID 7566498.
- ^ Hashimoto K, London ED (12 May 1993). "Further characterization of [3H]ifenprodil binding to σ receptors in rat brain". European Journal of Pharmacology. 236 (1): 159–163. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(93)90241-9. PMID 8319742.
- ^ Hashimoto K, Mantione CR, Spada MR, Neumeyer JL, London ED (1 January 1994). "Further characterization of [3H]ifenprodil binding in rat brain". European Journal of Pharmacology: Molecular Pharmacology. 266 (1): 67–77. doi:10.1016/0922-4106(94)90211-9.
- ^ Hashimoto K, London ED (6 February 1995). "Interactions of erythro-ifenprodil, threo-ifenprodil, erythro-iodoifenprodil, and eliprodil with subtypes of σ receptors". European Journal of Pharmacology. 273 (3): 307–310. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(94)00763-w. PMID 7737340.
- ^ The Merck Index (Thirteenth ed.). Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Research Laboratories Division of Merck & Co., Inc. 2001. p. 878.
- ^ Guitton MJ, Dudai Y (2007). "Blockade of Cochlear NMDA Receptors Prevents Long-Term Tinnitus during a Brief Consolidation Window after Acoustic Trauma". Neural Plasticity. 2007. Hindawi Limited: 1–11. doi:10.1155/2007/80904. ISSN 2090-5904. PMC 2246076. PMID 18301716.
- ^ "Ifenprodil - Algernon Pharmaceuticals - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com. Retrieved March 25, 2021.