1985 in spaceflight
Appearance
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National firsts | |
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Space traveller | ![]() ![]() |
Rockets | |
Maiden flights | Space Shuttle Atlantis M-3SII |
Crewed flights | |
Orbital | 11 |
Total travellers | 63 |
The following is an outline of 1985 in spaceflight.
First Atlantis flight
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Launches
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Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | |||
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Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) |
Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | ||
Remarks | |||||||
January[edit] | |||||||
24 January 19:50 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Satellite deployment | 27 January 21:23 |
Successful | ||
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NRO | Geosynchronous | ELINT | In orbit | Successful | ||
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts | |||||||
February[edit] | |||||||
8 February 06:10 |
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US Air force | Molniya | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
8 February 23:22 |
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Arabsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
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Embratel | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
Arabsat 1A failed in March 1992 | |||||||
March[edit] | |||||||
13 March 02:00 |
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US Navy | Sun-synchronous | Earth observation | In orbit | Successful | ||
Mission ended in January 1990 | |||||||
22 March 23:55 |
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Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
April[edit] | |||||||
12 April 13:59 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Satellite deployment | 19 April 13:54 |
Successful | ||
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Telesat Canada | Current: Graveyard Operational: Geosynchronous |
Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
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US Navy | Current: Graveyard Operational: Geosynchronous |
Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first sitting member of the United States Congress to fly in space (Senator Jake Garn). Anik C1 was retired on 5 May 2003. Leasat 3 failed to maneuver to geosynchronous orbit and was re-captured by mission STS-51-I in August, repaired and subsequently maneuvered to geosynchronous orbit. Discovery suffered extensive brake and tyre damage upon landing at Kennedy Space Center. | |||||||
29 April 16:02 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Microgravity research | 6 May 16:11 |
Successful | ||
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NASA/ESRO | Low Earth (Challenger) | Microgravity research | Successful | |||
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Intended: Low Earth | Getaway Special | Deployment failure | ||||
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Low Earth | Getaway Special | 15 December | Successful | |||
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts; GLOMAR failed to deploy from its GAS canister | |||||||
May[edit] | |||||||
8 May 01:15 |
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GTE Spacenet | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
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France Télécom | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
June[edit] | |||||||
6 June 06:39 |
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Low Earth (Salyut 7) | Salyut 7 EO-4 | 26 September 09:51 |
Successful | |||
Crewed orbital flight with two cosmonauts | |||||||
17 June 11:33 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Satellite deployment | 24 June 13:11 |
Successful | ||
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Morelos | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
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Arabsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
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AT&T | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
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NASA | Low Earth | Astronomy | 24 June 13:11 |
Successful | ||
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first Saudi Arabian space traveller and member of royalty to fly in space (Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud) Arabsat 1B retired in 1993. | |||||||
21 June 00:39 |
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Low Earth (Salyut 7) | Logistics | 15 July 22:33 |
Successful | |||
30 June 00:44 |
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Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
July[edit] | |||||||
2 July 11:23 |
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ESA | Heliocentric | Flyby of Halley's Comet | In orbit | Successful | ||
Closest approach of Halley's Comet (596 kilometres (370 mi)) achieved on 13 March 1986 Closest approach of 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup (200 kilometres (120 mi)) achieved on 10 July 1992 | |||||||
19 July 13:05 |
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Low Earth (Salyut 7) | Logistics | 30 August 01:20 |
Successful | |||
29 July 21:00 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Astronomical experiments | 6 August 19:45 |
Successful | ||
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NASA | Low Earth | Plasma research | Successful | |||
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NASA/ESRO | Low Earth (Challenger) | Astronomy | Successful | |||
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts; A main engine shut-down during ascent caused an Abort to Orbit, the first (and only) abort of the Space Shuttle program. | |||||||
August[edit] | |||||||
27 August 10:58 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Satellite deployment and repair | 3 September 13:15 |
Successful | ||
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Aussat Pty Ltd | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
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ASC | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
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US Navy | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Spacecraft failure | ||
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts Leasat 4 failed in orbit after becoming operational for a short period Retrieved Leasat 3, deployed by STS-51-D in April and repaired the malfunctioning perigee motor to allow the satellite to reach geosynchronous orbit. | |||||||
28 August 21:20 |
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NRO | Intended: Sun-synchronous | Reconnaissance | 28 August | Launch Failure | ||
First stage propellant feed malfunction | |||||||
September[edit] | |||||||
12 September 23:26 |
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Eutelsat | Intended: Geosynchronous | Communications | 12 September | Launch Failure | ||
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Spacenet | Intended: Geosynchronous | Communications | ||||
Third stage failed to ignite | |||||||
13 September | ![]() |
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US Air Force | Suborbital | Anti-satellite weapon | 13 September | Successful | |||
Successful intercept and destruction of Solwind P78-1. | |||||||
17 September 12:38 |
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Low Earth (Salyut 7) | Salyut 7 EP-5 | 21 November 10:31 |
Successful | |||
Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts | |||||||
27 September 08:41 |
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Low Earth (Salyut 7) | Logistics | 7 February 1991 | Successful | |||
TKS-4; remained docked with Salyut 7 through that station's re-entry | |||||||
28 September 23:17 |
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Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
October[edit] | |||||||
3 October 15:15 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Satellite deployment | 7 October 17:00 |
Successful | ||
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US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
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US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts; Maiden flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis | |||||||
9 October 02:53 |
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US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful | ||
30 October 17:00 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Microgravity research | 6 November 17:44 |
Successful | ||
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NASA | Low Earth (Challenger) | Spacelab D1 | Successful | |||
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DLR | Low Earth | Getaway Special | 26 December 1986 | Successful | ||
Crewed orbital flight with eight astronauts Maiden flight of Spacelab Long Module #2 | |||||||
November[edit] | |||||||
27 November 00:29 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Satellite deployment | 2 December 21:33 |
Successful | ||
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Morelos | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
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Aussat Pty Ltd | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
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RCA Americom | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | ||
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NASA | Low Earth | 2 March 1987 | Successful | |||
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NASA | Low Earth (Atlantis) | Structure assembly experiment | 2 December 21:33 |
Successful | ||
Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first Mexican space traveller. |
Deep Space Rendezvous
[edit]Date (GMT) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
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11 June | Vega 1 | delivered lander and balloon on Venus | |
15 June | Vega 2 | delivered lander and balloon on Venus | |
11 September | ISEE-3/ICE | Flyby of 21P/Giacobini-Zinner |
EVAs
[edit]Start Date/Time | Duration | End Time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
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16 April | 3 hours 6 minutes |
STS-51-D Discovery |
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Installed an improvised switch-pulling tool, called the Flyswatter, on the RMS robotic arm. The Flyswatter was used in an effort to push the sequencer start lever on the Leasat-3 in the proper position for deployment.[4] This attempted repair was the first unplanned spacewalk in NASA history.[5] | |
2 August 07:15 |
5 hours | 12:15 | Salyut 7 EO-4 | ![]() ![]() |
Installed a third pair of solar arrays on exterior of Salyut 7. |
31 August | 7 hours 20 minutes |
STS-51-I Discovery |
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Van Hoften rode the RMS to capture the Leasat 3 satellite and pulled it into payload bay. Fisher and Van Hoften secured and started repairs on the satellite in the payload bay. The retrieval was complicated by a malfunction of the RMS that made operation of the arm more complicated.[6] | |
1 September | 4 hours 26 minutes |
STS-51-I Discovery |
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Completed repairs on the Leasat 3 satellite. Then Van Hoften, riding the RMS, heaved the satellite out of the payload bay, imparting the required spin needed to fire the perigee motor.[6] | |
29 November | 5 hours 32 minutes |
STS-61-B Atlantis |
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Practiced construction techniques in the payload bay and assembled and disassembled the two experimental EASE/ACCESS structures.[7] | |
1 December | 6 hours 41 minutes |
STS-61-B Atlantis |
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Conducted supplementary experiments on the EASE and ACCESS structures, including a test of the RMS to aid in the construction experiments.[7] |
References
[edit]- Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
- Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
- Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link]
- Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
- Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
- Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
- Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
- Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
- Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
- "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
- "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
- "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[dead link]
- "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link]
- "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
Footnotes
[edit]- ^ "Space Shuttle Overview: Atlantis (OV-104)". NASA. 2007. Archived from the original on 3 September 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2007.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Justin Ray (11 May 2010). "Respecting Atlantis as the shuttle faces retirement". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
- ^ Peter W. Merlin (20 May 2010). "Space Shuttle Atlantis Wraps Up 25-year Career". NASA. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2010.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "Space Shuttle Mission Archives". NASA. 2007. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
- ^ Becker, Joachim; Janssen, Heinz Hermann (2009). "Human Spaceflights - STS-51D". Space Facts. Archived from the original on 29 July 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
- ^ a b "Space Shuttle Flight 20 (STS-51A)". Space Shuttle Video Library. National Space Society. July 2008. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
- ^ a b Rumerman, Judith; Gamble, Chris; Okolski, Gabriel (2007). "Human Spaceflight" (PDF). NASA History Division. p. 45. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2009.