HMS Arbutus (K86)
![]() HMS Arbutus
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History | |
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Name | HMS Arbutus |
Namesake | Arbutus |
Builder | Blyth Shipbuilding & Drydock Co. Ltd |
Laid down | 30 November 1939 |
Launched | 5 June 1940 |
Commissioned | 12 October 1940 |
Identification | Pennant number: K86 |
Fate | Torpedoed and sunk, 5 February 1942 |
General characteristics [1][2] | |
Class and type | Flower-class corvette |
Displacement | 925 long tons (940 t) |
Length | 205 ft (62 m) |
Beam | 33 ft (10 m) |
Draught | 13.5 ft (4.1 m) |
Installed power | 2,750 ihp (2,050 kW) |
Propulsion |
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Speed | 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph) |
Range | 3,500 nmi (6,500 km; 4,000 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) |
Complement | 85 |
Armament |
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HMS Arbutus was a Flower-class corvette of the Royal Navy, which was active during the Second World War. She was a successful escort vessel, and took part in the destruction of two U-boats during the Battle of the Atlantic. Arbutus was torpedoed by a U-boat and sunk in the North Atlantic in February 1942 while aiding an under-attack convoy.
Construction
[edit]Arbutus was placed on order in July 1939, one of the first 26 "Flowers" of the pre-war building programme. She was laid down at the Blyth Shipbuilding Company, at Blyth, Northumberland, on 30 November 1939. She was launched on 5 June 1940 and completed 12 October 1940.[3] She commissioned on the same day under the command of Lt. Cdr. H Lloyd Williams, RNVR,[4] one of the earliest Volunteer Reserve command appointments.
World War II service
[edit]After trials and working up Arbutus joined Western Approaches Command and was assigned to 6 Escort Group, led by JM Rowland in HMS Wolverine for convoy escort duties. In this role she was engaged in all the duties performed by escort ships; protecting convoys, searching for and attacking U-boats, and rescuing survivors. Over the next 14 months Arbutus escorted 26 convoys on the Atlantic routes,[5][6] helping to bring over 750 ships to safety, though a number were lost in various incidents. She was involved in two convoy battles, and helped destroy two U-boats.
In March 1941, Arbutus, with 6 EG, escorted convoy OB 293 when it came under attack by a force of U-boats. The escort group mounted a vigorous and aggressive defence, resulting in the destruction of two U-boats and damage to a third, for the loss of two ships sunk and three damaged. During the two-night action, on 7 March 1941, Arbutus and Camellia found and attacked U-70; she was depth-charged and brought to the surface, where she was abandoned and sank.[7]
In April 1941 6EG went to the aid of convoy SC 26 which was under attack. On 5 April Arbutus, with Wolverine and Scarborough, found and attacked U-76, which was brought to the surface and abandoned. As she surfaced Arbutus was closing in order to ram her; when he saw she was being abandoned Arbutus' then commander, Lt. ALW Warren, changed plans and attempted to capture the submarine before it sank. U-76 was boarded by several members of the corvette's crew, and efforts were made to secure and search the boat while Arbutus made fast to the U-boat with hawsers. However, U-76 was sinking too fast, and the capture failed. This was the first such instance of a U-boat boarding and acquisition in World War II, though it was unsuccessful;[8] the exploit was repeated the following month when U-110 was captured by ships of 3 Escort Group.
Fate
[edit]On 5 February 1942 Arbutus was escorting convoy ON 63 when it was detected by U-136. The U-boat sent a sighting report and commenced shadowing, but the transmission was DFed and escorts Chelsea and Arbutus ran down the bearing to attack. The U-boat commander, K/L H Zimmerman, responded aggressively, counter-attacking and torpedoing Arbutus as she approached. The corvette broke in half and sank, with the loss of half her crew.[9] 43 men, including her commander, were lost.[10] U-136 was subsequently depth-charged by Chelsea, damaged and forced to abandon her pursuit, saving ON 63 from further harm.[9]
Successes
[edit]During her service Arbutus was credited with sharing in the destruction of two U-boats:
Date | U-boat | Type | Location | Notes |
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7 March 1941 | U-70 | VIIC | N Atlantic, N of Rockall 60°15′N 14°00′W / 60.250°N 14.000°W |
Rammed by Mijdrecht, D/C by Arbutus, Camellia; forced to surface, abandoned, sunk[11][12] |
5 April 1941 | U-76 | VIIB | N Atlantic, S of Iceland 58°35′N 20°20′W / 58.583°N 20.333°W |
D/C by Wolverine, Scarborough, boarded by Arbutus; sank due to damage received[13][14] |
Notes
[edit]- ^ Conway p62
- ^ Elliot p84
- ^ Elliot, p. 85
- ^ Arbutus at uboat.net
- ^ A Hague: convoyweb.org.uk
- ^ G Mason: navalhistory.net
- ^ Blair pp. 249–251
- ^ Blair pp. 265–266
- ^ a b Blair p. 550
- ^ loss of Arbutus at uboat.net
- ^ Kemp, p. 68
- ^ Neistle, p. 43
- ^ Kemp, p. 69
- ^ Neistle, p. 40
References
[edit]- Blair, Clay (1996). Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters 1939-1942. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-35260-8.
- Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger, eds. (1980). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-146-7.
- Elliott, Peter (1977). Allied Escort Ships of World War II: A complete survey. London: Macdonald and Jane's. ISBN 0-356-08401-9.
- Arnold Hague: The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945 (2000). ISBN (Canada) 1 55125 033 0 . ISBN (UK) 1 86176 147 3
- Kemp, Paul (1997). U-Boats Destroyed, German submarine losses in the World Wars. Arms and Armour. ISBN 1-85409-515-3.
- Niestle, Axel (1998). German U-Boat Losses During World War II. Greenhill. ISBN 1-85367-352-8.