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Meteorite fall statistics

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Meteorite fall statistics are frequently used by planetary scientists to approximate the true flux of meteorites on Earth. Meteorite falls are those meteorites that are collected soon after being witnessed to fall, whereas meteorite finds are discovered at a later time. Although there are 30 times as much finds than falls, their raw distribution of types does not accurately reflect what falls to Earth. The reasons for this include the following:

  • Some meteorite types are easier to find than others.
  • Some meteorite types are degraded by weathering more quickly than others.[1]
  • Some meteorites, especially iron meteorites, may have been collected by people in the past who recognized them as being unusual and/or useful, thereby removing them from the scientific record.
  • Many meteorites fall as showers of many stones, but when they are collected long after the event it may be difficult to tell which ones were part of the same fall.
  • Many meteorites are found by people who sell meteorites... valuable, rare types become known to science quickly, while those of low value may never be described.

There have been many attempts to correct statistical analyses of meteorite finds for some of these effects, especially to estimate the frequency with which rare meteorite types fall. For example, there are over 100 known lunar meteorite finds, but none has ever been observed to fall. However, for abundant types, meteorite fall statistics are generally preferred.

These statistics are current through June 9, 2012.

Statistics by material

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For most meteorite falls, even those that occurred long ago or for which material has never received complete scientific characterization, it is known whether the object was a stone, stony iron, or iron meteorite. Here are the numbers and percentages of each type, based on literature data.[2][3][4]

Material Number %
Iron meteorites 49 2%[5]
Stony-iron meteorites 11 1.0%
Stony meteorites 1042 94.6%
Total 1102 100.0%

Statistics by major category

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The traditional way of subdividing meteorites (see Meteorites classification) is into irons, stony-irons, and two major groups of stony meteorites, chondrites and achondrites. For some of the less-studied stony meteorite falls, it is not known whether the object is chondritic; thus the number of meteorites that can be so grouped is 4% lower than shown above. These numbers are shown in the next table. One could make a slight correction for the undercounting of stony meteorites (e.g., the percentage of irons would decrease by a 0.2%), but this was not done.

Category Number %
Irons 49 4.6%
Stony irons 11 1.0%
Achondrites 86 8.2%
Chondrites 915 86.2%
Total 1062 100.0%

Statistics by meteorite group

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Probably the most useful statistical breakdown of meteorite falls is by group, which is the fundamental way that meteorites are classified. About 5% of the meteorites in the table just above have not been sufficiently classified to allow them to be put into such groups. Again, a small adjustment could be made to the percentages to correct for this effect, but it does not greatly change the results. Note that a number of meteorite groups are only represented by a small number of falls; the percentages of falls belonging to these groups have a large uncertainty.

Group N %
Iron meteorites
IAB complex 10 1.0%
IC 0 0.0%
IIAB 6 0.6%
IIC 0 0.0%
IID 3 0.3%
IIE 2 0.2%
IIF 1 0.1%
IIG 0 0.0%
IIIAB 11 1.1%
IIIE 0 0.0%
IIIF 0 0.0%
IVA 4 0.4%
IVB 0 0.0%
Ungrouped 4 0.4%
Stony Iron meteorites
Mesosiderite 7 0.7%
Pallasite 4 0.4%
Group N %
Achondrites
Acapulcoite 1 0.1%
Lodranite 1 0.1%
Angrite 1 0.1%
Aubrite 9 0.9%
Diogenite 11 1.2%
Eucrite 34 3.4%
Howardite 16 1.6%
Brachinite 0 0.0%
Ureilite 6 0.6%
Winonaite 1 0.1%
Ungrouped 2 0.2%
Lunar 0 0.0%
Martian 5 0.5%
Group N % Class total
Chondrites
CB 1 0.1% Carbonaceous:
4.4%
CH 0 0.0%
CI 5 0.5%
CK 2 0.2%
CM 15 1.5%
CO 6 0.6%
CR 2 0.2%
CV 7 0.7%
C ungrouped 6 0.6%
EH 8 0.8% Enstatite:
1.6%
EL 8 0.8%
H 339 33.8% Ordinary:
80.0%
H/L 1 0.1%
L 371 37.0%
L/LL 9 0.9%
LL 82 8.2%
R 1 0.1% Other:
0.2%
K 1 0.1%
Grand Total: 1003 meteorites

Statistics by country

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Country N
 Afghanistan 2
 Algeria 7
 Angola 3
 Argentina 24
 Armenia 2
 Australia 16
 Austria 4
 Azerbaijan 2
 Bangladesh 8
 Belarus 3
 Belgium 3
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1
 Brazil 22
 Bulgaria 6
 Burkina Faso 8
 Burma 3
 Cambodia 2
 Cameroon 3
 Canada 16
 Central African Republic 1
 Chad 1
 Chile 1
 People's Republic of China 58
 Colombia 1
 Costa Rica 1
 Croatia 4
 Czech Republic 15
Country N
 DR Congo 5
 Denmark 4
 Ecuador 1
 Egypt 2
 Estonia 3
 Ethiopia 5
 Finland 5
 France 63
 Germany 32
 Ghana 1
 Greece 1
 Hungary 6
 India 127
 Indonesia 16
 Iran 2
 Iraq 2
 Ireland 6
 Italy 31
 Japan 42
 Jordan 1
 Kazakhstan 6
 Kenya 4
 Latvia 4
 Lebanon 1
 Lesotho 1
 Libya 1
 Lithuania 4
 Madagascar 1
Country N
 Malawi 5
 Mali 2
 Mauritania 3
 Mauritius 1
 Mexico 19
 Mongolia 4
 Morocco 6
 Namibia 2
 Netherlands 4
 New Caledonia 1
 New Zealand 1
 Niger 9
 Nigeria 14
 Norway 9
 Pakistan 15
 Papua New Guinea 2
 Paraguay 1
 Peru 1
 Philippines 4
 Poland 11
 Portugal 6
 Romania 7
 Russia 47
 Rwanda 1
 Saudi Arabia 4
 Serbia 4
 Slovakia 3
Country N
 Slovenia 5
 Somalia 2
 South Africa 21
 South Korea 3
 South Sudan 3
 Spain 23
 Sri Lanka 1
 Sudan 7
 Swaziland 1
 Sweden 9
  Switzerland 4
 Syria 1
 Tanzania 8
 Thailand 3
 Tunisia 5
 Turkey 12
 Turkmenistan 2
 Uganda 5
 Ukraine 32
 United Kingdom 18
 United States 146
 Uzbekistan 2
 Venezuela 2
 Vietnam 3
Western Sahara[a] 3
 Yemen 2
 Zambia 1
 Zimbabwe 2
Grand Total: 1106 meteorites

Statistics by continent and time

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Epoch Europe Asia North
America
Africa South
America
Oceania Total
Pre-1400 1 1 2
1400s 4 4
1500s 2 2
1600s 9 3 12
1700s 25 3 28
1800–1820 31 7 3 1 42
1821–1840 26 11 9 1 1 48
1841–1860 42 15 12 1 70
1861–1880 47 36 14 6 4 1 108
1881–1900 36 27 20 7 2 92
1901–1920 27 55 21 10 4 2 119
1921–1940 38 55 32 17 14 5 161
1941–1960 27 27 18 31 12 3 118
1961–1980 19 42 22 29 8 3 123
1981–2000 12 49 19 24 4 2 110
2001- 11 15 12 16 7 2 63
Total 357 346 121 144 53 20 1102

Notes

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  1. ^ Western Sahara is not a country. It is a disputed territory in the Maghreb region of North Africa, partially controlled by the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and partially Moroccan-occupied.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Gritsevich, Maria; Moilanen, Jarmo; Visuri, Jaakko; Meier, Matthias M. M.; Maden, Colin; Oberst, Jürgen; Heinlein, Dieter; Flohrer, Joachim; Castro-Tirado, Alberto J.; Delgado-García, Jorge; Koeberl, Christian; Ferrière, Ludovic; Brandstätter, Franz; Povinec, Pavel P.; Sýkora, Ivan; Schweidler, Florian (2024). "The fireball of November 24, 1970, as the most probable source of the Ischgl meteorite". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 59 (7): 1658–1691. arXiv:2404.11989. Bibcode:2024M&PS...59.1658G. doi:10.1111/maps.14173.
  2. ^ "Meteoritical Bulletin Database". Lunar and Planetary Institute. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
  3. ^ The NHM Catalogue of Meteorites
  4. ^ MetBase
  5. ^ Kyrylenko, Ihor; Golubov, Oleksiy; Slyusarev, Ivan; Visuri, Jaakko; Gritsevich, Maria; Krugly, Yurij N.; Belskaya, Irina; Shevchenko, Vasilij G. (2023). "The First Instrumentally Documented Fall of an Iron Meteorite: Orbit and Possible Origin". The Astrophysical Journal. 953 (1): 20. Bibcode:2023ApJ...953...20K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acdc21.