Petalite
Petalite | |
---|---|
![]() Petalite from Minas Gerais State, Brazil (size: 3x4 cm) | |
General | |
Category | Tektosilicate |
Formula (repeating unit) | LiAlSi4O10 |
IMA symbol | Ptl[1] |
Strunz classification | 9.EF.05 |
Crystal system | Monoclinic |
Crystal class | Prismatic (2/m) (same H-M symbol) |
Space group | P2/a |
Unit cell | a = 11.737 Å, b = 5.171 Å, c = 7.63 Å; β = 112.54°; Z = 2 |
Identification | |
Color | Colorless, grey, yellow, pink, to white |
Crystal habit | Tabular prismatic crystals and columnar masses |
Twinning | Common on {001}, lamellar |
Cleavage | Perfect on {001}, poor on {201} with 38.5° angle between the two |
Fracture | Subconchoidal |
Tenacity | Brittle |
Mohs scale hardness | 6–6.5 |
Luster | Vitreous, pearly on cleavages |
Streak | Colorless |
Diaphaneity | Transparent to translucent |
Specific gravity | 2.4 |
Optical properties | Biaxial (+) |
Refractive index | nα = 1.504, nβ = 1.510, nγ = 1.516 |
Birefringence | δ = 0.012 |
2V angle | 82–84° measured |
Melting point | 1350 °C[2] |
Fusibility | 5 |
Solubility | Insoluble |
References | [3][4][5][6] |
Petalite, also known as castorite, is a lithium aluminum tektosilicate mineral LiAlSi4O10, crystallizing in the monoclinic system. Petalite occurs as colorless, pink, grey, yellow, yellow grey, to white tabular crystals and columnar masses. It occurs in lithium-bearing pegmatites with spodumene, lepidolite, and tourmaline. Petalite is an important ore of lithium, and is converted to spodumene and quartz by heating to ~500 °C and under 3 kbar of pressure in the presence of a dense hydrous alkali borosilicate fluid with a minor carbonate component.[7] Petalite (and secondary spodumene formed from it) is lower in iron than primary spodumene, making it a more useful source of lithium in, e.g., the production of glass. The colorless varieties are often used as gemstones. [citation needed]
Discovery and occurrence
[edit]![](http://178.128.105.246/content-http-upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Petalite-mun05-92b.jpg/170px-Petalite-mun05-92b.jpg)
Petalite was discovered in 1800, by Brazilian naturalist and statesman Jose Bonifacio de Andrada e Silva. Type locality: Utö Island, Haninge, Stockholm, Sweden. The name is derived from the Greek word petalon, which means leaf, alluding to its perfect cleavage.[5][8][9]
Economic deposits of petalite are found near Kalgoorlie, Western Australia; Aracuai, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Karibib, Namibia; Manitoba, Canada; and Bikita, Zimbabwe.
The first important economic application for petalite was as a raw material for the glass-ceramic cooking ware CorningWare.[citation needed] It has been used as a raw material for ceramic glazes.
References
[edit]- ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
- ^ "Petalite". Digital Fire. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
- ^ Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (2005). "Petalite" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineral Data Publishing. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
- ^ Webmineral
- ^ a b Petalite, Mindat.org
- ^ *Hurlbut, Cornelius S. and Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, Wiley, 20th ed., pp. 459–460 ISBN 0-471-80580-7
- ^ Deer, W. A. (2004). Framework silicates: silica minerals, feldspathoids and the zeolites (2. ed.). London: Geological Soc. p. 296. ISBN 978-1-86239-144-4.
- ^ D'Andraba (1800). "Des caractères et des propriétés de plusieurs nouveaux minérauxde Suède et de Norwège , avec quelques observations chimiques faites sur ces substances". Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle, et des Arts. 51: 239.
- ^ Sowerby, James (1811). Exotic mineralogy: Or, Coloured figures of foreign minerals: As a supplement to British mineralogy.
External links
[edit]Media related to Petalite at Wikimedia Commons
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). 1911. .