Penrhyn language
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(Redirected from Tongareva language)
Northern Cook Islands Māori dialect
Penrhyn | |
---|---|
Mangarongaro, Penrhynese, Tongareva | |
tongareva | |
Native to | Cook Islands |
Region | Penrhyn Island, Northern Cook Islands |
Native speakers | 200 (2011 census)[1] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | pnh |
Glottolog | penr1237 |
ELP | Penrhyn |
![]() Penrhyn is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger |
The Penrhyn language is a Cook Islands Maori dialectal variant[2] belonging to the Polynesian language family. It is spoken by about 200 people on Penrhyn Island and other islands in the Northern Cook Islands.[3] It is considered to be an endangered language as many of its users are shifting to Cook Islands Māori and English.
Phonology
[edit]Main article: Cook Islands Maori § Writing system and pronunciation
Alphabet
[edit]The alphabet used in the Penrhyn Dictionary has 21 letters: ⟨a, ā, e, ē, f, h, i, ī, k, m, n, ng, o, ō, p, r, s, t, u, ū, v⟩[4]
Long vowels are written with a macron.
Consonants
[edit]Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ŋ ⟨ng⟩ | |
Stop | p | t | k | |
Fricative | (f)[a] v | s | h | |
Liquid | l ⟨r⟩ |
- ^ [f] is present in loanwords from languages like Rakahanga-Manihiki and Tahitian.
Tongareva is one of the few Cook Islands languages without a glottal stop [ʔ]. There is allophonic voicing of stops present.[4]
Grammar
[edit]Main article: Cook Islands Maori § Grammar
References
[edit]- ^ Penrhyn at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Te Reo Maori Act 2003 – via www.paclii.org
- ^ "Penrhyn". Ethnologue. Retrieved 7 March 2013.
- ^ a b "About - Penrhyn Dictionary". Dictionary of Cook Islands Languages.
Further reading
[edit]- Shibata, Norio, ed. (2003). Penrhyn-English Dictionary. ELPR Publications Series. Vol. A1-005. Kyoto: Nakanishi. OCLC 249683569.
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