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Lanthanum

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Lanthanum, 57La
Lanthanum
lantanum·
Pabaosan/ˈlænθənəm/ (LAN-thə-nəm)
Cingakanpetak kapérakan
Bobot atom standar Ar, std(La)138.90547(7)[1]
Lanthanum ring tabél périodik
Hidrogén Hélium
Litium Bérilium Boron Karbon Nitrogén Oksigén Fluorin Néon
Natrium Magnésium Aluminium Silikon Phosfor Urirang Klorin Argon
Potasium Kalsium Skandium Titanium Vanadium Kromium Mangan (datu) Wesi Kobalt Nikel Temaga Séng Gallium Gérmanium Arsenik Sélénium Brom Kripton
Rubidium Strontium Ittrium Zirkonium Niobium Molibdénum Téknésium Ruthénium Rhodium Palladium Pérak Kadmium Indium Timah Antimoni Téllurium Yodium Xénon
Sésium Barium Lanthanum Sérium Praséodimium Néodimium Prométhium Samarium Éuropium Gadolinium Terbium Disprosium Holmium Érbium Thulium Itterbium Lutésium Hafnium Tantalum Tungstén Rhénium Osmium Iridium Platinum Mas Rasa (datu) Thallium Timbal Bismuth Polonium Astatin Radon
Fransium Radium Aktinium Thorium Protaktinium Uranium Néptunium Plutonium Amérisium Curium Berkélium Kalifornium Éinsteinium Fermium Méndelevium Nobélium Lawrénsium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnérium Darmstadtium Roéntgénium Kopernikium Nihonium Flérovium Moskovium Livermorium Ténnessin Oganésson


La

Ac
bariumlanthanumsérium
Wilangan atom (Z)57
Watekn/a
Périodepériode 6
Blok  blok-f
Konpigurasi éléktron[] 5d1 6s2
Éléktron per kulit2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2
Cecirén pisik
Pase ring STPpadet
Titik lebur1193 K ​(920 °C, ​1688 °F)
Titik didih3737 K ​(3464 °C, ​6267 °F)
Kapadetan (nampek s.r.)6.162 g/cm3
ri kala éncéh (ring t.l.)5.94 g/cm3
Panes fusi6.20 kJ/mol
Panes panguapan400 kJ/mol
Kapasitas panes molar27.11 J/(mol·K)
Tekanan uap (ékstrapolasi)
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 2005 2208 2458 2772 3178 3726
Cecirén atom
Paindikan oksidasi0,[2] +1,[3] +2, +3 (oksida basa kuat)
Kaéléktronégatipanskala Pauling: 1.10
Wasa ionisasi
  • ka-1: 538.1 kJ/mol
  • ka-2: 1067 kJ/mol
  • ka-3: 1850.3 kJ/mol
Jeriji atomémpiris: 187 pm
Jeriji kovalén207±8 pm
Garis warna ring pentang spéktrum
Garis spéktral saking lanthanum
Cecirén liyanan
Rupa alamiprimordial
Struktur kristalsusunan padat heksagon ganda (dhcp)
Double hexagonal close packed crystal structure for lanthanum
Kagelisan swara pales tipis2475 m/s (ring 20 °C)
Ékspansi térmalα, poly: 12.1 µm/(m⋅K) (ring s.r.)
Konduktivitas térmal13.4 W/(m⋅K)
Resistivitas listrikα, poly: 615 nΩ⋅m (ring s.r.)
bacakan magnétikparamagnétik[4]
Karentanan magnétik molar+118.0×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[5]
Modulus Youngrupa α: 36.6 GPa
Modulus Shearrupa α: 14.3 GPa
Modulus Bulkrupa α: 27.9 GPa
Rasio Poissonrupa α: 0.280
Kakatosan Mohs2.5
Kakatosan Vickers360–1750 MPa
Kakatosan Brinell350–400 MPa
Nomor CAS7439-91-0
Lelintihan
PanemuanCarl Gustaf Mosander (1838)
Isotop utama lanthanum
Iso­top Kalimpahan Paruh-idup (t1/2) Mode paluruhan Pro­duk
137La syn 6×104 y ε 137Ba
138La 0.089% 1.05×1011 y ε 138Ba
β 138
139La 99.911% tegteg
Kategori:Lanthanum
| pustaka

Lanthanum silih tunggil datu kimia antuk simbol La miwah wilangan atom 57. Punika logam bélék, ulet, putih masawang pérak sané mamudar ri kala keni udara. Punika éponim saking dérét lantanida, seka datu 15 sarupa riantara lanthanum miwah lutétium ring tabél périodik], lanthanum pinaka kapartama miwah prototipe. Lantanum sacara tradisional kapeték ri antara datu tanah langka. Ketah nyané paindikan oksidasi punika +3. Lantanum nénten mawiguna biologis ring manusa menawi penting antuk makudang baktéri. Nénten nubain antuk manusa menawi ngenahang makudang aktivitas antimikroba.

Cutetan

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Pustaka

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  1. Méija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
  3. La(I), Pr(I), Tb(I), Tm(I), and Yb(I) have been observed in MB8 clusters; see Li, Wan-Lu; Chen, Teng-Teng; Chen, Wei-Jia; Li, Jun; Wang, Lai-Sheng (2021). "Monovalent lanthanide(I) in borozene complexes". Nature Communications. 12: 6467. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9.
  4. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (édisi ka-86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  5. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Suratan

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Wacénan lantur

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  • The Industrial Chemistry of the Lanthanons, Yttrium, Thorium and Uranium, by R. J. Callow, Pergamon Press, 1967
  • Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths, by C. K. Gupta and N. Krishnamurthy, CRC Press, 2005
  • Nouveau Traite de Chimie Minerale, Vol. VII. Scandium, Yttrium, Elements des Terres Rares, Actinium, P. Pascal, Editor, Masson & Cie, 1959
  • Chemistry of the Lanthanons, by R. C. Vickery, Butterworths 1953