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Clockwise from top-left: Royal Air Force C-130 airdropping food during the Ethiopian famine; reductions of up to 70 percent in the ozone column observed in the austral (southern hemispheric) spring over Antarctica; Nevado del Ruiz erupts, killing 23,000 people; an earthquake in Mexico City killed 45,000 people; Air India Flight 182 seen less than two weeks before the bombing; the Nintendo Entertainment System is released in U.S. stores revitalizing the North American video game industry; a memorial plaque dedicated to the victims of the Heysel Stadium disaster; the Live Aid concert is held in order to fund relief efforts for the famine in Ethiopia during the time Mengistu Haile Mariam ruled the country.
Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1985 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1985
MCMLXXXV
Ab urbe condita2738
Armenian calendar1434
ԹՎ ՌՆԼԴ
Assyrian calendar6735
Baháʼí calendar141–142
Balinese saka calendar1906–1907
Bengali calendar1392
Berber calendar2935
British Regnal year33 Eliz. 2 – 34 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar2529
Burmese calendar1347
Byzantine calendar7493–7494
Chinese calendar甲子年 (Wood Rat)
4682 or 4475
    — to —
乙丑年 (Wood Ox)
4683 or 4476
Coptic calendar1701–1702
Discordian calendar3151
Ethiopian calendar1977–1978
Hebrew calendar5745–5746
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat2041–2042
 - Shaka Samvat1906–1907
 - Kali Yuga5085–5086
Holocene calendar11985
Igbo calendar985–986
Iranian calendar1363–1364
Islamic calendar1405–1406
Japanese calendarShōwa 60
(昭和60年)
Javanese calendar1917–1918
Juche calendar74
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4318
Minguo calendarROC 74
民國74年
Nanakshahi calendar517
Thai solar calendar2528
Tibetan calendar阳木鼠年
(male Wood-Rat)
2111 or 1730 or 958
    — to —
阴木牛年
(female Wood-Ox)
2112 or 1731 or 959
Unix time473385600 – 504921599

1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1985th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 985th year of the 2nd millennium, the 85th year of the 20th century, and the 6th year of the 1980s decade.

The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations.

Events

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January

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February

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March

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April

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May

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June

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July

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Live Aid at JFK Stadium in Philadelphia

August

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September

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October

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November

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December

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Date unknown

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World population

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World population
1985 1980 1990
World 4,830,979,000 4,434,682,000 396,297,000  5,263,593,000 432,614,000 
Africa 541,814,000 469,618,000 72,196,000  622,443,000 80,629,000 
Asia 2,887,552,000 2,632,335,000 255,217,000  3,167,807,000 280,255,000 
Europe 706,009,000 692,431,000 13,578,000  721,582,000 15,573,000 
South America 401,469,000 361,401,000 40,068,000  441,525,000 40,056,000 
North America 269,456,000 256,068,000 13,388,000  283,549,000 14,093,000 
Oceania 24,678,000 22,828,000 1,850,000  26,687,000 2,009,000 

Births and deaths

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Nobel Prizes

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References

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  1. ^ Test: Total English Skills Training' 2008 Ed. Rex Bookstore, Inc. 2008. p. 81. ISBN 978-971-23-5127-3.
  2. ^ Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Committee for Fisheries (1985). Problems of Trade in Fishery Products. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. p. 157. ISBN 978-92-64-12775-3.
  3. ^ John Higley; Richard Gunther; Higley John (1992). Elites and Democratic Consolidation in Latin America and Southern Europe. Cambridge University Press. p. 264. ISBN 978-0-521-42422-6.
  4. ^ Putzel, Michael (January 21, 1985). "Inaugural put on ice". Spokesman-Review. (Spokane, Washington). Associated Press. p. A1.
  5. ^ Central Asia Monitor. Central Asia Monitor. 1994. p. 16.
  6. ^ Bob Smith; Salim Amin (December 20, 2013). The Man Who Moved the World. Master Publishing. p. 85. ISBN 978-9966-052-03-2.
  7. ^ J. Paxton (December 27, 2016). The Statesman's Year-Book 1985-86. Springer. p. 551. ISBN 978-0-230-27114-2.
  8. ^ "Hawke Withdraws Support For MX Missile Tests". AP NEWS. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
  9. ^ United States. Drug Enforcement Administration (2003). Drug Enforcement Administration: A Tradition of Excellence, 1973-2003. U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration. p. 63.
  10. ^ Kifner, John (February 15, 1985). "U.S. TV Reporter Free In Lebanon". The New York Times. Retrieved October 15, 2009.
  11. ^ Altman, Lawrence K. (August 7, 1986). "WILLIAM SCHROEDER DIES 620 DAYS AFTER RECEIVING ARTIFICIAL HEART". The New York Times. Retrieved September 20, 2008.
  12. ^ Altman, Lawrence K. (August 10, 1986). "A HERO OF MEDICINE; Schroeder, Longest User of Jarvik Device, Helped Prove Hearts Can Be Replaced". The New York Times. Retrieved September 20, 2008.
  13. ^ Kleist, Trina (August 16, 1986). "Schroeder's struggle lasts 620 days - artificial heart recipient William J. Schroeder". Science News. Science Service, Inc. Retrieved September 20, 2008.
  14. ^ "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Flight Safety Foundation. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
  15. ^ "Aircraft accident report : China Airlines Boeing 747-SP, N4522V, 300 nautical miles northwest of San Francisco, California, February 19, 1985" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. March 29, 1986. NTSB/AAR-86/03. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved April 30, 2019.
  16. ^ "Northern Ireland Bloody Day". TIME. March 11, 1985. Archived from the original on May 24, 2011. Retrieved April 21, 2007.
  17. ^ "The RUC: Lauded and condemned". BBC. October 31, 2001. Retrieved April 21, 2007.
  18. ^ Debra Cameron; Bill Rosenblatt; Eric Raymond; Eric S. Raymond (1996). Learning GNU Emacs. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". p. 471. ISBN 978-1-56592-152-8.
  19. ^ Brian C. Hanon (1986). Marketing in Uruguay. U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration. p. 3.
  20. ^ "Sismos importantes o destructivos desde 1570" (in Spanish). Santiago de Chile: University of Chile Seismologic Service. Archived from the original on December 31, 2006. Retrieved September 12, 2010.
  21. ^ "60 killed by Beirut car bomb". The Guardian. London. March 9, 1985. Retrieved April 20, 2010.
  22. ^ "1985: Gorbachev becomes Soviet leader". BBC On This Day. March 11, 1985. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  23. ^ Geoffrey Gibbs (March 12, 2015). "From the archive, 12 March 1985: Mohamed Al Fayed buys Harrods". The Guardian. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  24. ^ Thomas Griffin Sanders (1985). Brazil's New Republic: Tancredo to Sarney. Universities Field Staff International. p. 10.
  25. ^ United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims (2000). Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Immigration and Claims of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, on H.R. 3485, April 13, 2000. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-16-064552-5.
  26. ^ Pacific Basin Study Mission: Report to the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, First Session. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1983. p. 52.
  27. ^ Idato, Michael (July 14, 2005). "An Institution Turns 20". The Age. Melbourne. Archived from the original on July 14, 2010. Retrieved December 22, 2009.
  28. ^ Thomas Cussans (May 5, 2009). Incredible Journeys: The Stories Behind 60 Remarkable Adventures Over Land, Sea and Air. Pavilion Books. p. 242. ISBN 978-1-84340-534-4.
  29. ^ "The 57th Academy Awards, 1985". Oscars.org. October 5, 2014. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  30. ^ Terry M. Mays (June 18, 2015). Historical Dictionary of International Organizations in Africa and the Middle East. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-4422-5018-5.
  31. ^ Frederic Eckhard (December 1985). Issues Before the 40th General Assembly of the United Nations 1985-1986. United Nations Association of the United States of America. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-934654-61-6.
  32. ^ "Gothenburg 1985". Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  33. ^ "Ronald Reagan: Remarks at a Joint German-American Military Ceremony at Bitburg Air Base in the Federal Republic of Germany". Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  34. ^ "Fans killed in Bradford stadium fire". BBC News. May 11, 1985. Archived from the original on March 7, 2008. Retrieved December 2, 2008.
  35. ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 978-0-14-102715-9.
  36. ^ Farman, J.C.; Gardiner, B.G.; Shanklin, J.D. (1985). "Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction". Nature. 315 (6016): 207–10. Bibcode:1985Natur.315..207F. doi:10.1038/315207a0. S2CID 4346468.
  37. ^ Zehr, Stephen C. (1994). "Accounting for the Ozone Hole: Scientific Representations of an Anomaly and Prior Incorrect Claims in Public Settings". The Sociological Quarterly. 35 (4): 603–19. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.1994.tb00419.x. JSTOR 4121521.
  38. ^ He appears on the cover of Sports Illustrated.
  39. ^ In the Matter of Josef Mengele: A Report to the Attorney General of the United States. U.S. Department of Justice, Criminal Division. 1992. p. 18.
  40. ^ Robert Gearty (September 21, 2019), "Greek police arrest suspect in 1985 TWA Flight 847 hijacking", Fox News, retrieved September 21, 2019
  41. ^ Council of the European Union (2001). The Schengen Acquis: Integrated Into the European Union. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. p. 6. ISBN 978-92-824-1776-8.
  42. ^ Napier, Susan J. (2018). Miyazakiworld: A Life in Art. Yale University Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-300-22685-0.
  43. ^ Bowman, John Stewart. Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. p. 398
  44. ^ Roach, Kent (2011). "The Air India Report and the Regulation of Charities and Terrorism Financing". The University of Toronto Law Journal. 61 (1): 46. doi:10.3138/utlj.61.1.045. JSTOR 23018688.
  45. ^ Special Committee on U.S. Route Numbering (June 26, 1985). "Route Numbering Committee Agenda" (Report). Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Retrieved April 16, 2014 – via Wikisource.
  46. ^ "Remarks of the Vice President Announcing the Winner of the Teacher in Space Project". The American Presidency Project. July 19, 1985. Retrieved March 16, 2009.
  47. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747SR-46 JA8119 Ueno". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
  48. ^ "Service held to mark 1985 Manchester air disaster". BBC News. August 22, 2010. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
  49. ^ "Andropov's Pal Samantha Smith Dies in Plane Crash". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. August 26, 1985. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved May 14, 2017.
  50. ^ Alfred, Randy (February 9, 2008). "Sept. 2, 1985: Hey, Everyone, We Found the Titanic". Wired. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
  51. ^ "Redirect". ato.gov.au. Archived from the original on January 14, 2012.
  52. ^ Furuse, Takayuki (September 22, 2015). "30 years after Plaza Accord, nations' currency goals evolve". The Japan Times. Retrieved May 21, 2021.
  53. ^ Fineberg, Jonathan David (2004). Christo and Jeanne-Claude: On the Way to The Gates, Central Park, New York City. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10405-9.
  54. ^ Vaheri-Hyvärinen-Saari: Hanna-Marjut – Hylyt.net (in Finnish)
  55. ^ M/S Hanna Marjut – Wrecksite.eu
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  58. ^ "Terror bomb ruled out in Canada's worst crash". Montreal Gazette. news services. December 13, 1985. p. A1.
  59. ^ Gaines, Larry; Miller, LeRoy (2006). Criminal Justice In Action: The Core. Thomson/Wadsworth. ISBN 978-0-495-00305-2.
  60. ^ Popescu, Adam (October 4, 2010). ""Lali Vasili a stat 20 de zile pe pământ după moarte"". Evenimentul Zilei (in Romanian).