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July 1912

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July 7, 1912: The Automat opens, introduces "fast food"
July 30, 1912: Emperor Meiji dies after 44 years of transforming Japan into a major world power.
July 7, 1912: Harry Houdini escapes handcuffs, leg irons, and an underwater coffin

The following events occurred in July 1912:

July 1, 1912 (Monday)

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Harriet Quimby

July 2, 1912 (Tuesday)

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Governor Woodrow Wilson

July 3, 1912 (Wednesday)

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July 4, 1912 (Thursday)

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The wreck of Lackawanna Train Number 9
48-star version of the United States flag

July 5, 1912 (Friday)

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  • In the second fatal American railroad crash in two days, 26 people were killed and 29 injured when a freight train rear-ended a passenger train on the Ligonier Valley Railroad near the resort town of Wilpen, Pennsylvania.[30] Most of the victims were women and children, who were returning home after a day at the Wilpen Fair Grounds.[24]
  • The first International Radiotelegraph Convention was signed in London. It would be replaced in 1927 by the Radiotelegraph General Convention.[31]

July 6, 1912 (Saturday)

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July 7, 1912 (Sunday)

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Postcard of a woman getting coffee at Horn & Hardart Automat on Broadway, New York City

July 8, 1912 (Monday)

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July 9, 1912 (Tuesday)

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July 10, 1912 (Wednesday)

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July 11, 1912 (Thursday)

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July 12, 1912 (Friday)

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July 13, 1912 (Saturday)

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  • The United States Senate voted 55–28 to remove William Lorimer from his post as U.S. Senator from Illinois, after determining that his election by the Illinois Senate had been secured by corruption.[56] Lorimer would earn what a U.S. Senate historian[who?] called "the dubious distinction of being the last senator to be deprived of office for corrupting a state legislature."[57]
  • Dr. Théodore Tuffier, a surgeon in France, performed the first successful surgery for aortic stenosis on a human patient, an unidentified man from Belgium. The operation went so well that the man was able to return home twelve days later, and was still doing well eight years later. The next procedure to treat narrowing of the aortic valve did not take place again until 36 years later.[58]
  • The weekly newspaper Al-Hilal, published by Indian Muslim activist Abul Kalam Azad to persuade Urdu-speaking Muslims to join in the move to gain independence from the United Kingdom, made its first appearance.[59]

July 14, 1912 (Sunday)

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July 14, 1912: Ken McArthur at the entrance to Stockholm Olympic Stadium.

July 15, 1912 (Monday)

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Lázaro in his final race
  • Died: Francisco Lázaro, 24, Portuguese Olympic athlete, died one day after collapsing from hyperthermia while running in the marathon at the Olympics in Stockholm, becoming the first casualty of the modern Olympic games. Lazaro had covered large portions of his body with grease to prevent sunburn, but overheated and was unable to perspire, creating a fatal electrolyte imbalance. He fell after running 30 kilometres (19 mi) of the 42.195 kilometres (26.219 mi) race, as his body temperature climbed to 41 °C (106 °F).[67] (b. 1888)

July 16, 1912 (Tuesday)

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July 17, 1912 (Wednesday)

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July 18, 1912 (Thursday)

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July 19, 1912 (Friday)

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  • In the Italo-Turkish War, Turkish defenders sank two Italian torpedo boats with cannon fire after a fleet of eight Italian boats attempted to block the entrance to the Dardanelles.[74]
  • Albanian rebels agreed to a truce with Ottoman troops, after the Ottoman government agreed to send a commission of Parliament to investigate grievances in the Ottoman province.[1]
  • A large meteorite streaked over the town of Holbrook, Arizona, at 6:30 pm local time, and then exploded, showering an area six miles eastward with more than 15,000 pieces. Based on the fragments recovered, the meteor was estimated to weigh more than 400 pounds.[75][76]

July 20, 1912 (Saturday)

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July 21, 1912 (Sunday)

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July 22, 1912 (Monday)

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July 23, 1912 (Tuesday)

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  • The first automatic telephone exchange in the United Kingdom, replacing human operators on switchboards, was inaugurated in London by the General Post Office with a system capable of handling 1,500 lines.[83]

July 24, 1912 (Wednesday)

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  • An earthquake measuring 7.0 in magnitude rocked the Piura region in Peru, killing 101 people.[84]
  • The First International Congress on Eugenics convened in London, with 400 delegates from twelve nations.[85] Major Leonard Darwin, one of the sons of Charles Darwin, presided over the Congress, and told delegates that "The unfit amongst men are now no longer necessarily killed off by hunger and disease, but are cherished with care, thus being enabled to reproduce their kind, however bad that may be... the effect likely to be produced by our charity on future generations is, to say the least, but weakness and folly."[86]
  • The United States Senate approved creation of a territorial legislature for Alaska, a single chamber of 16 members.[1] The bill would be signed into law on August 24.[87]
  • Died: Emma Cons, 74, British activist, early promoter of women's suffrage, theater manager of The Old Vic in London (b. 1838)[citation needed]

July 25, 1912 (Thursday)

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Grand Duchess Marie-Adelaide

July 26, 1912 (Friday)

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July 27, 1912 (Saturday)

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July 28, 1912 (Sunday)

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July 29, 1912 (Monday)

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July 30, 1912 (Tuesday)

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  • The Emperor Meiji, also called Mutsuhito, died at 12:43 am after a 44-year reign as Emperor of Japan, during which the nation rose from isolationism to become a world power. Crown Prince Yoshihito of Japan was proclaimed as the Emperor Taishō after the death of his father.[100] In Japanese history, the event marked the end of the Meiji era and the beginning of the Taishō era.
  • The report of the British Court of Inquiry on the sinking of the Titanic, signed by the Chairman Lord Mersey, was presented to British Parliament after hearing testimony from 97 witnesses over 38 days. The Court concluded that the cause of the disaster "was due to collision with an iceberg, brought about by the excessive speed at which the ship was being navigated."[101] On the same day, the first of the 710 Titanic survivors died, 21-month-old Mary Nakid, of meningitis. Millvina Dean, 16 months younger, would be the last survivor, dying on May 31, 2009.[102]
  • The ministry of the Ottoman Grand Vizier Ahmed Muhtar Pasha survived a vote of confidence by a margin of 113–95.[1]
  • Died: Juan Gualberto González, 61, President of Paraguay from 1890 to 1894 (b. 1851)[citation needed]

July 31, 1912 (Wednesday)

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x The Britannica Year-Book 1913: A Survey of the World's Progress Since the Completion in 1910 of the Encyclopædia Britannica] (Encyclopædia Britannica, 1913) pp. xxx-xxxiii
  2. ^ Keith Laybourn, Modern Britain Since 1906: A Reader (I.B.Tauris, 1999) p. 19
  3. ^ Anne-Marie Mooney Cotter and Garrett Breen, Intellectual Property Law (Cavendish Publishing, 2003) p. 4
  4. ^ T. G. Wakeling, Forged Egyptian Antiquities (Coachwhip Publications, 2006) p. 8
  5. ^ Gail Fenske, The Skyscraper and the City: The Woolworth Building and the Making of Modern New York (University of Chicago Press, 2008) p. 186
  6. ^ S. Ansky, David G. Roskies and Golda Werman, The Dybbuk and Other Writings (Yale University Press, 2002) p. xviii
  7. ^ The Official railway guide: North American freight service edition, 1905, p. 941
  8. ^ "Minnesota-Wisconsin League (C) Encyclopedia and History". Baseball Reference.
  9. ^ "Miss Quimby Dies in Airship Fall". New York Times. July 2, 1912.
  10. ^ Doris Weatherford, Women's Almanac (Greenwood Publishing, 2002) p. 168
  11. ^ "Wilson Is Named for President". New York Times. July 3, 1912.
  12. ^ John Milton Cooper, Jr., The Warrior and the Priest: Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt (Harvard University Press, 1983) p. 140
  13. ^ "Vaniman Killed with Four Men aloft in Airship". New York Times. July 3, 1912.
  14. ^ "Flyvevåbnets Historie: Hærens Flyverstyrker 1912 – 1943" (in Danish). Archived from the original on 21 April 2009. Retrieved 27 December 2008.
  15. ^ Butler, Daniel Allen (1998). Unsinkable: The Full Story of RMS Titanic. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. p. 194. ISBN 978-0-8117-1814-1.
  16. ^ "Fourteen German Miners Killed". New York Times. July 4, 1912.
  17. ^ "Fires at Sir Francis May". New York Times July 4, 1912.
  18. ^ "Wilson Greets Marshall". New York Times. July 4, 1912.
  19. ^ "running mate", in Safire's Political Dictionary, by William Safire (Oxford University Press, 2008) p. 636
  20. ^ Hamit Palabiyik, Turkish Public Administration: From Tradition to the Modern Age (USAK Books, 2008) p. 85
  21. ^ Marius Vassiliou, The A to Z of the Petroleum Industry (Scarecrow Press, 2009) pp. 107-108
  22. ^ Meredith Willson: The Unsinkable Music Man (Savas Publishing, 2015), p. 200
  23. ^ "41 Dead, 50 Hurt as Express Hits Excursion Train". The New York Times. July 3, 1912.
  24. ^ a b Haine, Edgar A. (1993). Railroad Wrecks. Associated University Presses. pp. 79–83.
  25. ^ Mallon, Bill; Heijmans, Jeroen (2011). Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement. Scarecrow Press. p. xiv.
  26. ^ Leepson, Marc; DeMille, Nelson (2006). Flag: An American Biography. Macmillan. p. 223.
  27. ^ "State Police Stop Johnson-Flynn Bout" (PDF). The New York Times. July 5, 1912.
  28. ^ "Both Men Are Knocked Out; Wolgast Gets the Decision". Toronto World. July 5, 1912. p. 3 – via Google News.
  29. ^ Grosser, Morton (2004). Gossamer Odyssey: The Triumph of Human-Powered Flight. Zenith Imprint. p. 6.
  30. ^ "21 Killed, 30 Hurt in Railroad Wreck". New York Times. July 6, 1912.
  31. ^ Edmund Jan Osmańczyk and Anthony Mango, Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: A to F (Taylor & Francis, 2003) p. 1893
  32. ^ "Americans Lead All in Olympics". New York Times. July 7, 1912.
  33. ^ "Stockholm 1912 Summer Olympics". Olympics.com. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  34. ^ "No-Confidence Amendment Carried". New Zealand Colonist (Wellington). July 8, 1912. p. 6.
  35. ^ "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Moscow High School". National Park Service. Retrieved January 4, 2020. With accompanying pictures
  36. ^ Berry, Connie E. (1976). The Brotherhood of Timber Workers and the Grabow Incident in Southwest Louisiana. McNeese State University Thesis, (In Special Collections). Thesis/History/1976b.
  37. ^ Albert Jack, What Caesar Did for My Salad: The Curious Stories Behind Our Favorite Foods (Penguin, 2011)
  38. ^ "Thrown Overboard Manacled in a Box". New York Times. July 8, 1912.
  39. ^ Milbourne Christopher, Houdini: The Untold Story (Crowell Publishing, 1969) p. 126
  40. ^ Vinson Synan, The Holiness-Pentecostal Tradition: Charismatic Movements in the Twentieth Century (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1997) p. 151
  41. ^ G. Patrick March, Eastern Destiny: Russia in Asia and the North Pacific (ABC-CLIO, 1996) pp. 196-197
  42. ^ "Portuguese Rebels Have Seized a Town". New York Times. July 10, 1912.
  43. ^ Mariano Gabriele, La Marina nella guerra Italo-Turca, Ufficio Storico della Marina Militare, Roma 1998, p. 175
  44. ^ Barrett, John (2014). Wimbledon: The Official History (4th ed.). Vision Sports Publishing. ISBN 9-781909-534230.
  45. ^ "World's Records Go as Americans Win". New York Times. July 8, 1912.
  46. ^ "Marquard Driven from Box by Cubs; Giants' Great Pitcher Defeated After Winning Nineteen Successive Games". New York Times. July 9, 1912. p. 10.
  47. ^ "Major League Baseball Records for Games Won by Pitchers". Baseball Almanac.
  48. ^ "King in Coal Mine Despite Explosion". New York Times. July 8, 1912.
  49. ^ "One Vote for Archbald". The New York Times. July 12, 1912.
  50. ^ "U.S. Patent No. 1,186,856" – via Google Patents.
  51. ^ "Provincial General Election Summaries: 1905 - 1956". Elections Saskatchewan. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  52. ^ a b Thomas Cottam Romney, The Mormon Colonies in Mexico (University of Utah Press, 1938) pp. 172-173
  53. ^ "The Prohibition Ticket: Eugene W. Chafin for President and A.S. Watkins for Vice President". New York Times. July 13, 1912.
  54. ^ "n/a". Irish Times. July 12, 1912.
  55. ^ Bernard F. Dick, Engulfed: The Death of Paramount Pictures and the Birth of Corporate Hollywood (University Press of Kentucky, 2001) p. 5
  56. ^ "Lorimer Ousted by Decisive Vote". New York Times. July 14, 1912.
  57. ^ Richard A. Baker, Two Hundred Notable Days: Senate Stories, 1787 to 2002 (Government Printing Office, 2006) p. 106
  58. ^ Harris B. Shumacker, The Evolution of Cardiac Surgery (Indiana University Press, 1992) pp. 116-117
  59. ^ K.R. Gupta & Amita Gupta, Concise Encyclopaedia of India, Volume 3 (Atlantic Publishers, 2006) p. 1040
  60. ^ "Marathon Is Won by South African". The New York Times. July 15, 1912. p. 1.
  61. ^ Martin, David E.; Gynn, Roger W. H. (2000). The Olympic Marathon. Human Kinetics. pp. 85–94.
  62. ^ Holl, Jim. "Ohio–Pennsylvania League of 1905". Society for American Baseball Research. Archived from the original on November 7, 2003. Retrieved 2007-03-04.
  63. ^ "Thirteen Killed in Wreck Near Chicago". The New York Times. July 15, 1912. p. 1.
  64. ^ Commonwealth Bank website
  65. ^ Davey Smith, George (2001). Poverty, Inequality and Health in Britain, 1800-2000: A Reader. The Policy Press.
  66. ^ "Banking and Financial Notes". The Bankers Magazine. Vol. 86. Bradford-Rhodes & Company. 1913. p. 403 – via Google Books.
  67. ^ "Francisco Lázaro". Olympedia. OlyMADMen. Archived from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2022.
  68. ^ "Sir Percy Girouard In Business". New York Times. July 18, 1912.
  69. ^ "Gambler Who Defied Police Is Shot Dead". New York Times. July 17, 1912.
  70. ^ Edward Robb Ellis, The Epic Of New York City: A Narrative History (Basic Books, 2004) pp. 484-85
  71. ^ John Chrysochoos, Ikaria: Paradise in Peril (Dorrance Publishing, 2010) pp. 117-123
  72. ^ "Turkish Cabinet Quits". New York Times. July 18, 1912.
  73. ^ "Cuban Troops Kill the Rebels' Leader". New York Times. July 19, 1912.
  74. ^ "Turks' Fire Sinks Italian Warships". New York Times. July 11, 1912.
  75. ^ "Holbrook, Arizona, Meteorite Fall Of 1912", by George & Eve DeLange.
  76. ^ William Graves Hoyt, Coon Mountain Controversies: Meteor Crater and the Development of Impact Theory (University of Arizona Press, 1987) p. 192
  77. ^ "60 Killed and Wounded". New York Times. July 21, 1912.
  78. ^ "Meatpackers' Trust Has Been Dissolved". New York Times. July 21, 1912.
  79. ^ "Levitshy vs. Marshall, Breslau 1912". Chessgames.com.
  80. ^ Turkey Has New Cabinet". New York Times. July 22, 1912.
  81. ^ Gunn, Geoffrey C. (1999). Timor Loro Sae: 500 Years. Macau: Livros do Oriente. p. 183.
  82. ^ "Hanford Resigns; No Impeachment". New York Times. July 23, 1912.
  83. ^ Anton A. Huurdeman, The Worldwide History of Telecommunications (John Wiley & Sons, 2003) p. 244
  84. ^ "Significant Earthquake: PERU: HUANCABAMBA,CAJAMARCA; ECUADOR: GUAYAQUIL". National Geophysical Data Center. July 24, 1912. Archived from the original on 24 June 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  85. ^ "First Eugenics Congress". New York Times. July 25, 1912.
  86. ^ Donald De Marco and Benjamin Wiker, Architects of the Culture of Death (Ignatius Press, 2004) p. 101
  87. ^ Claus M. Naske, 49 at Last: The Fight for Alaska Statehood (Epicenter Press, 2009) p. 40
  88. ^ Pit Péporté, Inventing Luxembourg: Representations of the Past, Space and Language from the Nineteenth to the Twenty-First Century (BRILL, 2010) p. 90
  89. ^ "Radio- Naval aircraft carry the most powerful and efficient radio equipment yet to be perfected by engineers", by Comm. G. B. H. Hall, Flying and Popular Aviation Magazine (June 1942) p. 157
  90. ^ Robertson, Bruce. Aircraft Markings of the World 1912–1967, Stroud, England: Harleyford Publications, 1967, p. 37
  91. ^ Lyle L. Vander Werff, Christian Mission to Muslims: The Record : Anglican and Reformed Approaches in India and the Near East, 1800-1938 (William Carey Library, 1977) p. 167
  92. ^ Hugh Reilly and Kevin Warneke, Father Flanagan of Boys Town: A Man of Vision (Boys Town Press, 2008) p. 28
  93. ^ Patrick Robertson, Robertson's Book of Firsts: Who Did What for the First Time (Bloomsbury Publishing USA, 2011)
  94. ^ Britain in the Twentieth Century (Cambridge University Press, 1966) p. 52
  95. ^ Støren, Thordis. "Elise Sem". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 25 May 2013.
  96. ^ "Many Lose Lives When Landing Stage Sinks into Ocean". Pittsburgh Press. July 29, 1912. p. 13.
  97. ^ "The history of the Tour de France – Year 1912 – Stage 15 Le Havre > Paris". Tour de France. Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  98. ^ Bernard Diederich, Somoza and the Legacy of U.S. Involvement in Central America (Markus Wiener Publishers, 2007) p. 9.
  99. ^ "Rush More Marines into Nicaragua". New York Times. August 6, 1912.
  100. ^ "Mutsuhito Dies; Son Rules Japan". New York Times. July 31, 1912.
  101. ^ Richard Howells, The Myth of the Titanic: Centenary Edition (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012)
  102. ^ Richard Davenport-Hines, Voyagers of the Titanic: Passengers, Sailors, Shipbuilders, Aristocrats, and the Worlds They Came From (HarperCollins, 2012)
  103. ^ Ray Gamache, A History of Sports Highlights: Replayed Plays from Edison to ESPN (McFarland, 2010) p. 47.
  104. ^ Important Federal Laws (B.F. Bowen, 1917) p. 653.
  105. ^ Layman, R.D., Before the Aircraft Carrier: The Development of Aviation Vessels 1849–1922, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1989, ISBN 0-87021-210-9, p. 111