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September 1974

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September 8, 1974: U.S. President Ford announces his decision to pardon former President Richard Nixon

The following events occurred in September 1974:

September 1, 1974 (Sunday)

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An SR-71 Blackbird in flight
The Sikorsky S-67 Blackhawk
Opening ceremonies of the 1974 Asian Games

September 2, 1974 (Monday)

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September 3, 1974 (Tuesday)

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September 4, 1974 (Wednesday)

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General Abrams

September 5, 1974 (Thursday)

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1974 Bicentennial stamp depicting Carpenters' Hall

September 6, 1974 (Friday)

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September 7, 1974 (Saturday)

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  • The Lusaka Accord was signed in Zambia between the government of Portugal and representatives of FRELIMO (Frente de Libertação de Moçambique), with Portugal recognizing the independence of the southeast African nation of Mozambique and ending the war of independence that had gone on for almost 10 years. The Republic of Mozambique would become independent on June 25, 1975.
  • The Constitution of Pakistan was amended to create and maintain a statistical database of all citizens of Pakistan, with each citizen to have a government-issued National Identity Card (NIC).[76] Another amendment set an official definition of "Muslim" ("a person who believes in the unity and oneness of Allah, in the absolute and unqualified finality of the Prophethood of Muhammad (Peace be upon Him), the last of the Prophets, and does not believe in, or recognize as a prophet or religious reformer, any person who claimed or claims to be a prophet, in any sense of the word or of any description whatsoever, after Muhammad (Peace be upon Him)") and "non-Muslim" ("a person who is not a Muslim and includes a person belonging to the Christian, Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist or Parsi community, a person of the Qadiani group or the Lahori group (who call themselves 'Ahmadis' or by another name), or a Baha'i, and a person belonging to any of the scheduled castes.")
  • The crash of a Garuda Indonesia airliner killed 33 of 36 people on board. The Fokker F27 Friendship turboprop struck an airport building while landing in poor weather at Bandar Lampung after a flight from Jakarta.[77]
  • The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA) was signed into law by U.S. President Ford. Though individual states of the U.S. were free not to follow the guidelines of the Act, only those states that complied with the federal standards were eligible for federal grants for state juvenile programs.[78]
Shirley Cothran in 1975

September 8, 1974 (Sunday)

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  • U.S. President Gerald Ford made an unpopular decision that would ultimately cost him the 1976 U.S. presidential election, as he announced in a nationally televised speech that he had granted a "full, free and absolute pardon" to his predecessor, former President Richard Nixon, for any crimes that Nixon might have committed during the Nixon presidency.[87] Ford said in his speech, "I have come to a decision which I felt I should tell you and all of my fellow American citizens, as soon as I was certain in my own mind and in my own conscience that it is the right thing to do." He added that the Watergate scandal "could go on and on and on, or someone must write the end to it. I have concluded that only I can do that, and if I can, I must." He noted that, "I am compelled to conclude that many months and perhaps more years will have to pass before Richard Nixon could obtain a fair trial by jury in any jurisdiction of the United States," and that "During this long period of delay and potential litigation, ugly passions would again be aroused. And our people would again be polarized in their opinions. And the credibility of our free institutions of government would again be challenged at home and abroad."[88] Ford then read the text of Proclamation 4311 aloud.[89] In 2001, Ford was presented the Profile in Courage Award, and U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy said, "At a time of national turmoil, America was fortunate that it was Gerald Ford who took the helm of the storm-tossed ship of state. Unlike many of us at the time, President Ford recognized that the nation had to move forward, and could not do so if there was a continuing effort to prosecute former President Nixon. So President Ford made a courageous decision, one that historians now say cost him his office, and he pardoned Richard Nixon... time has a way of clarifying past events, and now we see that President Ford was right. His courage and dedication to our country made it possible for us to begin the process of healing and put the tragedy of Watergate behind us.[90]
  • TWA Flight 841 crashed into the Ionian Sea 18 minutes after takeoff from Athens toward Rome, after a terrorist bomb exploded in the cargo hold. With control no longer possible, the Boeing 707 made a steep climb and stalled. All 88 people aboard were killed.[91][92]
Knievel's Skycycle X-2 and his trademark jumpsuit[93]

September 9, 1974 (Monday)

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Gérard Devouassoux in 1971

September 10, 1974 (Tuesday)

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The Flag of Guinea-Bissau

September 11, 1974 (Wednesday)

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September 12, 1974 (Thursday)

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Ethiopia's Emperor Haile Selassie (standing behind rear window of car) is overthrown
  • Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia since 1930, was overthrown by officers of the Derg, members of the Ethiopian Army and police,[137] bringing an end to the Solomonic dynasty that had ruled since 1270.[138]
  • The Derg proclaimed the 60-year-old Crown Prince, Asfaw Wossen Tafari, as the new King (but not Emperor) of Ethiopia.[139] Prince Asfaw, who was in Switzerland for medical treatment, wisely declined to accept the invitation, and avoided imprisonment and execution that was meted out to other members of the former royal family.
  • The longest game in Major League Baseball history to be played to a conclusion came to an end in the 25th inning, 7 hours and 4 minutes after it had started, as baseball's St. Louis Cardinals defeated the host New York Mets, 4 to 3, in the 25th inning. The game had been tied, 3 to 3, after nine innings and then went 15 additional scoreless innings before two Mets errors gave the Cardinals' Bake McBride the opportunity to run from first base to home plate.[140][141]
  • In the U.S. state of Massachusetts, court-ordered desegregation busing began on the first day of school in Boston. While busing was successful in 79 of Boston's 80 schools,[142] demonstrations and violence accompanied the beginning of school in the largely white South Boston neighborhood. On the first day, only 124 of the 1,000 students enrolled at South Boston High School attended, and white demonstrators stoned buses carrying African-American students home from the school. Kevin White, Mayor of Boston, banned gatherings of three or more people in the vicinity of public schools.[143]
  • American serial murderer Calvin Jackson, who would confess to nine murders committed on the West Side of Manhattan in New York City, was arrested. Jackson was picked up by police hours after the discovery of the body of 69-year-old widow Pauline Spanierman at her apartment at 40 West 77th Street. The NYPD had not previously connected the women's deaths, nor even realized that some of the victims had been murdered.[144][145][146]
  • Japanese construction worker Etsuo Ono was arrested as the chief suspect in the murders of nine women in and around Tokyo over the previous 20 months. Although he was convicted of murder in 1986 and sentenced to life imprisonment, based on a confession made under duress, Ono's conviction was reversed and he would be acquitted on retrial in 1991. He would later be arrested for the murder of another person in 1996.[147]
  • The country music and comedy show Funny Farm, hosted by singer Blake Emmons, premiered on the CTV Television Network as a Canadian-produced program "advertised as a slick rural comedy, a cross between Hee Haw and Laugh-In".[148] The show was poorly received by critics, with one commenting, "in all my years of TV viewing I can't remember a worse show than Funny Farm. It's ugly and crude from every point of view; the concept is a straight steal from Hee Haw, but the writing, performances and production are straight out of the garbage dump."[149]
  • Born: Rayya Makarim, U.S.-born Indonesian actress, film screenwriter and producer; in Boston[150]
  • Died:

September 13, 1974 (Friday)

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September 14, 1974 (Saturday)

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El Guerrouj
  • Born: Hicham El Guerrouj, Moroccan middle-distance runner and holder of the world records for the fastest mile run (3 minutes, 43.13 seconds) since 1999, and the 1500 metres run (3 minutes, 26.00 seconds) since 1998; in Berkane.[177] In addition to the mile record that has stood for almost 25 years, Berkane won Olympic gold medals in 2004 for the 1500 metre and 5000 metre races, and three consecutive world championships in the 1500 m race (1999, 2001 and 2003).
Hull on Strike It Rich

September 15, 1974 (Sunday)

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  • All 75 people aboard Air Vietnam Flight 706 were killed when three hijackers detonated grenades as the Boeing 727 was attempting an emergency landing at Phan Rang Air Base in South Vietnam. The terrorists had seized the jet after it had taken off from Da Nang on a flight to Saigon, and demanded to be flown to Hanoi in North Vietnam.[182][183][184]
  • What would become known as the "Bulldozer Exhibition" took place in Moscow when Soviet authorities used bulldozers and water trucks to beak up an unauthorized exhibition of contemporary nonconformist art in a park at Profsoyuznaya Street. After the area was cleared, groups of young men destroyed paintings and threw them into a dump truck to be driven away as police watched. Viewers at the exhibit, including foreign diplomats and journalists attending the exhibit, were assaulted or forced to flee.[185]
  • Lieutenant General Aman Andom was named as the Chairman of the Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia (more commonly called "the Derg") three days after the overthrow of the government of Emperor Haile Selassie, becoming the northeast African nation's new head of state. Aman, of Eritrean descent, would come into conflict with the rest of the Derg for his attempts to resolve the ongoing war of Eritrean independence and would be killed three weeks later.[186]
Policeman standing outside French Embassy in The Hague

September 16, 1974 (Monday)

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September 17, 1974 (Tuesday)

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Boeing 707 carrying terrorists takes off from Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

September 18, 1974 (Wednesday)

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September 19, 1974 (Thursday)

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September 20, 1974 (Friday)

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  • Hurricane Fifi, later known as Hurricane Orlene, struck the Central American nation of Honduras, where it killed more than 8,000 people.[240] On the first day, the town of Choloma was destroyed and more than 2,800 people washed away when the flood collapsed a natural dam.[241][242][243]
Sign for The National Highway in Australia
  • The National Highway, Australia's network of federally-funded roads, came into existence with the approval of the National Roads Act 1974.[244]
  • Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom ordered the dissolution of Parliament slightly more than six months after it opened on March 12, making the 46th Parliament of Elizabeth II the shortest elected UK parliament in history.[245]
  • The war crimes trial of Bruno Streckenbach, director of Nazi Germany's Einsatzgruppen within Poland, on charges of one million counts of murder, was postponed indefinitely because of his cardiac problems.[246] Streckenbach would survive for three more years, never facing a verdict, until his death on October 28, 1977.
  • The Kootenai Tribe of Idaho, under the leadership of tribal elder Amelia Trice, announced a declaration of war against the U.S. government. The Tribe set up informational pickets and requested 10-cent tolls on U.S. Highway 95 in Bonners Ferry, Idaho. Trice would lead a delegation to Washington, D.C., for talks, resulting in U.S. President Ford signing a bill transferring two tracts of federal land to the tribe.[247]
  • Died:
Gail Cobb

September 21, 1974 (Saturday)

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Bestselling novelist Susann and renowned actor Brennan

September 22, 1974 (Sunday)

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September 21, 1974: Maiorca preparing for world record attempt

September 23, 1974 (Monday)

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September 24, 1974 (Tuesday)

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September 25, 1974 (Wednesday)

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September 26, 1974 (Thursday)

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September 27, 1974 (Friday)

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September 28, 1974 (Saturday)

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First Lady Betty Ford
  • Betty Ford, the First Lady of the United States, underwent a mastectomy at Bethesda Naval Hospital to remove her right breast after the discovery of a cancerous lump.[318] The choice of Mrs. Ford to fully disclose her diagnosis of breast cancer would be described later as "an important decision which would have tremendous social impact". As one historian noted, "After she went public to alert as many women as possible of the benefits of early detection, millions of women schedule appointments at breast cancer clinics across the country."[319] Another historian, Lisa Liebman, would say later, "Her courage and candor not only removed the stigma from the topic but also saved countless lives."[319] Mrs. Ford herself would say later, "I got a lot of credit for having gone public with my mastectomy, but if I hadn't been the wife of the President of the United States, the press would not have come racing after my story, so in a way it was fate."[319]
  • The Panamanian freighter Sun Shang sank in a typhoon 400 miles (640 km) east of Hong Kong, killing 31 of its 34 crewmembers. On the east coast of Taiwan, at least 13 people in one village died in a landslide caused by the typhoon.[320]
  • A Venezuelan Air Force Phantom jet with two people on board went out of control at an airshow near Caracas and crashed into an apartment building, killing eight residents.[321]
  • The Grand Final, the championship game of the Victorian Football League, was played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground before a crowd of 113,839 people. The Richmond Tigers defeated the North Melbourne Kangaroos, 18.20 to 13.9 (128 to 87, based on six-point goals and one-point kicks).[322]
  • Born:
  • Died:

September 29, 1974 (Sunday)

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September 30, 1974 (Monday)

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Notes

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  1. ^ Georgia was not represented at the original First Continental Congress.

References

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  1. ^ Bowdler, George A.; Cotter, Patrick (1982). Voter Participation in Central America, 1954-1981: An Exploration. University Press of America. p. 64.
  2. ^ "Jet Spans Atlantic in Less Than 2 Hours". The New York Times. AP. 2 September 1974. Page 33, columns 1-3. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  3. ^ "Blackbird bullet fires Farnborough". Reading Evening Post. Reading, England. 2 September 1974. p. 7.
  4. ^ G C Wilkinson, Department of Trade, Accidents Investigation Branch (30 January 1976). Sikorsky S-67 Blackhawk N671SA Report on the accident at Farnborough, Hampshire, England, 1 September 1974 (PDF). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. ISBN 0-11-511433-5. Retrieved 19 November 2023.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Donald, David (1998). "Sikorsky S-67, S-69 and S-72". The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. ISBN 978-0-7607-0592-6.
  6. ^ Giniger, Henry (3 September 1974). "Franco Resumes His Role as Chief; Takes Control Again after Recovery". The New York Times. Page 13, column 1. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  7. ^ Warsmith, Stephanie; Schleis, Paula (16 December 2020). "Siblings of slain Akron teen disappointed murderer not identified, over 40 years later". News. Akron Beacon Journal. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  8. ^ Schleis, Paula; Warsmith, Stephanie (16 December 2020). "Linda Pagano case timeline: A missing teen, a partial skeleton and an unsolved mystery". News. Akron Beacon Journal. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
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  11. ^ Prokop, Jessica (17 February 2023). "Clark County serial killer Warren Forrest sentenced to life in prison in 1974 murder". The Columbian. Archived from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
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  26. ^ Eder, Richard (4 September 1974). "Heath Yacht Sinks, Drowning Godson". The New York Times. Page 4, columns 4-6. Retrieved 12 November 2023. LONDON, Sept. 3—Former Prime Minister Edward Heath's racing sloop Morning Cloud capsized and sank in a gale last night in the English Channel off the Sussex coast.
  27. ^ "Heath Yacht—Search for Sailor Stops". World News. The Sydney Morning Herald. 5 September 1974. Page 5, columns 4-5. Retrieved 12 November 2023 – via Google News. LONDON, Wednesday. — Coastguards abandoned last night an air and sea search for the missing crewman of Mr Edward Heath's yacht, Morning Cloud, 24 hours after it overturned in a gale.
  28. ^ "1974 SOUTHERN 500". Racing-reference.info. NASCAR Digital Media. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  29. ^ "Fullback, 20, Dies". The New York Times. UPI. 4 September 1974. Page 86, column 8. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  30. ^ Weisman, Steven R. (3 September 1974). "Joseph A. Beirne of Phone Union Dies". The New York Times. Page 38, columns 1-3. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  31. ^ "Wallace Ross Dies at 52; Led Ad Association Here". The New York Times. 4 September 1974. Page 32, column 8. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  32. ^ Shenker, Israel (3 September 1974). "Moses Soyer, 74, Dead; Traditional U.S. Painter". The New York Times. Page 38, columns 1-3. Retrieved 11 November 2023. Moses Soyer, the Russian-born artist who became an outstanding American painter, died here yesterday while working at his studio in the Chelsea Hotel.
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  34. ^ "Man Dies in Gasoline Blast". The New York Times. AP. 4 September 1974. Page 13, column 1. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  35. ^ "Player Dies on Court". The New York Times. AP. 5 September 1974. Page 50, column 3. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  36. ^ Cohen, Jay (3 September 2016). "Happy birthday @Jen_Royle!!! Hope you have an amazing day". Jen Royle.; reply: Royle, Jen (30 July 2017). "I think that's a compliment given the fact that I'm 42!!!!".
  37. ^ "John T. Baldwin Jr., Botanist, 63, Dead". The New York Times. 5 September 1974. Page 40, column 1. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  38. ^ Notice de personne "Bertrana, Aurora (1899-1974)" [Person notice "Bertrana, Aurora (1899-1974)"] (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. 21 September 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  39. ^ "Mrs. Richard E. Byrd, 85, Dies; Widow of Explorer and Aviator". The New York Times. 5 September 1974. Page 40, columns 1-2. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  40. ^ Henahan, Donal (6 September 1974). "Harry Partch, 73, A Composer, Dead". The New York Times. Page 36, columns 4-5. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  41. ^ Partch, Harry (2000) [1991]. McGeary, Thomas (ed.). Bitter Music: Collected Journals, Essays, Introductions and Librettos. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. p. xxiii. ISBN 0-252-06913-7. Retrieved 13 November 2023 – via Google Books.
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  43. ^ Binder, David (5 September 1974). "U.S. and East Germany Open Ties and Name Envoys". The New York Times. Page 3, columns 1-8. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
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  49. ^ "Lincoln Roberts Profile - Cricket Player West Indies | Stats, Records, Video". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN Sports Media Ltd. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  50. ^ Krebs, Albin (4 September 1974). "Army Chief Abrams Dies at 59, Directed U.S. Forces in Vietnam". The New York Times. Page 1, columns 7-8. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  51. ^ "Marcel Achard, Dramatist, Dies". The New York Times. 5 September 1974. Page 40, columns 5-6. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  52. ^ "Hubbell Robinson, TV Executive Active in CBS Programming, Dies". The New York Times. 6 September 1974. Page 36, columns 2-3. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  53. ^ "London Police Foil Effort to Take Stone of Scone". The New York Times. Reuters. 5 September 1974. Page 4, columns 4-6. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
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  55. ^ "Wilson Among 12 Governors At Philadelphia Ceremonies". The New York Times. 7 September 1974. Page 10, columns 3-4. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  56. ^ Wooten, James T. (7 September 1974). "Reconvened Continental Congress Starts Bicentennial". The New York Times. Page 10, columns 5-8. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  57. ^ "Protesters Assail 'Filthy' Textbooks in West Virginia". The New York Times. UPI. 6 September 1974. Page 11, column 1. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  58. ^ "Maltese Falcon Is Stolen". The New York Times. UPI. 6 September 1974. Page 22, column 3. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  59. ^ "Worker Killed in Blast". The New York Times. UPI. 6 September 1974. Page 65, column 4. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  60. ^ "James Swinnerton Dead at 98; Pioneer Newspaper Cartoonist". The New York Times. 7 September 1974. Page 30, columns 5-6. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  61. ^ "Premier Chosen in New Zealand". The New York Times. 6 September 1974. Page 4, columns 6-8. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  62. ^ "Japanese Embassy Attacked By Demonstrators in Seoul". The New York Times. AP. 6 September 1974. Page 6, column 1. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  63. ^ "Seoul Halts Anti-Japan March; 15 Protesters Cut Off Fingers". The New York Times. Reuters. 10 September 1974. Page 2, columns 4-5. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
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  73. ^ "Otto Kruger, Suave Star Of Stage and Screen, Dead". The New York Times. 7 September 1974. Page 30, columns 1-3. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  74. ^ "Michael Benthall Is Dead at 55; Directed the Old Vic for 9 Years". The New York Times. 9 September 1974. Page 38, columns 4-5. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  75. ^ "Frank Buxton, Pulitzer Winner For Coolidge Editorial, Is Dead". The New York Times. 8 September 1974. Page 57, columns 1-2. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
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  84. ^ "Katherine Hupalo". The New York Times. 11 September 1974. Page 27, column 5. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
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