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Tambourelli

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Several tambourelli bats in Newton Stewart circa 2012.
7 Tambourelli bats from ~2012.

Tambourelli is a court game invented in Galloway in Scotland in the 1970s.[1][2] It has since spread all over the world, with small communities of players running active clubs in England, Scotland, Germany, Japan and Sweden. It shares many players, coaches and fans with Tamburello as well as Tambeach.

The fundamental aim is for players to stop the shuttlecock from landing within the court on their side of the net. Players hit the shuttlecock with a bat similar to a tambour (like a tambourine[3] without bells) or Irish bodhrán which has a strap along the outer edge and a section of moulded plastic on the inner edge, both for grip.

The game can be played either outdoors or indoors.

There is an annual World Tambourelli Championship, as well as numerous Open Tournaments throughout the year such as in Dresden every September or Hamburg every January.

Rules

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The aim of the game is to have the shuttlecock land within the court on your opponent's side of the net, or to force them to make an error such as hitting the shuttlecock into the net or outside of the court.

Tournament matches are typically played in sets of three games. Each game is played until one player reaches 21 points and is 2 points clear, a point being scored for each shot that one’s opponent fails to legally return, regardless of who served. Each player serves 5 times before switching, with the first player to serve being decided by playing a point before scoring begins.

Service is underarm (beneath the shoulder) and must be taken with one foot on the court's back line. If the first service is called "out" or fails to cross the net, a second service is awarded. In singles, a player may serve to anywhere on their opponent's side of the court. In doubles, service is to the player diagonally opposite and must fall within their half of the court. A "net service" (one which clips the net on the way over but still lands "in" or which the receiving player returns) is replayed without penalty.

When a player has served for 5 points, service changes to the opposing player or team. In doubles, service passes diagonally until all players have served for 5 scored points, at which point service resumes with the first player who served and the two opposing team members swap places, so that each server now serves to a new recipient.

If the shuttlecock hits any part of the player's body, that player loses the point. Players are only allowed to hit the shuttlecock once to get it onto the opponent's side. The exception to this is the "Point Save" rule, which applies only in Doubles games. This rule allows a team to hit the shuttlecock twice to return it; however if that team goes on to win the rally they do not gain a point (they merely "save" or rescue the point). Should the opposing team also double-hit in the same rally, the two "point saves" cancel each other out and whichever team prevails in the rally wins the point. Should one team double-hit a second time in the rally when they are already one "point save" down, they lose the point (i.e. they do not "save" it).

Different clubs use slightly different court sizes, with the hosts of any given tournament permitted to choose the court size for that event, but the standard court is 9.45m long by 4.1m wide. It is split in half lengthways by a line and widthways by a net, at a height of 1.75m, with each player (in singles) or team (in doubles) always remaining on their side of the net.[4]

World Tambourelli Championships

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Men's Tambourelli World Champion trophy and plinth

There is an annual World Tambourelli Championship, which originally took place exclusively in Dumfries and Galloway in Southwest Scotland. During the 1990s tournaments were relocated to Southwest England, near Totnes in Devon. Recently, the tournament moves between Sweden, Germany, and England. The event currently includes a Men's Singles tournament, a Women's Singles tournament, a Mixed Doubles tournament, and Junior Singles and Doubles tournaments.

Since 2002 separate Men's Singles and Women's Singles competitions have been held. From 1991 to 2001 only an 'open' category was held that anybody could enter. For the purposes of historical record, the champions of the 1991-2001 era are referred to here as Men's Singles champions, as no woman ever won the open category (although Indy Priestman came close, reaching the final in 2001). Before 1991 there was generally also separate Men's and Women's Singles though the main emphasis in the tournaments was on the Mixed Doubles competition.

The format of the tournament can vary depending on the number of participants and the availability of time and space, as well as the preferences of the hosts. Usually there is a round-robin group stage in which a single game to 21 is played, followed by a knockout stage of 4, 8 or 16 participants where each match is best-of-3.

The groups are usually decided upon by randomly allocating 1 of the highest ranked participants to each group, then randomly assigning the remainder of the participants among the groups evenly. However the seeding system has only existed since 2011, and the method by which rankings are calculated is still the source of much debate.

In the Mixed Doubles category pairings have traditionally been decided by drawing names out of a hat. Where seeded players are drawn together those names are placed back in and redrawn, the aim being to allow for no team to be excessively dominant and for the random pairing of experienced and inexperienced players or those of differing ability in the same competition. At some tournaments Doubles pairs are pre-chosen. This is generally the case in Germany where separate Men's Doubles, Women's Doubles and a Mixed Doubles competitions have been held.

Typically there are children's tournaments that take place at the same place and time. However, these vary from year to year in several ways: sometimes (usually in Devon) there is simply an under-14s singles and doubles tournament, sometimes there are multiple age groups and separate boys/girls tournaments, and sometimes the Under 16s World Tambourelli Championships take place at a different date and entirely different venue to the World Tambourelli Championship, such as in 2008 when the main WTC took place on Riverford Farm in Devon but the Under 16s tournament took place in Newton Stewart in Scotland.[5]

Results

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Men's singles world champions by year

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[6]

Year Winner Runner-up Venue
2023 Not decided Not decided Kleinnaundorf
2022 Germany Alexander Christen Denmark Isak Lindstedt Stehag
2021 No tournament held No tournament held N/A
2020 No tournament held No tournament held N/A
2019 Germany Alexander Christen England Rowan Appleton-Wickens Stehag
2018 Germany Sebastian Rose Scotland Bazil Hughes Merrick Leisure Centre, Newton Stewart
2017 Scotland Bazil Hughes Germany Marco Zink Riverford Farm, Devon
2016 Germany Marco Zink Scotland Bazil Hughes Dresden
2015 Germany Sebastian Rose Germany Marco Zink Merrick Leisure Centre, Newton Stewart
2014 Scotland Bazil Hughes Sweden Finn Lennartsson Riverford Farm, Devon
2013 Scotland Bazil Hughes Scotland Malcolm Heyes Dresden
2012 Scotland Malcolm Heyes Scotland Seth Priestman Riverford Farm, Devon
2011 Scotland Bazil Hughes Scotland Malcolm Heyes Riverford Farm, Devon
2010 Scotland Liam Campbell England Ezra Cohen Merrick Leisure Centre, Newton Stewart
2009 England Daniel Francis-Bernson England Ezra Cohen Riverford Farm, Devon
2008 England Ezra Cohen Ghana Peter MacCarthy Riverford Farm, Devon
2007 England Daniel Francis-Bernson England Ezra Cohen Riverford Farm, Devon
2006 Scotland Malcolm Heyes England Paddy Bos Coe Riverford Farm, Devon
2005 Scotland Malcolm Heyes England Ezra Cohen Riverford Farm, Devon
2004 England Richard Cohen Scotland Malcolm Heyes Riverford Farm, Devon
2003 Scotland Malcolm Heyes England Ezra Cohen Riverford Farm, Devon
2002 Scotland Malcolm Heyes Riverford Farm, Devon
2001 England Richard Cohen Scotland Indy Priestman Riverford Farm, Devon
2000 Scotland Malcolm Heyes Ghana Peter MacCarthy Riverford Farm, Devon
1999 England Paddy Bos Coe Scotland Malcolm Heyes Riverford Farm, Devon
1998 England Paddy Bos Coe Scotland Seth Priestman chez Finn & Ella, Garlieston
1997 England Paddy Bos Coe England Luke Feldman Minniwick, Galloway
1996 Scotland Seth Priestman England Cyrus Colquhitt chez Rex Pyke, Garlieston
1995 Scotland Davey Mackenzie Scotland Seth Priestman Knowe Farm, Galloway
1994 Scotland Malcolm Heyes Scotland Andy Priestman Corriedoo, Galloway
1993 England Guy Feldman Scotland Andy Priestman chez Rex Pyke, Garlieston
1992 Scotland Andy Priestman
1991 Scotland Andy Priestman Mochrum Park, Galloway
1990 Scotland Mike Sullivan Scotland Andy Priestman Loch Grannoch, Galloway
1989 England Brendan Colvert Fiji Brishendra Dutt Euchanbank, Galloway
1988 England Francis O'Dempsey Scotland Andy Priestman Mochrum Park, Galloway
1987 Castle Stewart, Galloway
1986 No Men's Singles Played No Men's Singles Played Balmaclellan, Galloway
1985 No Men's Singles Played No Men's Singles Played Minniwick, Galloway
1984 Scotland Andy Priestman England Kim Middleton Castle Stewart, Galloway
1983
1982 Scotland Davey Mackenzie Scotland Andy Priestman Corriedoo, Galloway
1981
1980
1979
1978

Women's singles world champions by year

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[7]

Year Winner Runner-up Venue
2023 Not decided Not decided Kleinnaundorf
2022 Denmark Anja Lund Germany Carmen Ketelhut Stehag
2021 No tournament held No tournament held N/A
2020 No tournament held No tournament held N/A
2019 Scotland Indy Lennartsson (née Priestman) Germany Katrin Ueberfuhr Stehag
2018 England Jasmine Bosenick Germany Katrin Ueberfuhr Merrick Leisure Centre, Newton Stewart
2017 Germany Katrin Ueberfuhr Scotland Chloe Bruce Riverford Farm, Devon
2016 Germany Amke de Buhr Germany Inga Höben Dresden
2015 England Jasmine Bosenick Germany Gabriele Rose Merrick Leisure Centre, Newton Stewart
2014 England Jasmine Bosenick Scotland Indy Lennartsson (née Priestman) Riverford Farm, Devon
2013 Scotland Indy Priestman Germany Anne Larisch Dresden
2012 Scotland Indy Priestman England Jasmine Bosenick Riverford Farm, Devon
2011 Scotland Stacey Duff England Dilushi Jayasingha Riverford Farm, Devon
2010 Scotland Indy Priestman Scotland Stacey Duff Merrick Leisure Centre, Newton Stewart
2009 Scotland Indy Priestman Scotland Chloe Bruce Riverford Farm, Devon
2008 Scotland Indy Priestman Netherlands Isla Craik Riverford Farm, Devon
2007 Scotland Elizabeth Tindal Netherlands Isla Craik Riverford Farm, Devon
2006 Scotland Indy Priestman Netherlands Isla Craik Riverford Farm, Devon
2005 Scotland Indy Priestman Netherlands Isla Craik Riverford Farm, Devon
2004 Scotland Indy Priestman Netherlands Isla Craik Riverford Farm, Devon
2003 Scotland Indy Priestman Scotland Rachel Chelka Riverford Farm, Devon
2002 Scotland Indy Priestman Riverford Farm, Devon
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
No Women's Singles Played No Women's Singles Played
1990 Australia Rosey Priestman Scotland Mandi McInnes Loch Grannoch, Galloway
1989 Australia Rosey Priestman Euchanbank, Galloway
1988 Australia Rosey Priestman Mochrum Park, Galloway
1987 Australia Rosey Priestman Castle Stewart, Galloway
1986 Australia Rosey Priestman England Sarah Feldman Balmaclellan, Galloway
1985 No Women's Singles Played No Women's Singles Played Minniwick, Galloway
1984 Australia Rosey Priestman Castle Stewart, Galloway
1983 Australia Rosey Priestman
1982 No Women's Singles Played No Women's Singles Played Corriedoo, Galloway
1981
1980
1979
1978

Shown is the champion and runner up from the over-18 age category. In 2023 there were strict age limits such that players over 40, including the defending champion Anja Lund, were not permitted to enter the over-18 category.

Indy Lennartson won the over-40 category, and Anja Lund won the over-50 category, so all three of Patricia Poch, Indy Lennartson, and Anja Lund have a claim to being the Women's Singles champion of 2023.

Mixed doubles world champions by year

[edit]

[8]

Year Winner Runner-up Venue
2023 Not decided Not decided Kleinnaundorf
2022 Germany Alexander Christen & Japan Kyou Colquitt Hong Kong Eric Lo & Scotland Bazil Hughes Stehag
2021 No tournament held No tournament held N/A
2020 No tournament held No tournament held N/A
2019 Germany Sebastian Rose & England Hugh Wallis Sweden Finn Lennartsson & Germany Hannah Franz Stehag
2018 Scotland Graham Moffat & England Jason Littlefield Scotland Indy Lennartsson & Germany Lutz Reiter Merrick Leisure Centre, Newton Stewart
2017 Scotland Chloe Bruce & Germany Ringo Sobiella England Nik Clark & England Taliesin Appleton-Wickens Riverford Farm, Devon
2016† Germany Dominic Hauke & Germany Nadine Harmatschek Scotland Bazil Hughes & Scotland Chloe Bruce Dresden
2015 Scotland Bazil Hughes & England Taliesin Appleton-Wickens Germany Marco Zink & Scotland Kevin Witt Merrick Leisure Centre, Newton Stewart
2014 England Silver Levy-So & England Tom Amey England Daniel Francis-Bernson & England Finlay Porter Riverford Farm, Devon
2013 No Mixed Doubles No Mixed Doubles Dresden
2012 Scotland Malcolm Heyes & England Tom Amey England Evan Barretxeguren-Priestman & Scotland Seth Priestman Riverford Farm, Devon
2011 England Ezra Cohen & Scotland Seth Priestman England Johnny Tillbrook & Scotland Malcolm Heyes Riverford Farm, Devon
2010 Scotland Jack Higginson & England Saul Woollacott Scotland Andy Priestman & Scotland Bazil Hughes Merrick Leisure Centre, Newton Stewart
2009 Scotland Andy Priestman & Germany Phillipp Bahner Scotland Indy Priestman & England Jack Butcher Riverford Farm, Devon
2008 Scotland Aaron Priestman & England Jacob Edwards Ghana Peter McCarthy & England Mark Elliott Riverford Farm, Devon
2007 Scotland Aaron Priestman & England Richard Cohen England Corin Liddle & Ghana Peter McCarthy Riverford Farm, Devon
2006 Riverford Farm, Devon
2005 Riverford Farm, Devon
2004 Scotland Indy Priestman & England Mark Elliott Scotland Malcolm Heyes & Japan Yukiko Mori Riverford Farm, Devon
2003 Scotland Malcolm Heyes & Japan Tomoko Hori Scotland Ben Lockwood & England Ezra Cohen Riverford Farm, Devon
2002 Riverford Farm, Devon
2001 Scotland Indy Priestman & Scotland Seth Priestman Scotland Aaron Priestman & Scotland Malcolm Heyes Riverford Farm, Devon
2000 Riverford Farm, Devon
1999 England Adam Cohen & England Oliver Tringham Scotland Malcolm Heyes & Scotland Rachel Chelka Riverford Farm, Devon
1998 Scotland Malcolm Heyes & Australia Rosey Priestman England Oliver Tringham & Scotland Thomas Turnbull chez Finn & Ella, Garlieston
1997 Minniwick, Galloway
1996 Scotland Davey Mackenzie & England Peter MacCarthy Scotland Malcolm Heyes & Scotland Thomas Turnbull chez Rex Pyke, Garlieston
1995 Scotland Davey Mackenzie & England George Howard Scotland Alan Thompson & Scotland Dave Knowe Farm, Galloway
1994 Scotland Davey Mackenzie & Scotland Seth Priestman Corriedoo, Galloway
1993 Scotland Davey Mackenzie & England Guy Feldman Scotland Andy Priestman & England Dominic Kennedy chez Rex Pyke, Garlieston
1992
1991
1990 England Francis O'Dempsey & Scotland Karen Haggis Scotland Vince Thurkettle & Mark Loch Grannoch, Galloway
1989 Scotland Davey Mackenzie & Scotland Seth Priestman Euchanbank, Galloway
1988 Morocco Kenneth Dalbrae & Republic of Ireland Brendan Colvert Scotland Indy Priestman & Scotland Clare Melinsky Mochrum Park, Galloway
1987 Scotland Davey Mackenzie & Scotland Chris Heughan Castle Stewart, Galloway
1986 Scotland Mike Sullivan & England David Smith Scotland Andy Priestman & Scotland Mr. Sullivan Balmaclellan, Galloway
1985 Morocco Kenneth Dalbrae & Scotland Tom Jones Minniwick, Galloway
1984 Scotland Andy Priestman & Australia Rosey Priestman Castle Stewart, Galloway
1983 Morocco Kenneth Dalbrae & Scotland Tom Jones
1982 Corriedoo, Galloway
1981
1980
1979
1978

Denotes years in which doubles pairs were not randomly assigned

Men's singles world champions by number of titles

[edit]

[6]

Player Total Years
Scotland Malcolm Heyes 7 1994, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2012
Scotland Bazil Hughes 4 2011, 2013, 2014, 2017
Germany Alexander Christen 3 2019, 2022, 2023
England Paddy Bos Coe 1997, 1998, 1999
Scotland Andy Priestman 1984, 1991, 1992
Germany Sebastian Rose 2 2015, 2018
England Daniel Francis-Bernson 2007, 2009
England Richard Cohen 2001, 2004
Scotland Davey Mackenzie 1982, 1995
Germany Marco Zink 1 2016
Scotland Liam Campbell 2010
England Ezra Cohen 2008
Scotland Seth Priestman 1996
England Guy Feldman 1993
Scotland Mike Sullivan 1990
Republic of Ireland Brendan Colvert 1989
England Francis O'Dempsey 1988

Women's singles world champions by number of titles

[edit]

[7]

Player Total Years
Scotland Indy Lennartsson (née Priestman) 11 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2019
Australia Rosey Priestman 7 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990
England Jasmine Bosenick 3 2014, 2015, 2018
Germany Patricia Poch 1 2023
Denmark Anja Lund 2022
Germany Katrin Ueberfuhr 2017
Germany Amke de Buhr 2016
Scotland Stacey Duff 2011
Scotland Elizabeth Tindal 2007

Multiple-time doubles world champions by number of titles

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[8]

Player Total Years
Scotland Davey Mackenzie 6 1987, 1989, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996
Scotland Seth Priestman 5 1989, 1994, 2000, 2001, 2011
Scotland Malcolm Heyes 4 1997, 1998, 2003, 2012
Morocco Kenneth Dalbrae 3 1983, 1985, 1988
England Tom Amey 2 2012, 2014
Scotland Andy Priestman 1984, 2009
Scotland Aaron Priestman 2007, 2008
Scotland Indy Lennartsson (née Priestman) 2001, 2004
Australia Rosey Priestman 1984, 1998
Scotland Tom Jones 1983, 1985

Full results by year

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2022

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2022 World Tambourelli Championship - Full Results

Men's Singles

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Round of 16Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
              
 
 
 
 
Germany Sebastian Rose
 
 
 
Germany Lutz Reiter
 
Germany Sebastian Rose
 
 
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes
 
 
 
Scotland Seth Priestman
 
Germany Sebastian Rose
 
 
 
Sweden Isak Lindstedt
 
Sweden Finn Lennartsson
 
 
 
Germany Ralph Teichert
 
Sweden Finn Lennartsson
 
 
 
Sweden Isak Lindstedt
 
Sweden Isak Lindstedt
 
 
 
Sweden Jonas Nyberg
 
Sweden Isak Lindstedt
 
 
 
Germany Alexander Christen
 
Sweden Emil Asegard
 
 
 
Sweden Magnus Bjelkefelt
 
Sweden Emil Asegard
 
 
 
Germany Alexander Christen
 
Germany Alexander Christen
 
 
 
Sweden Jakob Stierna
 
Germany Alexander Christen
 
 
 
England Rowan Appelton-Wickens
 
England Rowan Appelton-Wickens
 
 
 
Germany Steven Schneider
 
England Rowan Appelton-Wickens
 
 
 
Germany Ringo Sobiella
 
Germany Ringo Sobiella
 
 
Sweden Peter Andersson
 

Women's Singles

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
 
 
 
Denmark Anja Lund
 
 
 
Germany Daniela Guthens
 
Denmark Anja Lund
 
 
 
Scotland Indy Lennartsson
 
Scotland Indy Lennartsson
 
 
 
Denmark Lene Christensen
 
Denmark Anja Lund
 
 
 
Germany Carmen Ketelhut
 
Germany Hannah Franz
 
 
 
Sweden Anna Dahlin
 
Germany Hannah Franz
 
 
 
Germany Carmen Ketelhut
 
Germany Carmen Ketelhut
 
 
Germany Silke Reiter
 

Mixed Doubles

The mixed doubles was won by Alexander Christen and Kyou Colquitt

2018

[edit]
2018 World Tambourelli Championship - Full Results

The 2018 World Tambourelli Championship, hosted by Scottish Tambourelli, took place on the 28th and 29th of July at the Merrick Leisure Centre in Newton Stewart, Scotland.

The Men's Singles was won by Sebastian Rose. The Women's Singles was won by Jasmine Bosenick. The Mixed Doubles was won by Graham Moffat and Jason Littlefield.

Men's Singles

Sebastian Rose defeated Bazil Hughes in 2 games in the men's singles final, completing a perfect tournament with no games dropped. This feat has only been performed once before in men's singles, by Liam Campbell in 2010. The final was also the first match in which Bazil Hughes lost in 2 straight games since the same tournament in 2010 against Liam Campbell. With victory Sebastian Rose became the first ever multiple-time men's singles champion from outside the UK, and continued his streak of never having lost a singles match on Scottish soil.

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Round of 16Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
              
 
 
 
 
Germany Sebastian Rose 11,12
 
 
 
England Jason Littlefield 4,10
 
Germany Sebastian Rose 11,11
 
 
 
Germany Ringo Sobiella 9,6
 
Scotland Ringo Sobiella
 
 
 
England Clemens
 
Germany Sebastian Rose 21,21
 
 
 
Sweden Finn Lennartsson 7,7
 
England Silver Sky Levy-So 6,9
 
 
 
Germany Lutz Reiter 11,11
 
Germany Lutz Reiter
 
 
 
Sweden Finn Lennartsson
 
Sweden Finn Lennartsson 11,11
 
 
 
Indonesia Mugiri Greenfield 4,5
 
Germany Sebastian Rose 21,21
 
 
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 15,12
 
England Hugh Wallis
 
 
 
Scotland Malcolm Heyes 11,11
 
Scotland Malcolm Heyes 5,9
 
 
 
England Tal Appleton-Wickens 11,11
 
Sweden Mons 6,12
 
 
 
England Tal Appleton-Wickens 11,13
 
England Tal Appleton-Wickens 10,22,10
 
 
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 21,20,21
 
Germany Carsten 5,6
 
 
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 11,11
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 11,7,11
 
 
 
Scotland Graham Moffat 6,11,6
 
Germany Graham Moffat 11,7,11
 
 
Germany Lorenz 9,11,5
 

Women's Singles

Jasmine Bosenick won her third World Tambourelli Championship title, winning every game on her way to a convincing victory. This was her third successive victory including only tournaments in which she was participating.

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
 
 
 
Germany Katrin Ueberfuhr 21
 
 
 
Scotland Elizabeth Tindal 12
 
Germany Katrin Ueberfuhr 2
 
 
 
Scotland Indy Lennartsson 0
 
Scotland Indy Lennartsson 11,12
 
 
 
Germany Trixi Reuther 8,10
 
Germany Katrin Ueberfuhr 0
 
 
 
England Jasmine Bosenick 2
 
Scotland Molly Bruce 6,1
 
 
 
Germany Daniela 11,11
 
Germany Daniela 0
 
 
 
England Jasmine Bosenick 2
 
Germany Jana 6,3
 
 
England Jasmine Bosenick 11,11
 

Mixed Doubles

The Mixed Doubles was won by Graham Moffat and Jason Littlefield, who defeated Indy Lennartsson and Lutz Reiter 11-21, 21-9, 21-13.

Veterans (over 50s) Doubles

The Veterans Doubles was won by Elizabeth Tindal and Hugh Wallis, who defeated Chloe Bruce and Nik Clark.

2017

[edit]
2017 World Tambourelli Championship - Full Results

The 2017 World Tambourelli Championship, hosted by the Devon Tambourelli Association, took place on the 5th and 6 August on Riverford farm near Totnes in Devon.[9]

The Men's Singles was won by Bazil Hughes.[6][10] The Women's Singles was won by Katrin Ueberfuhr.[7][10] The Mixed Doubles was won by Chloe Bruce and Ringo Sobiella.[10] The Luscombe Cup (for children 13 and under) Singles was won by Haruka Takamura.[10] The Luscombe Cup Doubles was won by Nuno Priestman and Noi Priestman.[10]

Men's Singles

Bazil Hughes defeated Marco Zink in 3 games in the Men's Singles final, in a repeat of the previous year's final (which Marco Zink won). The tournament marked the first time that any German player has reached the semi-finals in an outdoor event, with 3 German players making it to the last 4. It is also the first time ever (according to the available records) that the same 2 players have reached the final 2 years in a row. With this win Bazil Hughes claimed his 4th title, taking him to 2nd on the all-time list (after Malcolm Heyes on 7, although it is believed that Andy Priestman has more victories than his official tally of 3).

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
 
 
 
Germany Ringo Sobiella 2
 
 
 
England Luke Watson 0
 
Germany Ringo Sobiella 0
 
 
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 2
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 2
 
 
 
England Sean Millar 0
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 18,21,21
 
 
 
Germany Marco Zink 21,15,16
 
Germany Sebastian Rose 2
 
 
 
England Tal Appleton-Wickens 0
 
Germany Sebastian Rose 0
 
 
 
Germany Marco Zink 2
 
Germany Marco Zink 2
 
 
England Silver Sky Levy-So 0
 

Women's Singles

Katrin Ueberfuhr won her first World Tambourelli Championship title, coming out of her group in 2nd place but adjusting to the conditions and winning her semi-final and final matches in impressive fashion.

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Semi-finalsFinal
 
      
 
 
 
 
Scotland Chloe Bruce 2
 
 
 
England Connie Chapman 0
 
Scotland Chloe Bruce 0
 
 
 
Germany Katrin Ueberfuhr 2
 
Germany Trixi Reuther 0
 
 
Germany Katrin Ueberfuhr 2
 

Mixed Doubles

Ringo Sobiella & Chloe Bruce[8] won the Mixed Doubles tournament, defeating Taliesen Appleton-Wickens & Nik Clark in the final 2 games to 1.

Under 14 Singles

Haruka Takamura won the Luscombe Cup Singles, defeating Nuno Priestman in the final.

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
 
 
 
Japan Noi 5,20
 
 
 
Ryo 21,21
 
Ryo 0
 
 
 
Japan Haruka 2
 
Japan Haruka 21,21
 
 
 
Maple 17,17
 
Japan Haruka 2
 
 
 
Japan Nuno 0
 
Japan Nuno 21,21
 
 
 
Kai 16,12
 
Japan Nuno 17,21,21
 
 
 
Cosmo 21,18,16
 
Cosmo 21,21
 
 
Lily 11,9
 

Under 14 Doubles

Nuno Priestman and Noi Priestman won the Luscombe Cup Doubles.

Veterans (over 50s) Doubles

The Veterans Doubles was won by Nick Clarke and Hugh Wallis, who defeated Chloe Bruce and Taro Shiokawa.

2016

[edit]
2016 World Tambourelli Championship - Full Results

The 2016 World Tambourelli Championship, hosted by Tamburello Dresden, took place on the 27th and 28 August in Dresden.

The Men's Singles was won by Marco Zink.[6] The Women's Singles was won by Amke de Buhr.[7]

Men's Singles

Marco Zink defeated Bazil Hughes 11-10 in the third-set tie-breaker to clinch his first World Tambourelli Championship title in dramatic fashion. Marco Zink was the second successive German Men's Singles champion, after Sebastian Rose took home the title the previous year.

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
 
 
 
Germany Sebastian Rose 2
 
 
 
 
 
Germany Sebastian Rose 0
 
 
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 2
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 2
 
 
 
Germany Carsten Fink 0
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 1
 
 
 
Germany Marco Zink 2
 
Spain Juan Moreno 2
 
 
 
 
 
Spain Juan Moreno
 
 
 
Germany Marco Zink 2
 
Germany Marco Zink 2
 
 
 
 

Women's Singles

Amke de Buhr beat Inga Höben in the final to claim her first titles, and become the first German Women's Singles champion.

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Germany
 
 
 
Germany Inga Höben 2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Germany Inga Höben
 
 
 
Germany Amke de Buhr 2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Germany
 
 
 
Germany Amke de Buhr 2
 
 
 
 
 
 

Mixed Doubles The Mixed Doubles was won by Dominic Hauke & Nadine Harmatschek, who defeated Bazil Hughes & Chloe Bruce in the final in 3 games. In this tournament, the pairs were not randomly drawn as is usually the case but chosen in advance.

2015

[edit]
2015 World Tambourelli Championship - Full Results

The 2015 World Tambourelli Championship, hosted by Scottish Tambourelli, took place on the 22nd and 23 August at the Merrick Leisure Centre in Newton Stewart, Scotland.

The Men's Singles was won by Sebastian Rose.[6] The Women's Singles was won by Jasmine Bosenick.[7] The Mixed Doubles was won by Taliesen Appleton-Wickens and Bazil Hughes.

Men's Singles

Sebastian Rose defeated Marco Zink in 2 games in the Men's Singles final. Sebastian Rose was not only the first German champion (and along with Marco Zink the first German finalist), but also the first Men's Singles champion from outside the UK. This ended a streak of 5 consecutive Scottish champions, and announced Tamburello Dresden as the new top dogs of the competitive scene.

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
 
 
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 1
 
 
 
Scotland Liam Campbell 2
 
Scotland Liam Campbell 1
 
 
 
Germany Marco Zink 2
 
Scotland Seth Priestman 0
 
 
 
Germany Marco Zink 2
 
Germany Marco Zink 0
 
 
 
Germany Sebastian Rose 2
 
Scotland Graham Moffat 0
 
 
 
Germany Sebastian Rose 2
 
Germany Sebastian Rose 2
 
 
 
Scotland Malcolm Heyes 1
 
Germany Dominic Hauke
 
 
Scotland Malcolm Heyes 2
 

Women's Singles

Jasmine Bosenick defeated Gabriele Rose in the final, winning her 2nd (and 2nd consecutive) World Tambourelli Championship title. With this win she became the 3rd player (after Rosey Priestman and Indy Priestman) to win the title more than once.

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Semi-finalsFinal
 
      
 
 
 
 
Germany Gabriele Rose Chloe Bruce
 
 
 
Scotland
 
Germany Gabriele Rose
 
 
 
England Jasmine Bosenick 2
 
Scotland Morag Paterson
 
 
England Jasmine Bosenick 2
 

Mixed Doubles

Taliesen Appleton-Wickens & Bazil Hughes won the Mixed Doubles tournament, defeating Marco Zink & Kevin Witt in the final.

Veterans (over 50s) Doubles

The Veterans Doubles was won by Nick Wright and Nik Clark, who defeated Chloe Bruce and Hugh Wallis.

2014

[edit]
2014 World Tambourelli Championship - Full Results

The 2014 World Tambourelli Championship, hosted by the Devon Tambourelli Association, took place on the 2nd and 3 August on Riverford farm near Totnes in Devon.

The Men's Singles was won by Bazil Hughes.[6] The Women's Singles was won by Jasmine Bosenick.[7] The Mixed Doubles was won by Silver Levy-So and Tom Amey.

Men's Singles

Bazil Hughes defeated Finn Lennartsson in 2 games in the Men's Singles final for his 3rd world title. Finn Lennartsson's run was one of the most memorable in Tambourelli history: he came through a razor-tight tie-breaker against Jason Littlefield to escape his group, defeated one of the favorites and Tambourelli greats Malcolm Heyes 2-1 in his quarter final, and defeated another former champion and favorite Daniel Francis-Bernson 2-1 in his semi-final.

However the fairytale run came to an end in the final, played late at night in brutally cold conditions, when the defending champion Bazil Hughes wrapped up a dominant tournament with a decisive 2-0 victory. With this victory Bazil Hughes became the first player since Malcolm Heyes in 2006 to defend his Men's Singles title.

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
 
 
 
England Ezra Cohen 2
 
 
 
 
 
England Ezra Cohen 0
 
 
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 2
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 2
 
 
 
England Tom Amey 1
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 2
 
 
 
Sweden Finn Lennartsson 0
 
England Daniel Francis-Bernson 2
 
 
 
 
 
England Daniel Francis-Bernson 1
 
 
 
Sweden Finn Lennartsson 2
 
Sweden Finn Lennartsson 2
 
 
Scotland Malcolm Heyes 1
 

Women's Singles

Jasmine Bosenick won her first World Tambourelli Championship title, ending perhaps the most impressive streak in competitive tambourelli history by becoming the first female player to defeat Indy Lennartsson (née Priestman) in recorded history. She also became the first ever English Women's Singles champion, after 12 consecutive Scottish champions since the Women's Singles tournament restarted in 2002.

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Semi-finalsFinal
 
      
 
 
 
 
Scotland Indy Lennartsson 2
 
 
 
 
 
Scotland Indy Lennartsson 0
 
 
 
England Jasmine Bosenick 2
 
 
 
 
England Jasmine Bosenick 2
 

Mixed Doubles

Silver Levy-So & Tom Amey won the Mixed Doubles tournament, defeating Daniel Francis-Bernson & Finlay Porter in the final.

2013

[edit]
2013 World Tambourelli Championship - Full Results

The 2013 World Tambourelli Championship, hosted by Tamburello Dresden, took place on the 20th and 21 July in Dresden, Germany. It was the first World Tambourelli Championship to take place outside the UK.

The Men's Singles was won by Bazil Hughes.[6][11] The Women's Singles was won by Indy Priestman.[7][11] Unlike in previous years, there was no Mixed Doubles tournament with randomly-assigned pairs but instead Men's Doubles and Women's Doubles tournaments in which players chose their doubles partners in advance. The Men's Doubles was won by Phillip Bahner & David Sobiella.[11] The Women's Doubles was won by Indy Priestman & Chloe Bruce.[11]

Men's Singles

Bazil Hughes defeated Malcolm Heyes in 2 games in the Men's Singles final, winning back the title that Malcolm Heyes won from him in 2012. In the final, Malcolm Heyes started strongly and reached the brink of victory in the first game with a lead of 19 points to 15. However, while leaping forward to win his 19th point, he suffered from cramp in his calf. After a short break he was able to continue, but was unable to sustain the level of play that had given him the lead. Bazil Hughes was able to win the first game 21-20 after saving 5 game points (no deuce was played during this tournament), and then won the second game comfortably to secure the title.

With this win, Bazil Hughes became the 2nd player (after Liam Campbell in 2010) to have been confirmed to go through the Men's Singles tournament without dropping a single game. However this feat may have occurred multiple times pre-2009 - no accurate records of the individual matches played exist.

This tournament used an atypical format in which there was a group stage, a knockout round, a further group stage (with 2 groups of 3 players), and then semi-finals and the final.

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Semi-finalsFinal
 
      
 
 
 
 
Germany Sebastian Rose 0
 
 
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 2
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 2
 
 
 
Scotland Malcolm Heyes 0
 
Germany Till Zeuner
 
 
Scotland Malcolm Heyes 2
 
Third place
 
 
 
 
 
Germany Sebastian Rose 2
 
 
Germany Till Zeuner 0

Women's Singles

Indy Priestman defeated Anne Larische to win an unprecedented 10th World Championship title.

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Semi-finalsFinal
 
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Scotland Indy Priestman 2
 
 
 
Germany Anne Larische
 
 
 
 
 
 

Doubles

In 2013 there was no Mixed Doubles tournament, but Men's Doubles and Women's Doubles tournaments, in which pairs were chosen by the participants before the tournament began. The Men's Doubles champions were Phillip Bahner & David Sobiella.[11] The Women's Doubles champions were Indy Priestman & Chloe Bruce.[11]

2012

[edit]
2012 World Tambourelli Championship - Full Results

The 2013 World Tambourelli Championship, hosted by the Devon Tambourelli Association, took place on the 20th and 21 July on Riverford Farm near Totnes in Devon.

The Men's Singles was won by Malcolm Heyes.[6] The Women's Singles was won by Indy Priestman.[7]

Men's Singles

Malcolm Heyes defeated Seth Priestman in 2 games in the Men's Singles final.

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
 
 
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 1
 
 
 
Scotland Malcolm Heyes 2
 
Scotland Malcolm Heyes 2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Scotland Malcolm Heyes 2
 
 
 
Scotland Seth Priestman 0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Scotland Andy Priestman
 
 
 
Scotland Seth Priestman 2
 
 
 
 
 
 

Women's Singles

Indy Priestman defeated Jasmine Bosenick to win her 9th World Championship title.

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Semi-finalsFinal
 
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Scotland Indy Priestman 2
 
 
 
England Jasmine Bosenick
 
 
 
 
 
 

Mixed Doubles

Malcolm Heyes & Tom Amey won the Mixed Doubles tournament, defeating Evan Barretxeguren-Priestman & Seth Priestman in the final.[8]

2011

[edit]
2011 World Tambourelli Championship - Full Results

The 2011 World Tambourelli Championship, hosted by the Devon Tambourelli Association, took place on the 23rd and 24 July on Riverford Farm near Totnes in Devon.

The Men's Singles was won by Bazil Hughes.[6][12] The Women's Singles was won by Stacey Duff.[7][13] The Doubles was won by Ezra Cohen & Seth Priestman[14]

Men's Singles

Bazil Hughes defeated the defending champion Liam Campbell in the semi-finals and tambourelli's most-decorated champion Malcolm Heyes in the final to win his first World Championship title. The tournament featured an all-Scottish last 4, and also had a Scottish winner in the Women's Singles tournament, solidifying the return-to-supremacy of Scottish tambourelli.

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
 
 
 
Scotland Liam Campbell 2
 
 
 
England David Elliott 1
 
Scotland Liam Campbell 0
 
 
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 2
 
England Johnny Tillbrook 0
 
 
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 2
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 2
 
 
 
Scotland Malcolm Heyes 1
 
England Jacob Edwards
 
 
 
Scotland Andy Priestman 2
 
Scotland Andy Priestman
 
 
 
Scotland Malcolm Heyes 2
 
Scotland Jack Higginson
 
 
Scotland Malcolm Heyes 2
 

Women's Singles

Stacey Duff defeated Dilushi Jayasingha in the final to win her first World Championship title. At 17 years of age, she was the youngest Women's Singles champion in tambourelli history.

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
 
 
 
Scotland Stacey Duff 2
 
 
 
England Rachel Chelka
 
Scotland Stacey Duff 2
 
 
 
Netherlands Isla Craik
 
Netherlands Isla Craik 2
 
 
 
England Julia Elliott
 
Scotland Stacey Duff 2
 
 
 
England Dilushi Jayasingha 1
 
Scotland Chloe Bruce 2
 
 
 
England Cassie-Anne Osborne
 
Scotland Chloe Bruce
 
 
 
England Dilushi Jayasingha 2
 
England Dilushi Jayasingha 2
 
 
Scotland Elizabeth Tindal
 

Mixed Doubles

Ezra Cohen & Seth Priestman won the Mixed Doubles tournament, defeating Johnny Tillbrook & Malcolm Heyes in the final.[8]

2010

[edit]
2010 World Tambourelli Championship - Full Results

The 2010 World Tambourelli Championship, hosted by Scottish Tambourelli, took place on Saturday the 31st of July and Sunday the 1st of August in the Merrick Leisure Centre in Newton Stewart.

The Men's Singles was won by Liam Campbell.[6][15] The Women's Singles was won by Indy Priestman.[7][15] The Doubles was won by Jack Higginson and Saul Woollacott[15]

Men's Singles

Liam Campbell, who was reigning under-16s World Champion and had only just turned 16, produced perhaps the most dominant Men's Singles tournament in tambourelli history to take the World Championship title in his first attempt. Not only did he win every game in the tournament - a first since verified records began - he did so in spectacularly dominant fashion. In the 14 individual games he played (8 during the knockout stages and 6 in the group stages), he limited his opponent to 13 points or fewer in all but 1 game (all games to 21). So not only did he win every game he played, but he was only in any danger of losing once - a 21-19 victory over Bazil Hughes in the Round of 16, which he followed with a swift 21-11 win in game 2.

With this win Liam Campbell became the youngest ever Men's Singles champion, the most dominant ever Men's Singles champion, and the only player to win the tournament in their very first attempt (excluding the first tournament ever held). He also brought Scottish tambourelli back to prominence, not only by ending a run of 3 consecutive English champions but also by emphatically dispatching Ezra Cohen, who was playing in his 4th consecutive final, by a scoreline of 21-12, 21-13.

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
 
 
 
Scotland Liam Campbell 21,21
 
 
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 19,11
 
Scotland Liam Campbell 21,19
 
 
 
Scotland Graham Moffat 6,6
 
Scotland Graham Moffat 2
 
 
 
Scotland Jack Higginson
 
Scotland Liam Campbell 21,21
 
 
 
England Ezra Cohen 12,13
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Scotland Malcolm Heyes 0
 
 
 
England Ezra Cohen 2
 
 
 
 
 
 

Women's Singles

Indy Priestman defeated Stacey Duff in the final to win her 8th World Tambourelli championship title.

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Scotland Indy Priestman 2
 
 
 
Scotland Stacey Duff
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Mixed Doubles

Jack Higginson & Saul Woollacott won the Mixed Doubles tournament, defeating Andy Priestman & Bazil Hughes in the final.[8]

Other tournaments

[edit]

The German Open - Dresden

[edit]

2018

[edit]
10. German Open - Full Results

The 9th German Open, hosted by Tamburello Dresden, took place on Saturday the 22nd and Sunday the 23rd of September 2018 in Dresden, Germany.

The Men's Singles was won by Alexander Christen. The Women's Singles was won by Inga Höben. The Men's Doubles was won by Taliesin Appleton-Wickens & Bazil Hughes. The Women's Doubles was won by Nadine Harmatschek & Laura Stolzer. The Mixed Doubles was won by Nadine Harmatschek & Dominic Hauke.

Men's Singles

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
 
 
 
Germany Marco Zink
 
 
 
Germany
 
Germany Marco Zink
 
 
 
Germany Sebastian Rose 21,21
 
Germany Sebastian Rose
 
 
 
Germany
 
Germany Sebastian Rose 6,16
 
 
 
Germany Alexander Christen 21,21
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 21,21
 
 
 
England Taliesin Appleton-Wickens
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 11,6
 
 
 
Germany Alexander Christen 21,21 Third place
 
Germany Alexander Christen 21,21
 
 
 
 
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes
 
 
Germany Marco Zink
 

2017

[edit]
9. German Open - Full Results

The 9th German Open, hosted by Tamburello Dresden, took place on Saturday the 23rd and Sunday the 24th of September 2017 in Dresden, Germany.

The Men's Singles was won by Alexander Christen. The Women's Singles was won by Inga Höben. The Men's Doubles was won by Taliesin Appleton-Wickens & Bazil Hughes. The Women's Doubles was won by . The Mixed Doubles was won by Alexander Christen & Gabriele Rose.

Men's Singles

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
 
 
 
Germany Marco Zink 7,11
 
 
 
Scotland Bazil Hughes 11,6
 
Germany Marco Zink 13,14
 
 
 
Germany Sebastian Rose 21,21
 
Germany Sebastian Rose 11,11
 
 
 
Germany Ringo Sobiella 5,4
 
Germany Sebastian Rose 16,19
 
 
 
Germany Alexander Christen 21,21
 
Germany Dominic Hauke 11,11
 
 
 
Germany Carsten Fink 8,9
 
Germany Dominic Hauke 11,9
 
 
 
Germany Alexander Christen 21,21 Third place
 
Germany Alexander Christen 11,11
 
 
 
England Taliesin Appleton-Wickens 5,3
 
Germany Marco Zink
 
 
Germany Dominic Hauke
 

Women's Singles

Full Knockout Bracket
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
 
 
 
Germany Inga Höben 11,11
 
 
 
Germany Lydia Wünsche 4,4
 
Germany Inga Höben 21,21
 
 
 
Germany Kathleen Schubbert 16,14
 
Germany Stefanie Juhr 5,5
 
 
 
Germany Kathleen Schubbert 11,11
 
Germany Inga Höben 21,16,11
 
 
 
Germany Carmen Gobsch 16,21,7
 
Germany Carmen Gobsch 11,11
 
 
 
Germany Runa Ziesch 0,0
 
Germany Carmen Gobsch 21,21
 
 
 
Germany Trixi Reuther 15,10 Third place
 
Germany Gabriele Rose 10,4
 
 
 
Germany Trixi Reuther 11,11
 
Germany Kathleen Schubbert 21,21
 
 
Germany Trixi Reuther 15,12
 
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Video on history of Tambourelli". Retrieved 2017-08-11.
  2. ^ "Galloway Gazette 2015 pre-WTC article". Retrieved 2017-09-07.
  3. ^ "BBC News - The Sport Played With A Tambourine". BBC News. Retrieved 2017-08-09.
  4. ^ "Devon Tambourelli Association Rules". Archived from the original on 2012-09-12. Retrieved 2017-08-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  5. ^ "Daily Record 2008 Under 16s article". 26 June 2008. Retrieved 2017-09-07.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Men's Singles World Tambourelli Championship Winners". Retrieved 2017-08-16.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Women's Singles World Tambourelli Championship Winners". Retrieved 2017-08-16.
  8. ^ a b c d e f "Mixed Doubles World Tambourelli Championship Winners". Retrieved 2017-08-31.
  9. ^ "WTC 2017 Event Page". Retrieved 2017-08-09.
  10. ^ a b c d e "Totnes Times 2017 WTC article". Retrieved 2017-09-05.
  11. ^ a b c d e f "Galloway Gazette 2013 WTC article". Retrieved 2017-09-05.
  12. ^ "DTA WTC 2011 Men's Singles Results". Archived from the original on 2012-04-21. Retrieved 2017-09-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  13. ^ "DTA WTC 2011 Women's Singles Results". Archived from the original on 2012-04-24. Retrieved 2017-09-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  14. ^ "DTA WTC 2011 Mixed Doubles Results". Archived from the original on 2012-04-21. Retrieved 2017-09-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  15. ^ a b c "Galloway Gazette 2010 WTC article". Retrieved 2017-09-05.